MOOllE’S RIJllAL NEW-YOMER: AN AGRICUJ.TURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
THE NEW-YORKER —INFI.UENCE OF 
NEWSPAPERS, 
Friend Moore: —Your Rural New- 
Yorker comes to me laden with the rich 
fruits of Agriculture, (Science, Literature, 
Art and Religion, and containing a faithful 
epitome of passing events, with an occasion¬ 
al spice of M’it and humour, and seems avcU 
adapted to the wants and tastes of all ’clas¬ 
ses of community in ^Vestcrn New York. 
Wants 1 say, for altliougli tiicre are already 
many excellent and well supported political, 
literary and agricultural publications in this 
section of the (Shite, } et the peculiar com¬ 
bination of (jualitics Avhich your pa])or fur¬ 
nishes was demanded, as is evinced by the 
rapidity with which j'our subscrijition list is 
filling up, and it is also a flattering testimo¬ 
nial that your efforts are duly apjireciated. 
The adage that “variety is the spice of 
life,,” is as well exemplified in the sucess of 
your enterprise, as in the pleasure ivith 
which we contemplate the endless variety 
of objects with which the Creatoi’ has cloth¬ 
ed our terrestrial abode. The same flowers 
are, not always in bloom, the same fruits do 
not always ripen, the earth is not always 
clothed in a mantle of green ; and, although 
the same sun always gives us light, the 
prospect is continually varied by sunshine, 
clouds, and storms. Even the changes of 
J.he seasons are not Avithout their pleasing 
• fleet <>n the mind of man. (So the transi¬ 
tion from one subject to another, l)y grati¬ 
fying a desire inherent in the mind of man, 
causes us to perusi' that with pleasure, which 
uiuhn’ other circumstances might fail to in¬ 
terest us. 
'fhe influence of newpajiers in the great 
scale (T progress and im])rovment, begins to 
be felt and admitted, and the taste Asdiich 
their perusal creates, })artieularly in the 
minds of the young, leads to permanent 
habits of reading and unceasing efforts for 
imnital iinprovement. 1 have often obser- 
\ed that in families Avhei’e no ncAv.spaper is 
taken and read, thci’e is but little taste, in¬ 
telligence. or n'finement. 
'l.'he nmiarkson “at home in the evening” 
in the second number of the “ Rural ” ought 
to be read by (ivery youth in the land.— 
Few realize of lunv much value evenings 
O 
are, and jiarticularly Avinter evenings. Any 
person may bc'come well informed and even 
learned simjdy, by a ])ropcr employment of 
j,hc^yemi^r hours. Many avRa are igno¬ 
rant of passing events and do not take a 
neAvsjiaper, because they have no time to 
read, find time to lounge around stores and 
taverns tAvo or three hours daily, srpiander- 
ing time and annoying others. 
1 occasionally meet individuals Avho will 
not take an agricultural publication, (thank 
fortiini; there arc but fcAV such,) because, 
as they .say, “l)Ook farming Avill nun any 
man.” They thus lose the benefits of the 
<li.scovcries and experience of others, and 
treat all imjirovcments as innoAcafions. 
Ahibama, N. V., 1850. w. b. k. 
PRIZE FOR AN ESSAY ON APPLICATION OF 
MECHANICS TO AGRICULTURE. 
At the recent meeting of the Shite Ag¬ 
ricultural Society, a Report Avas presented 
and read by Mr. Delaficld, (Vice President) 
on essays, cxjieriments and Avorks for schools. 
