MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAI. AND PAMIIY JOURNAL 
A6BICULTURAL BESOXJRCES OF CALIFOBNIA. 
Bayard Taylor, the poet, is noAv in 
California, and corresponds with the N. Y. 
Tribune. His letters are interspersed with 
valuable information, as witness the follow¬ 
ing extract from one of them: 
“ Capt. Fisher, who is married to a Cali- 
^ fornian lady and has lived many years in the 
country, has one'of the finest ranches in the 
valley, contiiining four S(piarc leagues of 
land, or about 18,000 acres. There are 
upon it eighteen streams or spring.s, two 
Sortitultural lepartranif. 
di- 
PIANTING SHADE TREES. 
l> 
small orchards, and a vineyard and garden. 
He pru-chased it at auction about three 
years ago for $3,000, which Avas then con¬ 
sidered a high price, but within a month he 
has been offered $80,000 for it. I awts 
glad to find, from the account he gave me 
^ of his OAvn experience as a farmer, that my 
j first impressions of the character of Cali- 
> fornia as an agricultural country, Avere fully 
S justified. The barren, burnt appearance of 
I the plains at this season of the year has 
> mislead many persons as to the value of the 
} countiy, in tins respect From all quarters 
) one may hear complaints of the torrid heat 
; and arid soil under Avhich large rivers dry 
up and vegetation almost entirely disap¬ 
pears. The possibility of raising good crops 
) of any kind is vehemently denied, and the 
( bold assertion made that the greater part 
of California is worthless, except for gra- 
^ zing purposes. Capt Fisher informed me, 
hoAvever, that there is no such Avheat coun- 
J try in the Avorld. Even Avith the imper- 
j feet plowing of the natives, which does lit- 
i tie more than scratch up the surface of the 
ground, it produces a hundred fold. Not 
only tliis, but, Avithout further culti\'ation, a 
large crop springs up on the soil the second 
and sometimes even the third year. Capt. 
F. kneAV of a ranchero avIio soAved tAventy- 
five fanegas of Avheat, from which he har¬ 
vested 1,020 fanegas. The second year he 
gathered from the same ground 800 fane 
gas, and the third year 000. The unva- 
rying dryness of the chmate after the rains 
have ceased preserves grain of all kinds 
from rot, and perhaps, from the same cir 
. cumstance, the Hessian fly is unknoAvn.— 
The mountain sides, to a considerable ex¬ 
tent, are capable of yielding fine crops of 
wheat, barley, and rye, and the very sum¬ 
mits and ravines on Avhich the Avild oats 
^OAv so abundantly Avill of course give a 
richer return when they have been trav¬ 
ersed by the plow.” 
The gold to be found in California will 
have to be searched for with a ploAV', after 
all. There’s plenty of the precious metal 
in Western NeAv York, on the same terms. 
JoniMtit (©tonoimj. 
) BRUSHING AND PRESERVING CLOTHES. 
j If Avoolen clothing is very dusty, hang it 
! on a “ horse ” or line, and beat it Avith a 
: small rod or cane. Lay it on a clean board 
or table, and brush it well, first Avith a stiff 
brush, in order to remove the spots of mud, 
if any, and the coarsest of the dirt, and 
then with a softer one, to remove the dust 
and properly lay the nap. If the clothes 
are wet and spotted with dirt, dry them be¬ 
fore brushing, and then rub out the spots 
Avith the hands. The hard brush should 
be used as little as possible, and then Avith 
a light hand, as it Avill, if roughly and con¬ 
stantly employed, soon render the garments 
threadbare. 
Should there be spots of grease or tallow 
on the clothes, hold a piece of ignited pa¬ 
per, a hot iron, or a coal of fire, directly over 
them, .sufficiently near as not to scorch the 
cloth, and they Avill immediately disappear 
by evaporation; or, lay a piece of thick, 
broAvn paper over the spot, and press it Avith 
a hot iron. If the oil or grease stains the 
paper, put on another piece, and repeat the 
operation till it ceases to become soiled. 
After the clothes are brushed, they should 
be hung up in a clean place,free from dust; 
if intended to remain unused for some time, 
they should be laid aAvay on the shelves of 
the clothes press or wardrobe, the place of 
Avhich should ahvays be in the driest situa- 
Uon possible, as otherAvise they Avould not 
only acquire an unpleasant smell, but grad¬ 
ually become mouldy and rotten. 
