MOOllE’S IIURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOWINAL. 
51rt3 & Irinitt. 
ECONOMY or FUEL. 
Philosophy of halt—Open fires compared with stoves 
—Radiatory surfaces — VVarmiufi all creation -— 
Furnaces—Perfect stoves—IToic to get a stove skin. 
If any one would look philosophically at 
the system of using fuel to warm (hvellings, 
as practiced by the whole coimnunity, he 
■would be astonished at the total want of 
economy in its consumption. 
The whole ingenuity of the r/emis, stove 
inventor, seems to be directed to the means 
of tonuringiron into strange' and unheard of 
shapes, and qiieer conceits. There is no at¬ 
tention ])aid to studying the nature and ap- 
plicatio)! of lieat, at any thing like its entire 
ability. Tlie principles of its radiation, or 
its communication of heat, by contact of 
particles and circulation, or the displace¬ 
ment of the cold air by its levity, seems to 
be but little, understood, or at least not act¬ 
ed upon. 
The combustion of fuel in the oj)cn fire 
place, is unquestionably the worst possible 
manner of using it, as to economy; as only 
the radiation of the invisible rays of heat are 
saved and rendered sensible, the lieating by 
contact, is tiifling and mostly passes up the 
flues, and the amount of air that has become 
warmed, equal to ten square leet oi- more, 
rushes up the ehimney per minute, and con¬ 
sequently, the same amount of cold air, must 
take its place to supply the vacuum. 
The same objection applies to open Frank¬ 
lins, only that the sides, back and pipe, ra¬ 
diate heat. Ail of the stove tribe possess an 
economical superiority over the fire j)lace 
and grate, as the}' have si.v sides to gi\'e off 
heat in contact with air. 
The difference in profit and loss, in con¬ 
suming fuel for producing heat, may be 
understood by reference to the following ex¬ 
periments, very carefull}' made in Phila¬ 
delphia, by ordei- of the Philosophical Soci¬ 
ety. The j’adiation of heat was tested by a 
sto\ with difterent lengths of pipe, shewing 
the immense lo.ss by the use of the stove 
and .short ])ipes as generally used. 
S'hcot iron stove with 42 ft of pipe radiatoU 100 parts. 
Do. " do “ KJ ft of do 9o 
Do. “do “ 0 ft of do (57 “ 
Ca.sl iron 10 plato stovr with ol fo<>tof pipi' radiated 
•If) parts. 
Open Franklin stove with .j.] feet of pipe radiated 
;{7 parts. 
Ol)on parlor grate eonslrncted for coal, 18 parts. 
Common fire place, 10 ))arts. 
How often do we sec sinqtle box stoves, 
Avithout a single division, to cause the flame 
to revert—Avith the door and air draft at 
one end, and the pipe at the other, pa.ssing 
directly through the fire-board into the 
chimney, carrying off at lest 8-lOths of the 
heat produced—every possible convenience 
constructed, to giAC the heated air and 
flame <is short tind clear passage to Avaste 
itself in the air, and ostensibly designed, one 
would think, to warm all out doors. And 
yet men Avho are Avise and sensible in other 
respects, will complain of the great e.xpense 
of fuel in house-keeping. 
The most economical manner of Avarming 
houses, is undoubtedly the furnace and j 
heated air principle, and yet they are far 
from having arriA'cd at perfection. 'Hie ma¬ 
kers do not bring to their aid all the means 
foi- radiating the heat they create, that are 
within their reach; a much too great por¬ 
tion is carried off by the smoke pipe, and is 
not sufficiently expanded for heating the air. 
Corrugated, rough and pointed surfaces, ra¬ 
diate double the caloric, that smooth and 
even surfaces do, and copper is nearly three 
times a better conductor than iron. 
