STAKDABD FOE SAXONY SHEEP, the profit and pleasure of having a fine and 
rr- ,, ^ , beautiful flock. We ought to improve our 
[ rom e oo rower.] flocks, raise our fine wool, manufacture o]j^' 
[It gives us great pleasure to lay before own cloth; for if we pay twenty dollarsTor 
our readers the following veiy excellent let- foreign cloth, it has to be in specie, and 
ter from Mr. Reed. It speaks for itself; and away it goes, and some bank has to draw in 
is tlie first attempt of any of our farmers, in sixty dollars of its circulation. The difter- 
the description of the sheep, and the wool, once is, had we bought American cloth our 
The rules are so plain that any person can farmers and mechanics would have had the 
with ease make himself master of them, and tewenty dollars; and that same money kept 
gxiided by them he cannot fail of making a among the industrioiis part of the commu- 
good selection. We know that a great, nity, miglit b.ave paid a thousand dollars of 
many ot our young, as Av*ell as old wool j debt in a year, and still have the same mo- 
growers^ Avill tnank Mr. Reed for this com- j ney to go on with. • The depots are doing 
munication.] 
well in grading each wool according to its 
At a meeting of wool growers at the ^*6^1 value. Mr. Peters, of liuftalo, Taylor & 
State Fair of New York, it was agreed that Rockwell, of Utica, N. Y^, Blanchard & Co., 
the judges of Saxonj'^ sheep, should publish Kinderhook, N. Y., Davis & Aubin, of Bos- 
a description of what they considered a com- ‘U’e all doing a good business for the 
plete specimen of Saxony sheep, for the ''"oo^ powers. Mr. Peters, of Buftalo, gives 
benefit of young wool growers. The other prices and prospects of avooI fairly in his 
judges desired that I Avould give a written paper, monthly; it comes cheap, only fifty 
description to Mr. Peters, the editor of the cents a year, and I think every wool grow- 
Wool Grower, to which I at length agreed, er ought to have it, Thomas Reed. 
Perfeciion should be the aim of all; and as - •■■■' =:z=zr—— 
^mm\u (0roiioraq. 
extra fijie wool, it is my desire to make the-- 
description so plain that a young wool grow- DUNLOP CHEESE. 
er who observes these rules, in miving or ,p rn • V~”, . 
selecting for breeding, will soon have a good i following method of making this 
flock. ° ° ® celebrated cheese, is given by Mr. Robert 
First comes the description of a pure blood ? practical Scotch I armer, now re- 
Saxon buck. He should be of medium size siding in New Brunswick. It is taken from 
oaxuii uucK. xie snouiu oe 01 meaium Size ,, ^ ^ Yhi tY .™.^.**w**. 
(and I consider a medium sized buck to be ycpoi t of tlie I irectors ot the St. John 
3 feet 9 inches from the nose to the root of ^^ic^ltural Society: 
tlie tail,) around the body 3 feet 2 inches; . . produce of one milk- 
around the flank 3 feet G inches; from the used, the old milk must be heated to 
breast to the hip 2 feet G inches; in height ^ same temperatm’O as that newly drawn 
2 feet 3 inches; he should be a little longer ^ cows, or a little above it This is 
than a Merino and not quite so heavy buflt putting the milk, after taking 
The back almost straight; broad over the cream, into a tin pan, and that again 
kidneys; body round; the neck starting al- boiling w'ater. When the milk is prop- 
most level with the tops of the shoulders ; erly heated, it is (together with the cream 
the neck large at the shouldens, tapering off,) and the new milk, put 
and becoming round towards the head. — ^ stirred together, and the 
The head small and neatly set on; no loose ®^®®P •'ippiied. When the milk is coagu- 
skin on the under part of the neck, or very will be in about 20 minutes, 
litilc: t.bft bnnfs sliorf nn3 nnin+f»3 • uroii the Avhole sliould be stiri'cd up and thor- 
little; the hoofs short and pointed; well quar-I Vi 'V” i.U .— 
tered, strong, active, and spirited; his eye I v broken by the hand. In ten min- 
bright; pleasant countenance, and tame; the i afterwards the whey should be taken 
skin smooth and healthy looking. When j 
walking with his side to you he should look | enough to be lifted 