Becipe for Good House Soap, (fee._ 
Having lately returned from the sea shore, 
where the housekeeper had but tAventy 
bushels of ashes, he informed me that he 
made a barrel of superior soft soap Avith 
ten bushels^f clam shells burnt, added to 
the above quantity of ashes. Clam shells 
not only make good soap but the Avhitest 
and the best cement, and the best of lime 
for mortar and AvliiteAvash for ceilinga_ 
^eio JiJngland Farmer. 
UiiE American Fruit Culturist—C ontaining ...- 
rections for the Propagation and Culture of Fruit 
1 rees in the Nursery, Orchard aud Garden; with 
descriptions of the principal American aud For¬ 
eign varieties cultivated in the United States.— 
iiy John J. Thomas. Illustrated with 300 accu¬ 
rate figures. Published - by Derby, Mii.ler & 
(.0., Auburn, N. Y. 1849. 12 mo.—410 pages. 
Fruit Culture is deservedly receiving 
great ottenlion throughout the country._ 
The Avorks Avritten and published on the 
subject not only prove its general impor¬ 
tance, but tend to render this branch of ru¬ 
ral production more pleasant and profitable. 
Hence eveiy new book on this topic, from 
a con-ect and reliable source, must add to 
the comfort and wealth of our people_and 
such an one is “The American Fruit Cul¬ 
turist.” It is plain, concise, practical—just ^ 
such a Avork as Avas demanded by the great 
mass of cultiA’ators. A large amount of in¬ 
formation is given, in a condensed form; 
and the reader is saved the trouble of ex¬ 
amining, and the expense of purchasing, 
pages devoted to theory and circumlocution. 
On this point the editor of the Prairie Far¬ 
mer uses the folloAving language, Avhich Ave 
fully endorse: 
“Among all the writers on fruits, Ave do 
not knoAAT of one Avho .is Mr. Thomas’ supe¬ 
rior, if his equal, in condensing important 
matter. He gets right at the pith of the 
thing—he gives you that Avhich you Avish 
to knoAV, at once; stripped of all useless bilk 
and twattle. No man has a keener eye for 
the best ways of doing things, Avhich seems 
to be a sort of Quaker inheritance of his. 
Hence aa^ ahvays look into his Avritings Avith 
the assurance that we shall find something 
neAv, or some improvement on the old; and 
we are seldom disappointed. 
Thi.s book is no exception. It is full. _ 
There is no vacant space in it. It is like a 
fresh egg—all good, and packed to the shell. 
Should any one a.sk Avhich is the better 
book—this or Mr. DoAvning’s? as nine of 
every ten men Avould be sure to do—Ave 
would reply, that there is room on our 
shelves for both. The plan of the two books 
is different Mr. Downing’s work is more 
full and general; this more condensed and 
particular. His is designed for universal 
circulation; this for the practical culturist 
Perhaps such a person will find in some 
book of the same size, for the same price, 
more information suited to his Avants. If so,' 
we Avould be glad to see it” 
A careful examination of this Avork has 
conA inced us of its great value and superi¬ 
ority as a practical guide to fruit groAvers. 
The topics introduced are numerous, yet all 
ai-e discussed ably and concisely. We cor¬ 
dially commend it to both practical and am¬ 
ateur cultivators. 
For sale at the bookstores in this city, and 
by booksellers generally throughout the 
country. Price, $1. 
APPLES WITHOUT SEED OR CORE. 
Friend Moore Isend you what Avith us 
here, in the valley of the Mohawk, is quite a 
curiosity—apples having no core or seeds. 
They were grown on the farm of Mr. Da¬ 
vid Ackerman, in the town of Columbia, 
Herkimer Co. The tree is some eight or 
ten years old, and has, for a number of 
years, borne fruit that Avas natural — hav¬ 
ing the full complement of seeds, <fec, The 
past season the tree bore five or six bush¬ 
els of fruit, and half of it (grown upon one 
side of the tree by itself,) was of the kind 
sent you. The tree has never been grafted 
as I learn, but the fruit is very palatable. 
The portion of apples having seeds are 
more full about the centre, giving the ap¬ 
pearance of a round apple; all those Avith¬ 
out seeds are long and straight 
Are such things of frequent occurrence ? 