A heating process, that Avould expend all 
the heat created by Avood, or coal—canying 
off only the vapor and the carbonic and 
pyioligneous acids—Avould be the perfec¬ 
tion of science; and aa'c have such an one 
in our mind’s eye as near as may be, (till 
pei'petual motion shall be discovered,) Avhich 
Ave shall ere long trouble our readers to 
investigate. 
The cooking stove, as now produced, is 
nearly a perfect article; but the public are 
most thoi'oughly skinned by the thinness of 
the plates—by a semblance Avithoutthc re¬ 
ality. It is true they are low priced in pro¬ 
portion, but the weight of a stove should be 
th(' ci'iterion of A'alue; then if the purchaser 
Avishes the skin without the body, he buys 
Avith his eyes open and only cheats himself, 
in buying a cheap article, and has no cause 
of complaint. 
It is always safe to learn, even from our 
enemies; seldom safe to instruct, even our 
friends. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED ST.VTES PATENT OFFICE, 
THE ADVANTAGES OF MECHANICS’ 
ASSOCIATIONS. 
For the iceek ending January 1850. Hartford Currant has a very good 
To John Bell, of Ilarlcin, in the citv and county . , .. r- i - i 
of New York, N. Y., for improA'ement in Printer’s article upon this subject, from which AVC 
Type Cases. make the folloAving extract. In cities -where 
I confine my claim to grooving the bot- jg gQ nuich temptation to carry aAvay 
toms of type cases for the reception of the rvhicirattract 
nr f.ho *AX\(\ RO.fMlVinO* O 
lower edges of the partitions and securing 
these in them by glue, in the maimer herein 
them to moral and mental cultivation sho’d 
set forth and of modes substantially the be encouraged and fostered: 
same. “ The early education of the children and 
To James Black, of Philadelphia, Pa., for iin- apprentices, luus never been neglected in 
provements in Engines operated b}’ Steam and tpjg city. T’hey are brought up Avith a usc- 
, fid preparation for subsequent life, and are 
To William Bullock, of Pl^ladolphia, 1 a., for flttcd for the ordinary duties they are 
29, 1849. called upon to pcriorm. Hut early cduca- 
, fid preparation for subsequent life, and are 
To William Bullock, of Pl^ladolphia, 1 a., for flttcd for the ordinary duties they are 
improvement in Gram Drills. Ante-dated Get. ,, , „ w s. i j 
29 1849 called upon to pcriorm. Hut early cduca- 
I claim, first, the rollers which seive to ti(3n, important as it is, is not all the training- 
clear the teeth from rubbish and govern the the nsing genet ation icqune. bome- 
depth of the teeth. thing more is necessary than the branches 
Second, the spring in combination with instruction m oin; schools, for the com- 
the sheaves and teeth by Avhich arrange- plcte discipline of cdnldren and apprenffees. 
ment the whole or a nart of the teeth can ’Something should be done for their instruc- 
depth of the teeth. iiecc.(,ctiy tnci.i uie UKumner, 
Second, the spring in combination with instruction m oiir schools, for the com- 
the sheaves and teeth by Avhich arrange- plcte discipline of cdnldren and apprenffees. 
ment the whole or a part of the teeth can ’Something should be done for their mstriic- 
be held by a spring of the same power and don, their continued improvement, after the 
range of moA'ement that it Avould require attendance at school is completed, 
for a sino-le tooth commenced. — 
Tliirdrtlie moveable bar to wbiclrUio It is an idea replete with evilto the youiig 
team is attached, in combination with the tnmd, that educahon is fiiiLshed as soon as 
mode of hanging the teeth by moan of the thveshhold of the school r(»m is passed 
sheaves or other similar dcrice-^ by which the last time. Our educahon is never 
IMTROYiaGiaJTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING SHIP TIMBER.—Figure 1. 