finished and gay. He should look and drainer, or vessel witli a porous bot- 
into cl urainer, or vessel witli a porous bot- 
feel woolly, not ’'stilf or hard, but soft-^ ^ «^ce in eve- 
The same rules should be obseiwed in se- minutes for an hour. It is then put 
lecting ewes, only they are a size less cloth, and a pressure applied to expel 
cting ewes, only they are a size less I ^ cloth, and a pressure applied to expel 
The next comes the deseripUon of his I thoroughly. When this is 
cttO —1 — v:., .-J. i Clone and the curd gets dn”^ and firm, it is 
xiiv iiTiAt wiJiv:© wiw uesurmuon oi ms *7 j r i i /• 
wool. Fine wool on his forehead; wool on 'V" 
his crown, fine, short; downy looking wool tub and carefully mmced with B 
on Ills cheeks; the under pcit of thS neck "" httlemtreapplied, 
as fine as possible and crimped. The wool • , is then put 
on the body to be as even as possible all 
over, and should be crimped 24 to 28 crimps /ro™ bn'^c to time to pre- 
tothe inch; the crimps should run plain and ! ^ orm i^at t is thcin jiut in the 
evenly across the sample and up to the top i light pressure applied. At the 
resembling crape. It should be soft, fine, j the cheese is turned upside 
thick set or comnact on the sheen ; it.sbmihl ' chesset, and a cloth drawn from 
thick set or compact on the sheep; it should 
be so that it will stand straight out, show¬ 
boiling water applied. At the end of an¬ 
uKi D7J mat It wm suiuu siruigiu OUL snOW- u it i .7 • • 7 - 7 —, 
ing small strands or divisions on the surface ?/ ^^r hour, the cloth is cagain changed, cond 
,7 .7 7 77 77 7 the cheese IS left in +I 10 T^vcaoo+ 7 II CV 7 ll.- 777 r 
orthe fleece; the belly well covered with 7^?^^""'''* 
fine wool; the liip wool soft and crimped.— j^g moimng, when it is taken out, slightly 
The wool should be a clear white or cream before the fire, and again returned 
color; moderately yolkey and the surface of ^ press. hen the 
the fleece a httle dark. There is a verv ^lo^s have been changed a time or two. 
the fleece a httle dark. There is a very 
good kind of wool that is very fine and close, 
in which you can not trace the crimps—you 
a dry cloth is substituted and a greater pres¬ 
sure applied. The dry cloths are changed 
every two hours till the cheese is perfectly 
must decide by the smallness of the fibre. V i nours till the cheese is perfectly 
The fleece when shorn, its felting properties '^7tbe chesset well 
shouldkeepitunitedwhenspreadresembling a thin cloth put into it. The 
a spider’s web; it should be soft and easy then returned to the chesset for 
rolled; the length of the wool after it is subjected to a slight pres- 
Ava.shed and shorn is from one and a half to ^^*Ti taken out 
two inches ''' m a dry situation with 
When a young wool grower goes to se- f 
lect, he should keep the above described rubbed with a coarse tow- 
sheep or some other model sheep before his edges,) 
mind; it would help him to have precisely (lays till it is sufhciently dry for 
one-fourth of an foch marked on his left 
thumb nail, to lay the sample on and count, 
and if they count six or seven crimps in that 
space they are very good. Y^'ou should cut 
RECIPES FOB HOUSEWIVES. 
Cream Tarter Sponge C.4.ke.- 
tlie samples with scissors, for pulling them of sugar, I cup of flour, 4 eggs, 1 teaspoon 
mjuria the wool and the sheep both. tarter; half-teaspoon of saleratus, 
oerb St “ T. " “ “i*"': “ “i'k. Flavor with lemon; grate 
perb. bheep that iwe soaked and washed • .7 . , -i- ^ ® 
under a water fiill until the wool is pure and extract 1 teaspoon, 
clean will average two and a half pounds per Snow Ball Cake.— Half cup of butter, 
head—if washed in the old way they will 1 cup of loaf sugar, the whites of 3ego-s; 
average three pounds per head. Yfou can stir thick as cup calce. Teaspoon of sale?a- 
have your sheep exquisitely fine, or fine and Bake in small tins 
heavier fleeced, just as you select them to 
breed from. Then why not breed an Amer- Cream Cake. —1 cup of cream, 1 cup 
wan sheep equal to any in the world, or one of sugar, 1 egg, 1 teaspoon saleratus, 1 of 
thiu will suit our notions ? salt. Thick as pancakes. 