Mr. Dtdafield remai-ked that the science of 
Force and ^Motion avius essential and impor¬ 
tant tr» the perfection of the farmer’s Avork 
—that some knoAvledge of practical mechan¬ 
ics Avas necessary to the right understand¬ 
ing of the, tools used in cultivating the earth, 
tlieir uses, strength and proper construction: 
that fhe forces of fluids as Avell as solid.s, 
AA'cre. u.seful, and needed his study, as facili¬ 
tating operations in draining, in inigation 
and protecting his soil from injury by lain- 
ning streams:— that the common occupa¬ 
tion of loading Avagons and other fai'in opc- 
raiion.s, evidence the need of knoAA'ledge of 
t he laAA's of gravity; Avith these impressions, 
it Avas urged tluit a premium be offered for 
the best essay on Mechanics, on the science 
•)f l^'orce and Motion, to be divested as far 
as practicable of technicalities, and illustra¬ 
ting the importance of this branch of science 
in prog Acuting successfully the ordinary pur¬ 
suits of agricultim'. 
We learn that the society determined, at 
a subsequent meeting, to offer a premium 
as r(jcommended. 
Lkmo.n Pies. — In this year of scarcity of 
fruit, it may be desirable to know that a 
good pie can be made simply of lemon and 
mola.sses. lYess out the juice of a lemon 
into two teacups full of mohisses, grate in 
the drfcd peal of anothei-, cover a plate Avith 
a layer of crust, spread over some of the* 
mixture, lay on a thin crust, spread another 
layer of the mixture, and over that lay a top 
crust; bake thoroughl}'’, and you Avill have 
an excellent and wholesome pie. One lem¬ 
on Avill make two pies. 
MAN AND THE SOIL. 
The following article is from the pen of 
M. Guizot, late Prime Minister of France, 
and is more republican in its tendencies 
than we could have anticipated from the pen 
of Guizot. We liaA^e never seen the «»ior- 
do7ni, as the forerunner of amo7'-patrice, 
more beautifully expressed than in the fol- 
loAving; and although Ave do not profo.ss to 
cater to the poetical tastes of our readers, 
still Ave cannot forego its repubiication. We 
copy from the Weekly Democrat. 
“ Moveable property, or capital, may pro¬ 
cure a man all tl ;, adAantages of Avealth; 
but property in lands gives him much more 
than tlii-^ ..t gives him a jilace in the do¬ 
main '.0 AA'oiid—it unites his life Avith 
the 1 I-0 animates all creation. Money 
is an :■>' ent by Avhich man can procure 
the saii b- ion of his Avants and desire.s.— 
Landed )Moperty is the establishment of man 
as soA ereign in the midst of nature. It sat¬ 
isfies not only his Avants and desires, but 
ta.stes, deeply implanted in his nature. For 
his family it creates that domestic country 
called home, Avith all the living sympathies, 
and all the future hojies and projects Avhich 
jjcojile it And Avhilst property in land is 
more constant than any other to tlie nature 
of man, it also affords a field of activity the 
most faA'orable to his moral development— 
the most suited to insjiire a just sentiment 
of his nature and powers. In almost all the 
other trades and professions, Avhether com¬ 
mercial or scicmtific, success appears to de¬ 
pend solely upon himself—on liis-talents, 
address, jirudence and vigilance. In agri¬ 
cultural life, man is constantly in the pres¬ 
ence of God and of his poAver. Activity, 
talent, prudence, and vigilance, are as ne- 
cessarv here as olseAvhci-e to the success of 
his label's, but they are no less insufficient 
than they arc necessary. It is God Avho 
rules the seasons and the temperature, the 
sun, and the rain, and all those phenomena 
of nature Avhich determine the success or 
the fiiilure of the labors of inan on the soil 
AAdiieh he cultivate.s. ’There is no pride 
Avhich can resist this dependence, no ad¬ 
dress Avhich can escape it. Nor is it only 
a sentiment of humility as to his ])OAver over 
his OAvn destiny Avhich is thus inculcated 
upon man; he learns, also, tranquility and 
patience.. lie cannot flatter himself that 
the most ingenious invention, or the most 
restless activity Avill insure his success; Avhen 
he has done all that depends upon him for 
the cultivation and fertilization of the soil, 
he must A\'ait Avith resignation. The more 
profoundly Ave examine the situation in 
Avhich man is placed by the possession and 
cultivation of the soil, the more do av'c dis¬ 
cover liOAv rich it is in salutai'y lessons to 
his reason, and benign influences on his 
character. Men do not analyze these facts, 
but they luiA’e an instinctive sentiment of 
them Aviiich poAverfully contributes to that 
j)cculiar respect in aaIucIi they hold proper¬ 
ty in land, and that to the preponderance 
Avhich that kind of property enjoys over ev¬ 
ery other. This preponderance is a natu¬ 
ral, legitimate and salutary fiict, Avhich, es¬ 
pecially in a great country, society at large 
lias a strong interest in recognizing and 
respecting.” 