aOHUp arrangement the teethuill pass overobstruc- hmshed but in our graves. The mind is 
I SAWING SHIP IIMBEE.-Fisare 1. hons in which the action of the teamin haul- constantly learning, eoytan ly acqmnng; 
- - ^ in the Drill or Cultivator will bring the teeth “d'fhbjccts of benefit and of profit are 
conepulley.T, on the driving shaft, U, below, forward to their proper place as soon as 
^enrnfig.^. This shaft h?s a bevel pinion, ‘bey pass m-er *0 obstmctions jncilSis, .ml “l “l^t 
S. ffearinofinto R, which driA'CS a shaft coup- -A.nd fouith, the feeding band, substan- , . , , 
This is a va.l-aab]e :macliine, invented by 
Mr. Oliver Wrioht, of this city. It is ad¬ 
mirably adapted to the p-arposes contemplat¬ 
ed by ■ the inventor, iii.: saiving angular, 
bevel and curvilinear faces for ship building 
S, gearing into R, which drAcs 'a shaft coup- And 1 
led to the scrcAv rod, K, Avhich has a bevel pin- tially in 1 
ion on it gearing into P, to drive the other set forth, 
screw rod K, on the other side, to move the ta- To Ash! 
Avith avidity, upon that which is more suited 
to its inclinations, and will acquire that 
Uully iu the manner and for the purpose "'Web f “gv rad- virtue of manhood 
, t , 1 ^ Will hardlv be able to unlearn. T he sou oi 
set forth. , '• j • V VC A c 
T. Aa.i.v rptifivt miH Wooks. of An- youiig miiid IS of _prolific poAver; and, if 
and various other uses. A patent has re- H. Every person acquainted with ma- 
cently been secured by Mr. ^V., as Avill be chineiy Avill understand this. N is a clutch 
seen by reference to the list of patent is- handle, to reverse the motion and turn the 
A n 
To Ashley Crafts and Ebeuezer Weeks, of Au¬ 
burn, Ohio, fot improA'ement in Cultivators. 
We do not claim to be the original in- 
the parent and guardian do not plant within 
lies in another column. 'J'hc accompanying 
table back in the other direction; and O, 
fig. 1, is another handle to move the screw 
We do not claim to be the original in- d the seeds of Airtue, good order and knowl- 
.'cntoi-s of any of the individual parts of 'edge, a noxious crop of weeds and poison- 
ihis wheeled rotary cylindrical Cultivator, aa'iII spring up to produce the 
figures, and subjoined desciiption, aaIII by hand. 'J’liis machine the levers, roller and driving Avlieel, in the 
give the reader an idea of the machine tind is simple, and Avill be easily understood.— manner and for the purpose set foith. 
its operation: 
Figure 1 is a perspective vicAv of the ma¬ 
chine, and figure 2 is a section, shoAving the 
gearing that works the table on Avhich the 
stuff is fed to the saAv, to be mitred to any 
angle. A is a fi-ame, built in any suitable 
Avay. B is tlic shav; it is placed at an angle 
of about 22 i- d(*grecs, iu a common frame, 
•C, and Avoi-kcd by a jiitman, D, secured on 
a crank j)in of the fly-Avheel, E. F' is just 
a handle to shoAv hoAv the power is applied, 
but there is a fast and slack pidly on its shaft 
for a band from an engine or Avater-Avhecl. 
'Phe saAv frame, C, is guided simply up and 
M is an index, to ascertain the angle at 
Fig. 2 . 
but AvhatAvc do chum is the combination of of indolence inimorality and igno- 
the levers, roller and driving Avheel, in the ranee. It is a false idea, that the mmd 
maimoi- and for the purpose set forth. »'•?>■ bes dorment; there is no stationary 
,, . . point, Avhere it may re.st, with neither evil 
To John DuBoLs, of Greensboro’, Ala., for im- , springing up iu it. It is a false 
proveiiient in Cotton Gins. • i x A a ® i • i. • i i i 
To G. W. Eddv, of Waterford, N. Y., for i.n- ^hat its tendencies to industry, and or- 
proveniciit in Car Wheels. dor, and kno^\lcdgc, ^\ ill be voluutary. 