Can any cause be assigned lor tliis depart¬ 
ure from the usual course of nature ? 
Mohawk, N. Y., Feb., 1850. h. c. w. 
The apples above described can be seen 
at this office. They are novel in shape and 
appearance, as Avell as in other respects._ 
They are quite oblong, perfectly firm through 
the centre, and have a peculiar sub-acid fla¬ 
vor. Friend W. has our thanks for the 
novelty; and we refer his questions to those 
Avho are posted up on the subject. 
It is to be regi-etted that the first settlers 
of this finely Avoodedcountiy did not take 
l^ore pains to preserve in their proper pla¬ 
ces, suitable shade trees of that command¬ 
ing size and beauty, not noAV to be attained, 
if at all, save at great expense of time and 
labor. Yet it was hardly to be expected 
that the hardy pioneers, Avho looked upon 
the forest as an army to be subdued and 
conquered, Avould be inclined to shoAV much 
mercy to their scattering prisoners, Avhich 
could be saved from the fire, their service¬ 
able, yet vindiefiv'e ally, only by an exertion 
of clemency for Avhich they had neither 
taste, time, nor inclination. 
The proper season for tran-splanting Avill 
)n an-ive, when, in a measure, can be 
supplied those vacant places around our 
dAvellings and OAit-buildings — along our 
lanes and roadsides. Let every one Avho 
has such a place unoccupied, plant there a 
tree, in a workmanlike manner, and he Avill 
never regret it. 
One cannot imagine a more lonelv and 
unhomelike looking object than a house sit- 
xiatcd on a bare plain, Avithout the protec¬ 
tion and embellishment of trees. Let its 
architectural pretensions be Avhat they m_ay, 
it can never appear like a dAvelling for civ¬ 
ilized and tasteful people, until adorned by 
appropriate trees and shrubbeiy. 
The forests furnish many beautiful trees, 
suited to the different soils and localities, 
and Ave think by intermingling several kinds 
a more tasteful appearance Avill be given, 
than by having but one, hoAvever beautiful. 
I he Aveeping elm, the different A'arieties of 
the maple, the tulip-tree or AvhitCAvood, pine, 
and spruce, and the chestnut, cannot be 
celled for general use, by the most approved 
foreign varieties. The tulip, and linden 
tree.s, with their large, tropical looking leaves 
and the fimt, with its splendid floAvers_ 
supply, in a measure, the Avant of adapta¬ 
tion to the climate of those trees Avhich 
make a Southern laAvn so splendid; and we 
certainly have no excuse for neglecting tlie 
best Ave can attain, because other lands can 
boast of those of greater attractiveness. ' 
A word as to the manner of transplanting. 
If the trees are tom up, regardless of root 
or branch, and stuck into a narrow hole as 
Ave Avould set a fence post — only Avith less 
pains in regard to its stability — it Avill be 
no Avonder if the most of them groio like 
fence posts, and give about as much shade. 
But if Ave take them in season, Avith a,'rea¬ 
sonable amount of root, and proportionate 
5>-a?ic/ies —preparing a place for them as 
though Ave meant them to go to living and 
groAving immediately—they AV’ill be sure not 
to disappoint us. For the feAV days or 
hours of labor Ave may now spend, Ave shall 
reap years of after profit —and their forms 
of living grace shall give pleasure to the 
eye and gladness to the spirit, Avhile Ave 
live, and to the lovers of shade and beauty 
Avhen we moulder in dust beneath them._ 
And those Avho groAv up beneath their in- 
kittiiai] Htniitng. 
AF FECTION 
Misttllirai). 
We sometimes meet with men who seem 
to think that any indulgence in an affection¬ 
ate feeling is weakness. They will return 
from a journey and greet their families with 
a distant dignity, and move among their 
children Avith the cold and lofty .splendor of 
an iceberg, surrounded by its broken frag¬ 
ments. There is hardly a more unnatural 
sight on earth, than one of those families 
Avithout a heart. A father had better ex¬ 
tinguish his boy’s eyes, than take away his 
hca,i-t. Who that has experienced the joys 
of friendship, and values sympathy and af¬ 
fection, Avould not rather lose all that is 
beautiful in nature’s sceneiy, than be rob¬ 
bed of the hidden treasure of his heart? 