KICKING COWS. 
I’nEKE are probably but feAv ])er.sons Avho 
have kept coavs that have not experienced 
more or less inconvenience from the “kick¬ 
ing caII” a. Aiscious, untameable animal 
is of little value to its OAvner as a milker, 
and unless some method can be devised to 
cure hei' of her Alsciou.s propensity, or pre¬ 
vent her exercising it, the better Avay is to 
fatten her and place her in a tub. 
’Phe folloAving, Avhich Ave cut from an ex¬ 
change, may be effectual; its re-publication 
can do no harm, even if it do no good : 
“Mana(!in<} Kicking Coavs.—T ake a 
piece of rope about tAvo feet in length, and 
tie or splice the two ends together, so as to 
form a loop. Double up, by bending the 
fore leg on the milking side of the coaa', and 
slip the loop over the knee. 13y this means 
she Avill necessarily have to stand on three 
legs, and Avill not be able to kick.” Such 
remedies, however, it may be observed are 
attended Avith considerable trouble, and un¬ 
less the animal is a remarkably valuable one, 
Ave should prefer beefing or SAvapping her. 
Kind treatment will do much toAA^ard curing 
this evil, and if the milker, instead of flying 
into a passion and beating the animal, Avill 
endeavor to soothe and quiet her, she Avill 
soon become gentle, and allow her milk to 
be druAvn without tr<.»uble. Whenever a cow 
kicks, it is well to examine the teats and ud¬ 
der, as the evil frequently arises from an 
intumescence or soreness of those jiarts, oc¬ 
casioned by sudden cold or exposure, or be¬ 
ing compelled to lay Avithout jirotection on 
the cold gi'ound, Avhen the Aveather is damp 
or AV(‘t. Many valuable animals are ruined 
in this Avay. 
Tup: best cure for Ioav spirits is business. 
One half the melancholy that you run 
agansit is caused by indolence and feather 
beds. I'he best fun in the Avorld is activity. 
SELECTION OF SEEDS. 
We copy from the Urbana Gazette the 
following useful remarks on the all-impor¬ 
tant subject to the farmer of the scletion of 
seeds: 
The Avinter is a faA'orable time for farm¬ 
ers to kx)k around them, and procure, or 
look up neAV and improved varieties of seed 
roots, .scion.s, Ac., for future use. In this 
Avay one may, in a very short time, greatly 
increa.se the income of hi.s farm, for no fact 
in vegetable physiology is more strongly 
and incontroA'crtably established than that 
seeds, planted or cultivated during a scries 
of many years, AA'ill depreciate, or in farm¬ 
ing technolog}', “run out” I am not, neith¬ 
er is any one capable of determining accu¬ 
rately, by Avhat strange influences this re¬ 
sult is effected or brought about; but fi^- 
quent experience has convinced me that 
seeds and vegetables brought from a dis¬ 
tance invariably succeeded much better 
than those that have become familiarized to 
the soil, and that, consccjuently, a change 
every three or four years, at farthest, even 
of the same A'arieties, is invariably judicious, 
and productive of the best results. 