Remember “ like begets like.” Be care- .7 ^ .77 
ful to guard against the following faults: ^ Cake. 1 cup of sugar, l of milk. 
Coarse, hairy faces; coarse hairs or uncrimo- ^ half cup ot butter, saleratus, and 
ed wool on the under part of the neck; flour. 
__Al- - X /» .1 T 
stringy on the top of the shoulders; bareness ri' n m t-. ait, r , 
of the belly; co.-me hip wool; and coarse ., Coo 'a Touo.i Fowb-When afowl 
hairs on the inside of the thioRs • the skin ^ pbicked and drawm, joint it as for a pie. 
pale or covered witli spots; slab-.sided^poor ,^ saucepan, with 
on reasonable keeping; sunk in the neck’ a onions, or any other flavoring in- 
liUle coarse; low on the side. gredients that may be approved. A clove 
By obaerrdng these rules in selecting and ? 
eekg, my wool of 1848 passedfortm "lion tender, turn « out m- 
st American tvool atD.nvis^r A„b;„>.d„. tic meat may boen- 
breeding, my wool of 1848 passed for the “ ' 1 8- l « , T ’ I™ 
best American tvool at Davis & Aubiii’sde- f ' ‘‘“P '’'1’’ Y v" 
pot, at Boston; my wool of 1840 passed at Y 
H. Blanchard's depot, Kinderhook >. Y.- ? 'V ' ^ ^ T “ 
980 bk super, 438 prime, all in the two “J “curry, 
grades. In conclusion, try to have your ’ ^ . _ 
sheep with as many of the good marks as A prudent woman studies the comfort 
possible, and very few of the bad ones.— of lier husband and houseliould; wdiereas 
Annually select, fatten and sell faulty sheep the scold and spendthrift tliinks of parties 
to the butcher. By so doing you will have and fashions. 
; FJnrtimltnral Iqmrtmrat. 
PRUNING GRAPE VINES. 
Ed. Rural New-Yorker :— I have found 
the grape vines Avhich I pruned this win¬ 
ter much injured, chiefly on account of a 
bad mode of summer pruning. The strong 
fruit bearing w-ood has been mostly cut out, 
• and the Avood that gi’CAv late has been gen¬ 
erally winter-killed, so that the prospect for 
many gTapes the nexd season, in this city, is 
anything but cheering. 
It is a source of regret that men Avho 
have not sufficient experience, Avill venture 
on the performance of this w'ork. But w'e 
must not attach all the blame to the opera¬ 
tor. Some proprietors think that fifty cents 
or a dollar is enough to give for pruning a 
vine, be it largo or small,—so they get 
them .shorn in winter and destroyed in 
summer. 
The Avriter has had eighteen years expe¬ 
rience, in and around the cities of Ncav 
Y ork and Rochester, and Avould say, that in 
Avinter pruning nearly all that is necessary 
is, to cut off all the dead Avood, and into the 
last yeai-’s wood till within three eyes of 
the former year’s Avood — except v,^here 
runners are wanting, in Avhich case they 
might be left as long as eight or ten eyes. 
In .summer pruning, if the unfruitful Avood 
is rubbed off Avith the finger and thumb, 
(except Avhere runners are Avanting,) and 
if three fruit bearing sprouts should ema¬ 
nate from one eye, it would be better to 
rub off the Aveakest of them. This is the 
most important part of all that is required 
in summer priming. To go into particulars 
Avould be to occupy more of your valuable 
journal than my communication Avould be 
Avorth. 
There is one thing that experience has 
shoAvn to be a great evil, that is, to let vines 
run into trees. I pruned a vine this Avin¬ 
ter for a neighbor; he said it Avas about ten 
years planted. Four years ago a tendril 
caught a limb of a plum tree and thus be¬ 
came more elevated and grcAV more in the 
four^’ears, than the part on the arbor did 
in seven or eight. Grapes grow only on 
the prcA’iSus year’s Avood, so there is noth- j 
ing gained by letting them ascend to a great 
height, for the reason that they 'riccomc 
j blank underneath, and the fruit is .always 
inferior. 