Who Avould not rather bury his Avife than 
buiy his love for her? Who Avould not 
rather folloAV his child to the grave, than 
entomb his parental affection? Cherish, 
then, your heart’s best affections. Indulge 
in the Avarm and gushing emotions of filial, 
parental, and fraternal love. Think it not 
a weakness. God is love. Love God, love 
everybody, and everything that is lovely.— 
Teach your children to love; to love the 
rose, the robin; to love their parents; to 
love their God. Let it be the studied ob¬ 
ject of their domestic culture to give them 
Avarm hearts, ardent affections. Bind your 
Avhole family together by these strong cords. 
You cannot make them too strong. Relig¬ 
ion is loAT; loA’e to God; love to man.— 
Chambers’ Journed. 
ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF THE STATES, 
A Family in Heaven.— A Avhole family 
united in religion—Avhat a .spectacle of 
beauty on earth! A family lying side by 
side in their graves, to be united again in 
the same blessed resun-ection—Avhat a spec¬ 
tacle for angels to l(X)k doAvn upon Avith in¬ 
terest! A Avhole family united in heaven 
I —who can describe their everlasting joys ? 
Notone is absent. Nor father, nor mother, 
nor son, nor daughter, are away. In the 
Avorld beloAv they Avere united in faith, and 
love, and peace, and joy. In the morning 
of the resurrection they ascended together. 
Before the throne they boAv together in uni¬ 
ted adoration. t)n the banks of the riA'er of 
life they walk hand in hand, and as a fami- 
ly, they have commenced a career of glory 
Avhich shall be everlasting. There is to be 
hereafter no separation in that family. No 
one is to lie down on a bed of pain. No one 
is to Avander aAvay into temptation. No one 
is to sink into the arms of death. Never in 
heaven is that family to move along in the 
sloAV procession, clad in the habiliments of 
Avo, to consign one of its members to the 
tomb. God gram of his infinite mercy that 
every family may be thus united. — 
Albert Barnes. 
Alienee, will come to look upon them as old 
familiar friends —and thus shall they prove 
pleasure ties to bind to coimtry and home 
the hearts and affections of the people. 
Royalton, N. K 
J. H. B. 
Moths from Woolen Clothing, Car¬ 
pets Ajy'D Furs. — Place tlie articles in lin¬ 
en sheets, or bags, seAved. closely together, 
fu st beating them, so as to clear off all moths 
and eggs. Camphor and tobacco, scattered 
through light trunks, where they are pack¬ 
ed, is also a protection. 
Plitasure Is like cordial — a little of it 
does not injure, but to much destroys. 
_ Pears on the Shad Bush.— Mr. George 
Fitch, of South Bridgton, Me., informs us 
that he set some pear scions, last spring, in 
the Shad Bush, or Ju^e Berry, (generally 
called Sug’ar Plum, or Sugar Pear, in 
Maine,) Avhich flourished tolerably Avell._ 
He also set pear scions in the White Thorn. 
They all did Avell, and one, in its native lo¬ 
cality, made an exceedingly large groAvth. 
Two scions Avere set in this stock; the main 
branch of one gTew five feet and ten inch¬ 
es in length. The growth of both scions, 
with their brmiches, was twenty-three feet 
—New England Farmer. 
MORE “GREAT PEARS.” 
In the last “ Rural ” I noticed a state¬ 
ment relative to a “great pear” exhibited 
at the Guernsey Fruit Show—representing 
the production as something remarkable.— 
In 1842 three pears were groAvn on my 
farm, Avhich Aveighed respectively, tAvo lbs. 
four, two lbs. six, and two lbs. eight ounces. 
They Avere exhibited at the Mom’oe County 
Fair, and received a premium. 
I think it will be found that Monroe coun¬ 
ty can produce as large and as perfect fruit 
and of as good flavor, as any part of the 
world. F. W. Lay. 
Greece, March 1, 1850. 