In the spring of 1838, I had a variety 
of early potatoc.s, Avhich had so nearly run 
out, that I had, nothwithstanding my desire 
to continue their cultivation, concluded to 
throAV them by. A friend, hoAvever, to 
Avhom T had presented some of them a few 
yeai-s antecedently, and Avhose residence 
was some eight or ten miles oft’, chanced to 
come along, and suggested tlui propriety of 
an e.xchange. To this proposition I AA'illing- 
ly acceded, and the resylt avjis a most beau¬ 
tiful crop to both. ’I’lie same takes place 
Avith corn, bean.s, Avheat, rye, oats, barley, 
pumpkin.s, and indeed most of vegetables. 
Even a change from one description of soil 
to another, on the same farm, is productive 
of this faA'orable result. In the selection 
of seed a farmer cannot be too circumspect, 
as he is perpetually liable to b<' deceRed 
and led into eri-or by spunous appearancers. 
The humbugging system is, at present, the 
order of the day, and if Ave suft’er ourselves 
to be deluded and carried about by every 
Avind of doctrine, our profits from farming 
AA'ill be limited indeed. 
It is alAvays a good plan, Avhen, by any 
means, Ave have succeeded in obtaining a val¬ 
uable variety, to preserve and propagate its 
deserving qualities. This may be easily ac¬ 
complished by selecting, eveiy autumn, the 
bestand most perfectly dcA'cloped specimens 
of the crop. In this Avay, by the exercise 
and skill in cultiv'ating, avc may in a feAv 
years bring it to almost any degree of ex¬ 
cellence desired. EA'ery farmer must have 
noticed that in every kind of crop there are 
some A'arieties Avhich are earlier matured 
than others, i^'hese ought invariably to be 
selected to propagate from. Wliatever may 
be the character or nature of the crop, this 
})rinciple systoinatically adopted and pratic- 
cd, Avill, in the end produce the be.st results. 
The same holds good in relation to farm 
stock. 'J'o select the be.st, most symmetrical, 
and most valuable animals for the market 
or the shambles. Is necessarily to degenerate 
and stultify the breed, Avhereas a contrary 
coui-se, Avill, in a short period, produce an 
improvement Avhich it is not possible in any 
other Avay to produce. No judicious and 
intelligent breeder Avill ever be unmindful 
of this important principle, for by attention 
to its dictates avc shall assuredly be gainers 
in the end. 1 f Ave have become dissatisfied 
Avith any particular kind, or by injudicious 
management have so far dejireciated it, that 
its yield AA'hen carefully cultiA'ated, scarcely 
remunerates us for the labor and expense 
we bestow upon it, noAv is the time to sup¬ 
ply its place by a more valuable article, and 
one that Avill better reAvard our toils. 
A farm stocked Avith the best animals, 
and producing the most valuable fruits, 
grains, and vegetables to be found in this 
country, and cultivated on the most enlight¬ 
ened, successful, and scientific principles, 
Avould be an object of Avonder Avorth con¬ 
templating. In some period of that futuri¬ 
ty, Avhich to this pco]ile is so rich in glorious 
promises, such objects Avill be common; of 
this the past is elocjuent in promises, the 
present a pledge that these promises shall 
be ultimatety fulfilled. Agriool.a. 
Scalding Milk to .make Rutter.— Mr. 
Editor :—As I liavc frequently received 
much information from reading" the PIoav- 
man, I feel desirous to give to the public 
through your valuable paper one or two 
facts. And fii'st, how to make butter in 
Avinter. 
Take the milk from the Cow, and strain 
it into a kettle, scald it quite hot, (not boil,) 
turn it into tin pans and set it Avhere it Avill 
not freeze; when the cream is risen, skim 
as usual. Reforc churning, Avarm the cream 
])roperly, say 00 degrees. In this Avay, I 
churaed last Aveek, in tvielve rahiutes, 23 lbs. 
of excellent butter. 
