Malaria Control and Discipline (Con't) 
is now a reservoir for other hungry Anopheles to feed upon and thus 
continues the cycle - mosquito to man. ~ man to mosquito - and so on 
ad infinitum. To break up.this combination is the very essence of 
U .*. i.Lo 
traction 
Thus in an elementary way has the life cycle of the par* 
asite within man and mosquito and their dependence on each other 
for survival and perpetuation been presented. The purpose of this 
course of instruction is not only to indoctrinate you in the indi¬ 
vidual and environmental measures of malaria control, but in the 
fundamental principles behind these measures. The more one knows 
about malaria the more effective and intelligent will be his util¬ 
ization of control measures. 
II 
:eTESP T "'"‘ 
Hi UTS OF TIT'S MOSQUITO 
To carefully work out the breeding habits of the Ano¬ 
pheles mosquito was the next big job undertaken. This was done. 
Their choice of breeding places and all factors concerned that con¬ 
tributed favorably or unfavorably to their development was noted. 
It was found that they were fresh water breeders and that they did 
beautifully in clear, slow moving streams with just enough vegetation 
along the edges to afford protection, and that other favorite sites 
were tree stumps, pot holes, rain barrels, fire buckets, tin cans, 
tire tracks, drain ditches, swamps, sloughs and lakes, bore was found 
out about what they liked and what they didn't like such os the sali¬ 
nity of the water, alkalinity, acidity and turbidity. Natural enemies 
were noted such as mosquito fish, duck and smart weed. Extensive re¬ 
search then worked out effective chemicals that could be employed to 
make these breeding places unfit for development. Studies were made 
on the 
flying habits of the adult mosquito and it was found that their 
flight was limited to about a mile - notwithstanding the effect of 
wind» It was furthermore found that the Anopheles was a nocturnal fee¬ 
der, ie, dusk to dawn biter. 
Mosquitoes develop through the following stages. First 
of all are the eggs, then the larvae, then the pupae, and finally the 
'o o 
3 
adult mosquito. The eggs are difficult for the untrained individual 
to recognize, but the larval and pupal forms are relatively easy. 
The larvae are about the si*e of a match head end attach themselves 
to the surface of the water by means of a trumpet or airway near the 
tail and by some whiskers or antennae on the head. The Anopheles larvae 
lie parallel to the surface of the water and can ’ e differentiated 
from other species by this characteristic as the others lie head down. 
The larvae are commonly known as "wrigglers"., 
The pupae look like tiny shrimp and hang tail down from 
the surface of the water in the shape of a comma, ith the adult mos¬ 
quito you are of course all familiar. ' hen the Anopheles comes in for 
■AC/ 
a blood meal she comes in fast, on a zig-zag course and stings the 
instant she hits. In the stringing position the head is down and the 
tail points up. Don't wait for identification - swat them all. 