FAiTH.—Faith, in its reproductive power 
and progress of groAvth, may be compared 
to the great Oriental banyan tree. It 
springs up in God, rooted in God’s Word, 
and soon there are the great Avaving branch¬ 
es of experience. Then from these very 
branches the runners go doAvn again into 
God’s Word, and thence spring up ao-ain, 
neAv products of faith, and ncAv trees of ex¬ 
perience, ijll one and the same tree becomes 
in itself a “grove, Avith pillared shades and 
echoing Avalks betAveen. So experience 
first groAvs out of faith, and then a greater 
faith groAvs out of experience, the Word of 
God being all the while the region of its 
roots; and again a still vaster, richer expe¬ 
rience groAvs out of that faith, till every 
branch becomes not only a product, but a 
parent stock set in the same Word, and all 
expanding into a various, magnificent and 
enlarging forest— Windings of the River 
of the Water of Life. 
1. Maine was so called a.s early as 1638. from 
Maine in France, of which Henrietta Maria, 
Queen of England, was at that time proprietor. ^ 
2. New Hanipshire was the name given to the 
territory conveyed by the Plymouth company to 
Captain John Mason, by patent, November 7, 
1539, with reference to the patentee, who was 
Governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England. 
3. Vermont was so called by the inhabitants in 
their declaration of independence, Januar/ 16, 
1777, from the French verd, green, and inont, 
mountain. 
4. Massachusetts derived its name from a tribe 
of Indians in the neighborhood of Boston. The 
teibe is thought to have derived its name from the 
Blue Hills of Milton. “1 have learned,” savs 
Roger Williams, “that Massachusetts was so 
called from the Blue Hills.” 
5. Rhode Island was so called in 1634, in refer¬ 
ence to the Island of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean. 
6. Connecticut was so called from the Indian 
name of its principal river. 
7. Now York (originally called New Nether¬ 
lands,) was so called in reference to the Duke of 
York and Albany, to w’hoin this territorv was 
granted. • 
8. New Jersey (originally called New Sweden) 
wds so named in 1664, in compliment to Sir Geo. 
Carteret, one of its original proprietors, who had 
defended the Island of Jersey against the I.ong 
Parliament, during the civil war of England. 
9. Pennsylvania was ^so called in 1681, after 
William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia. 
10. Delaware was so called in 1703, from Del¬ 
aware Bay, on which it lies, and which received 
its name from Lord De La War, who died in 
this Bay. 
11. Maryland was so called in honor of Henri¬ 
etta Maria, the Queen of Charles f, in his patent 
to Lord Baltimore, June 30, 16.32. 
12. Virginia was so called in 1584, after Ei'.-za- 
beth, the Virgin Queen of England. 
13 and 14. Carolina (North and South) was so 
called by the French in 1564, in honor of Clmrles 
IX, King of France. 
15. Georgia Avas so called in 1762, in hono.- of 
King George II. 
16. Alabama was so called in 1817, from its 
principal river. 
17. Mississippi was .so called in 1800, from its 
Western boundary. Mississippi is .said to denote 
the Avhole river; that is, the riA'er formed by the 
union of inanA'. 
18. Louisiana Avas so called in honor of Louis 
XVI, of France. 
19. Tennessee was so called in 1796, from its 
principal river. The word Tennessee is said to 
signify a carved spoon. 
20. Kentucky Avas so called in 1782, from its 
principal river. 
21. Illinois Avas so called in 1809, from its prin¬ 
cipal river. The AAmrd is said to signify the riA'er 
of men. 
22. Indiana was so called in 1802, from the 
American Indians. 
23. Ohio was so called in 1803, from its South¬ 
ern boundary. 
24. Missouri was so called in 1821, from its 
principal river. 
25. Michigan Avas so called in 1806, fror.A the 
lake on its borders. 
26. Arkansas was so called in 1819, from its 
principal river. 
27. Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de 
Leon, in 1572, because it was discovered on Easter 
Sunday; in Spanish, Pasevs Fiorica. 
28. Texas AA'as so called by the Spaniards in 
1690, who that year drove out a colony of French, 
who had established themselves at Matago-da; 
and made their first permanent settlement. 
29. Wisconsin AA'as so called in 1836, fror i the 
river of the same name, Avhen a territorial govern¬ 
ment was formed. 
.30. loAvra Avas so called in 18.38, after a tribe of 
Indians of the same name, and a sejiarate ternto - 
rial government formed. 
Pomme Grise Apple. —Tliis variety, is 
not^ as yet, extensively groAvn amongst us. 