The second fact. TIoav to relieve a Coav 
or Ox Avhen choked. Give a pint of stroiif/ 
soup suds. This may be done by putting 
it in a junk bottle. In this Avay, I saved a 
valuable coav, a feAv days since. She Avas 
badly choked Avith a Turnip. 
Mr. Editor, I admire to read short sen¬ 
tences in the PloAvman, and to the point. 
Farmei-s genei-ally deal in simple, unadorn¬ 
ed, j)lain English.'— Ma.ss. PlowmuTi. 
WINTER PLOWING. 
As there arc many times during Avi li¬ 
ter, Avhen the ground may be ploAvcd Avith¬ 
out injury, therefore, if you have any stiff 
clayey fields that you intend for spring crop.s, 
you should seize every opportunity through 
the Avinter, when the ground is not wet, to 
have such liclds AV'ell ploAved, taking care to 
lap the fui'rows, so as to ensure the Avatcr 
Avhich may fall, to find drains beneath them 
to carrv it off. Ry attention to this recom¬ 
mendation, you AA'ill, through the action of 
the frost, have the tenacity of such clay soils 
broken doAvn, and the texture greatly im¬ 
proved, ns there is nothing, except the apjili- 
cation of largo qualities of coarse 7)xunuTe, 
marl or lime, better’’ calculated than expij- 
siire to Avintcr freezings and thaAving.s, to (T- 
fcct this object, than Avintcr ploAving, Avlien 
effectually done, at a time Avhen the land is 
not saturated Avith Avater. If jdowed Avhen 
AA'Ct, your object Avill not only be defeated, 
but the soil Avill remain in bad condition 
throughout the sca-son.—Awi. Farmer. 
Surface Draining.— E.xaniineyour sur¬ 
face drains in your grain fiehls, and be care¬ 
ful to have all impediments to the free pas¬ 
sage of the Avater, removed, as there is noth¬ 
ing Avhich more tends to prevents the whiter 
killing of your grain, than tin; keeping of it 
free from flooding through the Avintcr and 
early .spring. KiiO}) your grain beds dr}', 
and the danger of its being killed is but 
trifling. With deeji tillage and Avell-con- 
structed surface drains, you Avill be able to 
avoid loss from this cause.— Ih. 
Working Stock. — As these generous 
creatures have to perform their labor at 
this seiLson, through every degree of inclem¬ 
ent weather, they should be aa'cII fed, com¬ 
fortably lodged in good straAV bedding, cur¬ 
ried or combed tAvice a day, be Avell rubbed 
doAvn Avitli a brush or Avisp of straAA', be 
watered thrice a day, before each meal, and 
receive an allowance of salt, or one of a mix¬ 
ture of salt, lime and ashes, at least tAvice a 
Aveek. We prefer the mixturii of salt, lime 
and ashes, to salt alone, and oyster-shell lime 
to that made from lime-stone, for the .sim¬ 
ple reason that there is nearly tAvo per cent, 
of phosphoric acid in the former, a thing 
very es.sential Avhen combined with lime, 
and forming, in fact, bone earth, to replace 
the daily Avear and tear of the bones of the 
animal.— I h. 
Fencing.— Have you had all the posts 
and rails cut, Avhich you think you may need 
through the year ? If not, send your for¬ 
ces into the woods, have the trees felled, 
hav'e your posts and rails, in the rough, 
hauled into your barnyard and piled up.— 
When there, you should occupy the time of 
your hands in all bad Aveather, in fashionin,^ 
the posts, morticing the necessary holes i^ 
tliem, and pointing the rails, in order link, 
as soon as the frost is out of the ground in 
spring, you may go to Avork Avith a Avill, put 
up any neAV line of fence needed, make the 
necessary repairs to the old. When Ave tell 
you that you should ahvays have fencing 
stufl’ ready for use, we speak from an expe¬ 
rience of years, Avhich was not gained'Avith¬ 
out cost— I h. 