To J. G. Goshon, of Shirlcysburg, Pa., foriin- such is the constitution of the mind and the 
provenient in Smut Machines. construction of the body, that tliei’C scems to 
To Tho.s. Iloyt, of New York, N. Y., for im- be a natural tendency to indolence, to dis- 
provement in Curing Tobacco stems. ^ Order, and to a disrelish from strong mental 
What I claim is the process of curing effort; and it requires constant discipline 
stem or other parts of tobacco with char- and constant oversight, to Avard off the at- 
coal by combining or mixing the two togeth- tacks of constitutioiicd indolence, to prevent 
stem or other parts of tobacco with char- and constant oversight, to Avard off the at- 
coal by combining- or mixing the two togeth- tacks of constitutional indolence, to prevent 
er, substantially in the manner and for the the formation of habits of disorder, and to 
purpose herein set forth. store the mind A\ ith means of thinking- and > 
To W. M. Hughes, of Howard co.. Mo., for the pleasures of knoAvledge. 
improved Ore Waslier. These things arc peculiarly important to 
To Wm. Maguire, Cincinnati, Ohio, for method apprentices, because thcir emjiloymcnts be- 
couiiterbalaucing Sash by means of a heavy unconnected Avith direct mental ilivig- ( 
'fhe stiAv frame, C, is guided simply up and anIucIi the saAv stands, Aiith thc^ table. improved Ore Waslier. Tlicse things arc peculiarly important to 
down, on two nictcil guides, (x G, H is the llieie is one point about it ^^hich is of con- Wm. Maguire, Ciucinnati, Ohio, for method apprentices, beenuse tlicir employiTicnts be- 
moveable table; it is placed upon tAvo mitred siderablc importance, in the accommodation of counterbalancing Sash by means of a heavy , unconnected Avith direct mental invig- 
semi-circular standards, I I, beloAv. This of the table to the thickness of the stuff to . oration, they require special attention, that 
table is made to revolve Above 22-Hogioes be sawed. The table ts low-er ... sawing . To L.^^w. “''J”;,, »f strength of mind should keep pace with 
each Avay, forming a mitre, and it is rcraoA'- planks of fiie inches than of one inch in iu^jpuments. strength of body; and, that all the infor- 
ed by bcA'el gearing, as folloAA's: The semi- thickness. L arc holding dogs on an arm nn.. i? n. nf cn xTr. fAnini. i-Aoiirtn n-hir.ii thr.T nfindrofl in ci-hnnl 
iprovemeiit in connecting cutters to shafts of stlCllgtli of liliiid should kccp pucc With 
ring instruments. strength of body; tiiul, that all the infor- 
To E. G. Pomeroy, of St. Louis, Mo., for im- mation AA'hicli they early ticquircd in school 
rollers, J J, one before and one behind the ‘ This machine is Avell constructed, and per- \Miat I claim is the placing the inner sur- dissipation. Amusement and relaxation 
central one. Inside of these are tAvoscrew Avork Avith oreat speed and cer- series of outer blades, in posi- they till require; but, from the very nature 
eyes or nuts, attached to the semi-circles; in- tions tangential, or nearly so, to their circle of their cmiiloymcnts, it need not be relax- 
to these eyes AA ork two scrcAV rods, K K, * A o } } of rotation, AA’hen they are combined Avith ation of mind, only cessation from Avork.— 
(onc|on each side) the AvhichscreAVrods, Avork- v-ho have given it a trial, and have it m use. inclined inner series of blades, substan- Their amusements should consist in mental 
ing- in the eyes or nuts, move the semi-cir- Taa'O machines of the kind are in successful tially in the manner and for the purpose as employment, in the prosecution of that 
cles, and consequently the table, H. These operation in Rochester, and one in Chitten- herei set forth. Not intending however, Avhich, Avhile it rests the body, may fit the 
scrcAv rods are operated by a band passing .^oo’o. For fui-tlier particulars, address tlic hi limit myself to the exact numbei, pio- niind to grapple, Avitli more energy, the dif- 
fi-om the main shaft above, to a secondary machines or dis- portions^ piisitions and arrangement of the ficidties they must encounter in their en> 
shaft half way doAvn, (not seen) on Avhichis a c ■ m. f o- e i . x dasher blades, as herein described and rep- ployments,andtopreparethcmtotaketheir 
cone'pulley, from Avhich a band passes OA'cr a pose of rights lor their manufacture, Ac. i-esented, but shall vary them to suit the place in society, Avith honor to themselves 
i . diftbrcnt sizes of churns required for ope- and Avitli profit to the Avorld.” 