The be4 vine I have pruned this winter, 
is a Catawba oAvned by James H. Watts, 
Esq., at his beautiful residence on Alexan- 
(^er st. The Avriter has gTapes at this date 
as good as Avhen first plucked. They Avere 
packed in dry saAvdust j. l. 
Rochester, February, 1850. 
Rem-arks.— Our OAvn experience in let¬ 
ting grape vines run into trees, is opposed 
to the vicAvs of our correspondent We 
have Isabella vines in an oak, a hickory, and 
a poor apple tree; and the grapes, e.speci- 
ally in the top of the tree, are larger and 
better ripened than those on the trellis.— 
As yet they require no trimming, and the 
only danger is that they Avill increase and 
grow faster than the tree, and become dense 
and shaded. 
Fruit Scions.—N atui-e ever provident 
of herself has giA’en a vitality to scions 
Avhich alloAvs of their being kept a long 
time, and for transmission to great distan¬ 
ces. It is by this system that choice kinds 
are introduced from one region of country 
to another; and a skillful “artiste,” by a cut 
Avitb his knife, can sever from one tree Avhat, 
Avith the aid of the same knife, a little wax 
and a band of cloth, lie can insert the graft 
to produce a like fruit in a like tree. Beau¬ 
tiful and harmonious nature does wonders 
for man. • j. h. w. 
Saa'eet Apples.— Green Sioeeting.—ThQ 
number of SAveet apples cultivated is 
small. The “ TaJman Sweeting” ranks high 
for baking, but does not keep as does the 
one Avhicli heads this article. The “ Green 
SAveeting” is a handsome fruit, conical in 
shape, Avith the color of the greening, ting¬ 
ed Avith red on the sunny side. It is a de¬ 
licious fruit to eat,—keeps until April or 
M.ay, and for richness for cooking is not sur¬ 
passed. The lack of sweet apples, requires 
more extensive cultivation, and Ave recom¬ 
mend this variety most heartily j. h. w. 
Geraniums run Avild on the rocks on the 
island of Madelena, near the north coast of 
Sardinia. Capt Roberts has a hedge 200 
yards long and two yards high.— Gardeners 
Chronicle. 
PEARS ON THE SHAD BUSH. 
I iiAA’E been asked Avhat the “ Shad 
Bush” is, which is mentioned in the para- 
gi’aph copied from the New England Farm- 
j er into the last number of the New-York¬ 
er. It is more commonly known in West- 
j era Ncav York as the Service Berry ] and 
i is distinguished in our forests by its dense 
j mass of Avhite flowers which come out in 
! spring before any of the leaves of the 
Avoods have expanded. Were it not for the 
difficulty of transplanting it from the for¬ 
ests, it Avould form one of the most desira¬ 
ble of early ornamental trees, as its shoAv- 
ers of Avhite blossoms are not only eminent¬ 
ly shoAvy and delicate, but are earlier than 
nearly everything else of the kind. Would 
it not be avcU Avorth propagating from seed ? 
Botanists seem to have had unusual diffi¬ 
culty in fixing upon a generic name Avhich 
all could adopt It is the Aronia hotrya- 
pium of Person, the Pyrxts hotryaimmi of 
Linnseus and Pursh, the Mespilns of Mi- 
chaux, and the Amelanchier of DeCan- 
dole. The fact that Linnmus placed it un¬ 
der the same generic head as the apple and 
pear, shoAVS that it is nearly allied to them, 
and this is further confirmed by the fact sta¬ 
ted in the article above alluded to, that the 
pear made a good growth Avhen grafted in¬ 
to it. T. 
I’l'ayne Co.,2dmo., 1850. 
“ Wagener Apple.” —This apple, which 
has been pictured by the the State Agyicul- 
tural Society [n the Volume of Transactions 
for 1848, Ave have (by the politeness of Mr. 
Wight, of Geneva,) had a taste of, and 
unhesitatingly pronounce it a superior fruit. 
One of the samples Ave shall have colored, 
and it may be seen w’itbin this month at the 
Rural New-Yorker office. j. n. w. 