Gates. — If the entrance to your fields is 
through that troublesome, time-eating con¬ 
trivance called bars, substitute them by 
gates. Those upon the rotary principle are 
preferable.— Ih. 
OLD PLASTER FOR MANURE. 
We don’t mean Pla.ster of Paris or Gyp¬ 
sum, but the plaster or mortar obtained 
from the Avails of old buildings. Plast(;r of 
Paris is Sulphate of l^ime; its action on the 
soil has been explained, by supposing that 
the carbonate of ammonia contained in rain • 
water for the clouds, is decomposed b}' it 
and two new salts are formed, the sulphate 
ammonia and carbonate of lime. Gypsum 
and lime are beneficial AV'hen applied to 
some soils and on othei-s they seem to have 
but little effect; the reason of this is diffi¬ 
cult to explain. Plaster or mortar, Avhen 
first applied to the walls of buildings, con¬ 
sists of quick lime recently slacked and 
mixed Avith sand. The lime is soon changed 
by the action of the atmosphere into a car¬ 
bonate, and afterAvards, by a gradual pro¬ 
cess, the nitrate of lime is formed. It is 
this that gives to the lime its fertilizing ef¬ 
fects as a manure. In France, plaster from 
old buildings is used in manufacturing salt¬ 
petre, which is obtained from it by lixiva- 
tion. The nitrates of soda, lime, and pot¬ 
ash are all excellent manures. ’V\to have 
seen plaster applied to peach trees Avith ben¬ 
eficial results; it seemed to answer the pur¬ 
pose better than any other manure. 
Roiling Potatoes. — A correspondent 
of the London Times says:—“The folloAv- 
ing method of dres.sing potatoes Avill bo 
found of great use Avhen skins ai'c tough 
and potatoes are watery. (Score the skin of 
the potato Avith a knife lengtliAvise and 
across, (|uito around, and then boil the po¬ 
tato in plenty of Avater and salt, v.'ith the 
skin on. The skin readily cracks Avhen it 
is scored, and lets out the moisture, which 
otherAvisc renders the potato soaky and Avet. 
The impjovement to bad potatoes by this 
method of boiling them is very great; and 
all who have tried it, find a great advantagi; 
in it, noAV that good potatoes arc very diffi¬ 
cult to be obtained.” 
MANAGE MENT OF BEES. 
As the days are becoming longer, and i 
occasionally more mild, bees require extra | 
care, else they Avill come out on Avarm days ' 
and becoming chilled by cold winds, they < 
Avill fall upon the snoAv and perish; for they 
are suddenly affected by the cold snoAV, and 
cannot recovei-. 
The most simple mode of preventing this 
evil, is to shade the hive; then the bees ' 
AA'ill usually keep Avithin, until it is Avarm 
enough for them to go at largi; Avithout dan- j 
ger. In a warm location, the sun will often 
strike Avith considerable force upon a hive, ) 
which Avith the natural heat of the sAvarm, j 
AA'ill make the hive so AV'arm that, the bees 
Avill be induced to come out when they are 5 
unable to endure the cold winds. ' 
Without regard to the loss of bees in this < 
Avay, it is far better to keep them shaded in • 
Avinter, to avoid the extremes between cold J 
nights and the Avarm .sun of noonday. Ry J 
keeping them in an equilibrium of temper- < 
ature, as far as possible, the bees Avill be in < 
a more Jiealthy state; and, as they Avill lie j 
dormant, they Avill consume far less honey | 
than AA'ill be required Avhen they are occa- < 
sionally active. ( 
Ry vi'^’ exact experiments, in A'vcighing [ 
bee-hives Aveokly, Ave have found that a ' 
SAvarm Avould consume honey much faster < 
in July or August, in time of .severe drought I 
when the lloAvers afforded no honey, than in ' 
the coldest months of Avinter. ' 
W(j have jnit feeble swarms of bees, that i 
had only a feAv pounds of honey, into a cel- i 
lar, early in Avinter, and let them remain till | 
spring, Avhen the Aveather was sufficiently ' 
Avarm for them to go abroad; and the dib ! 
ference in the Aveight ol' the hive, at the | 
time of putting it into the cellar and taking | 
it out, Avits not jR'.rceptible, Avithout Aveighing. 