It is, hoAvever, a gem in the galaxy of our 
numerous good fruits. It Avas originally 
brought from England, is knoAvn as the 
Gray apple, and found in plenty in the Mon¬ 
treal markets. There are several species 
of it Flesh of some quite yelloAv, Avhile 
others are equally Avhite. It is in eating 
from March to June, and has the fine fliu 
vor of other choice fruits—such as the Mel¬ 
on, (fee.,—is sprightly and a most Avelcome 
condiment j. jj ^ 
A NEAV species of primrose, primtda at- 
iaica, has been inti-oduced in England. 
The Best Recommendation.— A youth 
seeking employment in New York, on in¬ 
quiring at a certain store, if they Avished a 
clerk, Avas told they did not On mention¬ 
ing the recommendations he had, the mer¬ 
chant desired to see them. In turning OA^er 
liis carpet bag to find his letters, a book rol¬ 
led out on the floor. “ What book is that ?” 
said the merchant. “ It is the Bible, sir,” 
Avas the reply. “And Avhat are you going 
t(5 do Avith that book in Noav York?” said 
the merchant The lad looked seriously in¬ 
to the merchant’s face, and replied, “I 
promised my mother I Avould read it every 
day, and I sliall do it,” and burst into teai-s. 
The merchant immediately engaged his ser¬ 
vices, and in due time he became a partner 
in the firm, one of the most respectable in 
the city. 
Every gracci brings someAvhat consider¬ 
able. Love brings a flaming heiu't; repen¬ 
tance brings a bleeding heart; obeihence 
bring-s a Avorking hand; patience brings a 
broad back for the smiter; but faith brings 
only an empty heart and hand, to be filled 
Avith borroAved and gifted blessings; and yet 
faitliis the highest and loftiest grace.— Trails 
We are more prone to pei-secute others 
for their faith, than to make sacrifices to 
prove our own. 
We suffer more from anger and grief, 
than from the veiy things for Avhich Ave an¬ 
ger and grieve. 
GOOD ADV ICE. 
John H. Prentice, in his recent valedic¬ 
tory on retiring from the editorial chair, 
Avliich he had filled for forty-tAvo years, has 
the folloAving: 
“ No man should be Avithout a Avell con¬ 
ducted neAvspaper. He is far behind the 
spirit of the age unless he reads one, is not 
upon an eijual footing Avith his fellow man 
Avho enjoys such advantages, and is disre¬ 
gardful of his duty to his family, in not af¬ 
fording them an opportunity of acquiring a 
I knowledge of Avhat is passing in the world, 
at the cheapest possible teaching. ShoAv 
me a family Avithout a neAvspaper, and I ven¬ 
ture to say that there Avill be manifest in 
that family, a Avant of amenity of manners, 
and indications of ignorance most strikingly 
in contrast Avith the neighbor Avho allows 
himself such a rational indulgence. Youno' 
men especially, should read newspapers.— )| > 
If I Avere a boy, even of twelve years, I 
Avould read a newspaper Aveekly, though I 
had to Avork by torch-light to earn mone)- 
enough to pay for it. The boy who reads 
will learn to think and analyze; and, if so, 
he Avill be almost sure to make a man of 
himself, hating A-icious indidgence, Avhich 
reading is calculated to beget a distaste for.” 
The British Empire. — According to 
Martin, in his account of the British colo¬ 
nies, tAventy-live Avritteu and A'arious un- 
Aviitten languages are spoken throughout 
this great empire of colonies. There ar^ 
about 5,000,000 Christians, 50,000,000 
Hindoos, 20,000,000 Mahomedans, 10,000,- 
000 Buddhists, and millions of other idoui- 
tei's of various descriptions, in the British 
foreign possessions. The Avhole population 
is estimated at 130,000,000. Of those not 
more than 25,000,000 eat flesh abundantly; 
about 10,000,000 sparingly; 24,000,000 w- 
casionally, and about 70,000,000 live 
cipally on vegetables and fish. About 34.- 
000,000 make wheat, outs, and barley their 
principal granivorous food; 10,000,000 po¬ 
tatoes, pulse, and other vegetables, and 30,- 
000,000 rice, maize, millet (fee. About 10,- i 
000,000 drink Avine frequently; 25,000,000 
malt liquors; 35,000,000 distilled liquors; ' 
and 60,000,000 chiefly water. . 