GRAFTING AND IMPF.OVEXENT. 
The address of J. R Williams, befofe 
the Kalamazoo Agricultural Society, Mich¬ 
igan, contains much good sense. The fol- 
loAving i-eraarks on the ease with which ev- 
eiy man may improve the quality of his 
fruit, are applicable to latitude and merid¬ 
ian of other places besides Western Mich¬ 
igan: 
“ As it is with animals and vegetables, so 
it is^Avith fruits. You can have stunted, 
astringent, crabbed fruits, or the most de¬ 
licious. The precaution to send your neigh¬ 
bor’s boy to snip off a shoot from a fine tree, 
while you are stopping to decide the affairs 
of the nation with him — a fcAv minutes 
taken to slide it under the bark, while you 
are Availing for a meal at home, will trans- j 
form a useless shoot into a valuable tree,' 
that shall furnish pleasure and nutriment 
to generations of men. A few minutes im¬ 
proved now and then which would be oth¬ 
erwise idled aAvay, will suiTound your dwell¬ 
ing Avith a gTOve, winch shall prove of the 
greatest utility, and delightful embellish¬ 
ment I knoAv men say they have no time, 
yet I have alAvays observed that the men 
Avho make this excuse, have plenty of time 
to lounge at the tavern,— plenty of time to 
run after some mountebank or charlatan, 
plenty of time to litigate Avith a neighbor. 
No, man! plant the tree. It will groAV 
Avhile you sleep. Bud it Graft it Nuj^e 
it and it shall gladden the sight and please 
^ the palate of people yet unborn, and you 
shall have a memorial of your existence, 
springing from the green sod, Avhen you 
shall repose beneath it 
Some five or six years ago, I found on 
the place where I reside, some scrubs of 
natural fruit The tops of my trees, my 
neighbors said, AA^ere too large to graft— 
But they were grafted with considerable 
labor. My predecessor might have budded 
or grafted each with a single germ, and 
saved me nineteen-twentieths of the time 
. and expense. Another set of men told me 
tlie country was not natural for fruit I 
put in the grafts, and for yeai-s have had an 
abundance of delicious fruit for the table or 
cookei-y, for myself and my neighbors, in 
summer, fall, and Avinter, and I find none 
Avill eat it more greedily, than those Avho 
have no time to graft tlieir OAvn trees, and 
Avho curse the climate as unfit for fruit” 
Grafting Grape Vines. —Mr. Curtis, 
member of Assembly from Onondaga coun¬ 
ty, stated at one of the agricultural meet¬ 
ings in Albany, that he bad been very .suc¬ 
cessful in grafting the Isabella on the com¬ 
mon Avild grape. He takes about fifteen to 
eighteen inches of the root of the Avild vine, 
and inserts it in a scion of the kind he wish¬ 
es to propagate. It is done in the ordinary 
mode of cleft or “split” grafting. The vine 
is planted so that the connection of tlie 
stock and scion Avill be just below the sur¬ 
face of the ground. The operation is per- 
fonned in the spring, before the vines come 
into leaf. Mr. C. stated that he had vines 
so grafted, which bore considerably the first 
year, and sometimes they had made a 
growth of fourteen feet the first season.— 
Cultivator. 
^tmml IkdtljM. 
ELIZABETH FBY. 
Prominent among the distinguished wo¬ 
men of England, is Elizabeth Fry; the 
friend of the pi-isoner, the bondman, the lu¬ 
natic, the beggar; Avho has been aptly nam¬ 
ed “ the female Howard.” Mrs. Fry hard- 
I ly deserved more credit for the benevolent 
impulses of her heart, than for the dignity 
and urbanity of her manners. They were 
natural, for they were born with her. The 
daughter of John and the sister of Joseph 
and Samuel Gurney, could hardly bo else 
than the embodiment of that charity which 
never faileth, that philanthropy which em¬ 
braces every form of human misery, and that 
amenity Avhich proffers the cup of kindness 
Avith an angel’s grace. In youth, her per¬ 
sonal attractions, and the vivacity of her 
conversation, made her the idol of the social 
circle; and scA'cre was her struggling in de¬ 
ciding Avhether to become the reigning belle 
of the neighborhood, or devote her life ^ 
assuage the sori’ows of a Avorld of suffering 
and crime. Happily she resolved that hu¬ 
manity had higher claims upon her than 
fashion. Her resolution once foi-med, she 
immediately entered upon the holy mission 
to which for nearly half a century, she con¬ 
secrated that abounding benevolence and 
winning grace, which in her girlhood, Avere 
the pride of her parents and the delight of 
her companions. 