Rees require attention, but they arc often ! 
neglected. A I’riend of ours had seven 
hives of beii.s, (jarly in AA'inter, Avhich he put 
into a closet, in a central part of the house, 
Avhere the temperature Avas nearly even, 
and they Avere all in good condition in the 
spring. I’he same season, another ajiiarian 
had six hives, Avhich stood out in a shed, 
open at the south, exposed, during the Avin¬ 
ter, to occasional hot sun, cold Avinds, and 
the most rigorous cold by night, and one 
extreme often folloAving another in rapid 
succession. The consequence of this im¬ 
providence AA'RS, a loss of one half of the 
SAvarms.— New England. Farmer. 
ANNEALED WIRE FOR FEIiCES. 
I'he editor of the Agriculturist remarks: 
“ In a convemation with Mr. Grant, of fan- 
ning-mill notoriety, he remarked that im- 
nealed Avire never rusts. He stated that he 
had noAV a, Avire screen to a cellar window, 
Avhich has been very much exposed, on the 
north side of the house, for 13 yeans, and 
until the chestnut frame is quite rotten, 
Avhile the Avire, although of No. IG, and 
never painted, is sound and good. He re¬ 
marks the same fact in regard to wire used 
for fanning-mill seives. 'V^’^e also have some 
experience to the same. 
In putting up some Avire. around a poul- 
tiy yard, to prevent the foAvls from flying 
over the pickets, (Avhich, by the by, Avere 
only 4 1-2 feet high, Avith two Avires above, 
and answered a good purpose,) avc used 
a bright wire. I'his rusted off, and failed 
entirely in one sea.son. We then used an¬ 
nealed Avire, Avhich although much finer, is 
still sound and good, after three years' use. 
Mr. Grant’s opinion, corroboated by our 
OAvn ex])orience, is, that annealed Avire ex¬ 
posed to the atmosphere, does not rust, at 
least, not enough to destroy it, and that it 
is a better preventive than gaL'anized, or 
• any other process. 
This important fact shoidd be borne in 
mind by all aa'Iio are intending to build Avire 
fence.” 
KEEP ING H ENS. 
Mr. J. M. M.\son, of OrAvel, Vt, usually 
Avinters two hundi-ed hens. His practice 
is, to buy pullets in the Avinter. They cost 
about tAvelve and a half cents each. They 
are fed in a gi-eat degree on muttoii. Mr. 
M. buys sheep in the fall at low prices— 
about Avhat their pelts and talloAV are worth. 
The carcasses are boiled, the talloAv saved, 
and the flesh and bones, after being alloAved 
to freeze, are kept till .spring,— a suitable 
portion being fed to the hens daily. They 
are allowed, in addition to the meat, a little 
corn, oats, or buckwheat. They lay well 
through the Avinter — comfortable quarters 
being provided for them —^and continue to 
jiroduce eggs in abundance till June. It is 
found most profitable to sell the Avhole stock 
at this period, as they are generally fat, and 
' will bring from tAA'cnty to tAventy-five cents 
a piece. If kept through the summer, they 
lay but little in the Avarm months, the eggs 
Avill keep but a short time, the fowls groAV 
poor in moulting, and if kept another year 
Avill not lay as Avell as young ones. Mr. M. 
keeps hens only, and is inclined to think he 
' obtains as many eggs, and that they keep 
' better. As to varieties, he has tried several, 
‘ and thinks the top-hwts Avill generally lay 
rather more eggs the first season; but their 
’ carcasses are of less value than most other 
^ hens. _ 
The only riches is a clear, uncorrupt- 
cd, aiiil honorable independence. 