BTHLDING_.^OCIATIONS. A NEW LIGHT. 1 .pt^p^ ^p^ __ ^ - 
scrcAv rods are operated by a band passing 
from the main shaft above, to a secondary 
shaft half way doAvn, (not seen) on Avhich is a 
inventor, Avho will furnish machines or dis¬ 
cone'pulley, from Avliich a band passes OA'cr a pose of rights for their manufacture, &c. 
BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS. 
NEW LIGHT. 
'I'lic organization of “ Building Associa- 'This is an age celebrated for its “ ncAv I'csults by means substantially the same as 
fions,” is arresting more and more of pub- lights” in almost every thing. There, have those hercin^articularly set forth, 
lie attention. Mr. Bacon, of Utica, a fcAv been many iiiA'cntions and cffscoA'cries pro- To F. Slaitghtor & D. Peri-y,of I‘''i-edcricksl),urgli, 
days since, gave notice in the Assembly, of mulgatcd for lighting cities, none of Avhich, Va., for improvemeut in inacLinery for making 
his intention to bring in a bill for a general | boAvcA'cr, have “ come to any thing.” We t^^otton Cordage. 
hiAV authorizing their incorporation in this have had “ Drummond Lights,” and various James Spratt, of Cincinnau, Ohio, ^ 
State. A general idea of these associations otheis, av hereby it has been ai'iRosi proposed ^ n • 
is given by the Albany Knickerbocker: to superccclo the necessity of the sun, as ta .M.“'l.ta'c?i toTSlSHg 
Building Associations are in successful aftbrding more light, and at a much ciieaper giiingics. 
operation in many cities and villages in this rate! But none of these appear, as yet, to q’o Wm. Wood, of Westport, Conn., for im- 
State. 'Po give the reader an idea of Avhat have superceded the use of gas, Avhich is provement in Maciiines for Cutting Shingles, 
the rent payors might accomplish if they still pertinaciously adhered to in all parts of To O. Wright, of Rochester, N. Y., for improvc- 
COUNSEL TO BOYS. 
y the Albany Knicktabocker: to .superccclo L nccc^ity of the sun, as ne,'l. t SSr; SStai S CSh- teen; » n^d" «edft rthc 
Ind., for improvement m Machinery for- Dressing 
Sliinglcs. 
To Win. Wood, of Westport, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in Maciiines for Cutting Shingles. 
ToO. Wright, of Rochester, N. Y., for improvc- 
were to organize themselves into Associa- the Avorld. Another discovci-}' has recently ment in Mills for sawing irregular forms, 
tions on the basis of the plan under Avhich made its advent, for Avhich great merit is j; claim the mode of raising and loAvering 
these Associations are organized, AVC Avould claimed. At the Ncav York gas consumers’ tabic or platform on tlic segmental 
state that they could become, in from six to meeting, last Aveek, Prof. Grant is reported plates or bars for adapting the same to any 
ten years, the owners of their OAvn dAvell- as having explained a plan by Avhich the thickness of timber to be cut, and kceping 
ings, and cease to pay exorbitant tribute to city could be lighted at a five thousandth tlie middle of the timber, between its top 
capital. A man takes one or more shares part of the expense iioav incurred 
and bottom, ahvays in a line Avith the cen- 
important 
monthly installments, and his dues besides, ' Avas only twenty-five cents. 
