6 
SECOND YAEKAND MISSION. 
In other types the limitation and surrounding of the radial series of tubes hy the larger 
and more extensiye series of reticulating ones is readily seen in tangential sections close to 
the surface, hut it becomes rather confused at some distance within, on account of the obli¬ 
quity of the radial series in relation to the surface. Eor they start as it were from a central 
point in the fossil, and radiate in all directions, increasing in width and in their number of tubes. 
The distinction between the two series is readily made, however, for the interradial is usually 
the largest in extent and its tubes are eminently bifurcate and form close reticulations, bend¬ 
ing often suddenly and showing geniculate outlines. Tangential sections further in, even 
although they are less distinct, show that the breadth of the radial and interradial series 
diminishes centrally. 
In one group of the fossils, forming the genus StoUezharia, no trace of the surface- 
pores exists and no vestige of any of them can he distinguished in sections. But in the 
other group forming the genus Syringospliceria, the pores can usually he distinguished in 
some parts of the fossil, besides the surface, especially in tangential sections, as circum¬ 
scribed structureless spaces filled with clear or opaque calcite. It does not appear that the 
tubes which pass out of the pores, at the surface, are restricted to one particular series, and 
they may belong to the radial group, or more frequently to the reticulate or interradial set. 
Badial sections of the fossils show structures wliich correspond to those seen in tangential 
sections, and the morphology of the forms is divisible into two categories. In one, the 
structures consist of numerous conical congeries of bifurcating radial tubes, the apex being 
central and the base at the surface of the body; and of a reticulate tubulation separating 
the cones, joining their external tubes and arising from them. The cones and the inter- 
medial reticulation increase in size towards and at the surface of the body, on which are 
widely or closely-placed tubes passing radially, tangentially, and obliquely. Hence the 
surface of the body presents the ends of the radial tubes and those of the reticulation, and it 
is mainly composed of the tubes which are placed tangentially over the circumference. 
In those types of the Syringosphceridce, where there are eminences with radial tubes 
surrounded hy much space occupied with tuhe-reticulation, the radial sections illustrate the 
structure of the whole admirably. One of these sections may he considered in three parts 
in order to explain the morphology. Near the centre fossihzation confuses the structure, 
hut it appears that a simple tubular structure arises from around a foreign body, such as a 
many-chambered Eoraminifer, or that one tube branches suddenly in every direction. The 
tubes radiate in separate groups, each tube bifurcating frequently as it recedes outwards, 
and there are frequent lateral tubes connecting them together. Hence the mass of tubes 
increases in the number of its tubes, and forms in section a more or less triangular outline, 
the apex being towards the centre of the body. At the same time the tubes of the outside 
of the triangle or longitudinal section of the cone give ofi others which form in part the 
reticulation of the interradial part. This is small at first, but increases in section in the 
middle of the body. 
In the middle of the body, in sections, the radial series is seen to he broader and the 
interradial to form large meshes. Close to the surface of the body, in sections, the radial 
series of tubes is seen to bifurcate to the last, and to open directly on an eminence so far 
as its central tubes are concerned, and many of the outer tubes pass obliquely on the flanks 
and open at the top. The interradial series also opens hy its radial tubes at the surface and 
hy its oblique tubes, but those parallel with the circumference pass over it. (Plate III, Pigs, 
1 , 4 , 6 ). 