Though her eye Avas ever open to discov- 
j er, and her hands to relieve, all fomis of 
sorroAV, it was to the inmates of the mad¬ 
house and the penitentiary, that she mainly 
devoted her exertion.s. Wonderful was her 
power over the insane ? The keenest mag¬ 
netic eye of the most experienced keeper 
! paled and grew feeble in its SAvay over the 
raving maniac, compared Avith the tones of 
her magic voice. Equally facinating Ava.s 
her influence over prisoners and felons.— 
Many a time, in spite of the sneers of Anil- 
gar turnkeys, and the positive assurances of 
resjiectablc keepers, that her purse and even 
her life would be at stake, if she entered the 
Avar(ls,and cells of the prison, she boldly 
Avent in among-st the swearing, quarrelling 
Avretches, and Avith the doors bolted beliind 
her, encountered them with dignified de¬ 
meanor and kindly Avords, that soon produced 
a state of order and repose Avhich Avhips and 
chains had vainly endeavored to enforce.— 
Possessing peculiar powers of eloquence, 
(Avhy may not a woman be an “ orator ?”) 
she used to assemble the prisoners, address 
them in a style of charming tenderness all 
her own, win their a.ssent to regulations for 
their conduct, which she proposed, slnike 
hands with them, give and receive a bless¬ 
ing, retuni to the keeper’s room, and he re¬ 
ceived by him Avith almost as much aston¬ 
ishment and awe as Darius exhibited towards 
Daniel, Avhen he emerged from the den of 
lions. 
In this Avay, Mrs. Fry made frequent ex¬ 
aminations of the prisons in England. She 
pursued her holy work on the Continent, 
visiting prisons in France, Holland, Ger¬ 
many, Denmark, Belgium, and Prussia. In 
the early part of her career, she encounter- 
I ed both at home and abroad, some rudeness 
j and many rebuffs. But her never-spent dig- 
I nity, tact, and kindness, at length Avon the 
confidence and plaudits of the great majori¬ 
ty of her OAvn countrymen, mid of many 
philanthropists and titled personages in oth¬ 
er lands. 
TOIL CONQUERING FBIDE. 
John Adams, the second President of the 
United States, used to relate the following 
anecdote:— 
“When I Ava.s a boy, I used to study the 
Latin grammar; but it was dull, and I ha¬ 
ted it My father Avas anxious to send me 
to college, and, therefore, I studied the gram- 
mai’ till I could study it .po longer; and go¬ 
ing to my father, I told him I did not like 
to study, and Rskod for some other employ¬ 
ment It was opposing his wishes, and he 
Avas quick in his ansAver. ‘ Well, John, if 
Latin grammar does not suit you, try ditch¬ 
ing, perhaps that will; my meadow yonder 
Avants a ditch, and you may put by Latin 
and try that’ This seemed a delightful 
change, and to the meadoAV I went but soon 
found ditching harder than Latin, and the 
first forenoon Avas the longest I ever expe¬ 
rienced. 
That day 1 ate the bread of labor, and 
glad Avas I Avheu night came on. That 
night I made some compai’ison between Lat¬ 
in grammar and ditching, but said not a 
word about it; dug next forenoon, and want¬ 
ed to return to Latin at dinner; but it Avas 
humili-ating and I could not do it At night 
toil conquered pride; and though it Avas 
one of the scA’crest trials I ever had in my 
life, I told my father that if he chose I 
Avould go back to Latin grammar. He was 
glad of it, and if I have since gained any 
distinction, it has been owing to the tAvo 
days labor in the abominable ditch.” 
Some have Avondered thvRt disputes about 
opinions should so often end in personali¬ 
ties ; but, the fact is, tliat such disputes be¬ 
gin with personalities; for our opinions are 
a part of ourselves. 