—mere trifles to him, because paid in small I A committee of three Avas appoiiite to 
12, 1846. 
Be brisk, energetic, and prompt. 'The 
world is full of boys and men too, whodraAvl 
through life, and decide on nothing for them¬ 
selves, but just draggle one leg after the 
'riiey hardly deserve as much credit as the 
Avoodeii trees, for the trees do all they can, 
in merely groAving, and bctiring only leaves 
and seeds. But these poor, di-aAvling, drag¬ 
gling boys do not turn their capacities to profit 
lialf as far as they might be turned; they are 
unprofitable, like a rainy day in harvest time. 
Now the brisk, energetic boy Avill be* con¬ 
tinually RAvake, not merely with his bodily 
he has to do, he Avill take a pride in doing 
it punctually and Avell, and Avould be 
ashamed to be told Avhat he outrlit to do 
he finds himself under a roof all but his Line. By it the engineer can see three- Di^signs.— To H. L. Shepherd,of Dayton, Ohio, always depending on others; but first-rate 
OAvn. 1 hat Avhich he formerly paid aivay quarters of a mile ahetid and is enabled to for Dciiign for Stove.. boys depend upon themselves, and after 
for rent, now goes for interest to the A^sso- observe the SAVitch pole for half a mile. — KEj,j;vvAr..-To A. Morse, Jr. of Boston, Mass, ^ tcachino-, iiist enough to know what 
elation for the money he has borroAved, in 'The 'expense of that light for four niglits improvement in Capstans, i’atented March . , , , B i further faA'ors of 
is to be done, tlicy ask no further fav^ors of 
any body. Besides, it is a glorioqs thing for 
anybody. Besides, it is a gtorioqs thing lor 
—iiicrc iniics LU HUH, uvouusi; ijcUU HI Siiiciu iv uuiuhuluw LIUvv IVas apinjiiiLv IA.I fr. w-af fliic ni.Khi vviv nf splf-iv‘1innf‘p 
sums—and all going steadily and rapidly to examine this ncAv discovery, and report Doubt.— Doubt is the vestibule through ‘ A i Ruch an one is Avorth 
cxtinguisl, the debt and lealo him il, clear upon it which all must p:,ss before they can enter 
possession of his premises. In a fcAv years, The Professor proposes to funiLsh light into the temple of Avisdom; therefore, Avhen ' , i hi j v j®mids with- 
by this process and by the industiy and at a very cheap nJte, truly. The five thou- avc are in doubt and puzzle out the truth by 
economy it teaches, his Avife and little ones sandth part of $4, the price paid for 1000 our own exertions, avc have gained a some- i^v who Avill do his OAviiAVork 
gather Avith him around their OAvn hearth, cubic feet of gas in New York, is four-fifths thing that Avill stay by us, and Avhich aviU ^ i-^ n ivlthout askino- excent 
Do our readci-s catch the idea? If they of a mill, at Avhich rate, avc take it, it Avould sen'C us again. But it to aA'oid the troub- ^ q ’ur.,mining-anv Question- 
do, and if they feel the interest Avhich Ave be necessary to supply quite a large toAvn, le of the search, avc avail ouijelves of the wiin'ims bis wTts about him LsncA'cr 
think they must feel in a plan having such containing much people, to render the man- superior information of a friend, such know- , , . h u*. h.o o-rass trrow 
a goodly object in perspective, they can ufacture under a patent, A'Ciy profitable.— ledge wdll not remain-with us; Ave haA'C not i ic EppL_ Frtitkpf ^ 
pasilv masstov the deteils of the scheme. Tivffalo Advertiser. . bought but borrowed it. ^ 
But if to avoid the troub- promptly and'well, without asking, except 
we avail ourselves of the once for all, at the begnnmng any question; 
easily master the details of the scheme. ' Buffalo Advertiser. 
