MOORE^S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
JEltcfiaiiif Iris & Itiratu 
WASHING DISHES BY MACHINERY. 
Mr. Joel Houghton, of Ogric-n, N. Y., 
has just returned from Washington, where 
he has secured letters patent, for a machine 
to wash dishes. Tliis machine (the residt 
of seven years study and experiment,) is so 
far perfected that two hundred pieces of 
crockery, (fee., can be cleaned perfectly in 
six minutes, without putting the hands in 
the water. 'J'he dishes arc set up edgewise 
in a round revolving rack or crib, (the shaft 
perpendicular,) or in any form so that the 
surface is exposed to the water, its they re¬ 
volve and empty themselves at the same 
time. The water, which should be boiling 
hot, is thrown on them from a wheel writh 
concave buckets or dippers, made to turn 
in a curb and with a crank like a fanning 
mill; the bottom, being slanting towards the 
■^leel, the water after being throAvn among 
the dishes, runs directly back under the 
wheel to be taken up and thrown again and 
again till the whole mass are clean. Tliis 
first water is then drawn off at the bottom of 
th(" wlieel and replaced by a second boiling 
water, and the crank turned a few sec¬ 
onds. 'J.’he rack, with the dishes in, is then 
removed to the table or pantry, where they 
stand untouched till wanted for the next 
meal. '’I'he heat received from the boiling 
water dries the dishes as soon as exposed 
i/i the open air—requiring no wiping what¬ 
ever—leaving the finest shining gloss on the 
surface — thus dispensing with the fatigue 
and annoyance of ha^dng the hands in the 
hot water, so much dreaded (by young la¬ 
dies in particular,) and the trouble and dan¬ 
ger of carrying a few at a time in the hands. 
Monroe County, March, 1850. * 
LIST OF PATENTS 
I<>UK1) FKOM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFl lCE, 
I'or the week ending March 2, 1850. 
To George Burgess, of New York, N. Y., for 
irnprovemciit in machines for cutting cap-fronts. 
To C. F'. Brown, of Baltimore, Md., for im¬ 
provement in gas-geiicrataing apparatus. 
To E. B. Bovvditch, of New Haven, Conn., for 
improvement in Sofa Bedsteads. 
To J. F. Foster, of Bridgeport, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in connecting hubs with axles. 
To J. U. Garlick, of Lyons, N. Y.. for improve¬ 
ment in Churn-dashers. 
To Win. Hamilton, of Philadelphia Co., Pa., for 
improvement in iron-railings. 
To Humphrey Kempton, of Fairhaven, Conn., 
for improvement in Clothes Frames. 
To Ephraim Larrabce, of Baltimore, Md., for 
improvement in Refrigerators. 
To S. T. McDougall, of New York, N. Y'., for 
improvement in Scale-beams. 
To J. G .Perry, of South Kingston, R. I., for 
improvement in meat-cutting apparatus. 
To A. M. Poisat A D. C. Knab, of Paris, 
France, for improvement in distilling oleaginous 
matter. 
To J. C. Parry, of Pittsl.mrgh, Pa., for method 
of giving a rotarj' motion to metal in casting chill¬ 
ed rolls. 
To Jes.se Reed, of Alarshfield, Mass., for Par¬ 
allelogram Steering Apparatus. 
To Peter Sweeney, of Buffalo, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in Stoves. 
Y’o Zuriel Swope, of Lancaster, Pa., for im¬ 
proved Hydrolaton. 
To N. Waterman, of Suffolk Co., Mass., for 
improvement in apparatus for making Coffee. 
To C. AVhipple, of Providence, R. I., (Assignor 
to J. Carpenter, of Hartford, Conn.,) for improve¬ 
ments in machinen,- for spinning yarn and making 
rope. 
DE-ISSUES. 
J’o C. A. Kiechler. of Stockholm, Sweden, for 
improvement in Distilling Apparatus. Patented 
Julv 10, 184‘J. Re-issued Feb. 2G, 1850. 
To Waller Hunt, of New Y’ork, N. Y., (As¬ 
signor to Wm. R. Palmer.) for method of attach¬ 
ing a ball to a cartridge. Patented August 10, 
1848. Re-issued F'eb. 20, 1850. 
To Walter Hunt, of New York, N. Y., (As- 
.•-ignor to G. A. Arrowsmith,) for Loaded Ball.— 
Patented August 10, 1848. Re-issued Feb. 26, 
1850. 
DESIGNS. 
To L. S. Bacon, of Rochester, N. Y'"., for design 
for Stoves. 
To Wm. L. Sanderson, of Trovf N. Y'., for de¬ 
sign for Stoves. 
THE MANUFACTURE OF AXES. 
This process hti.s been greatly simplitied 
within the last two years. The iron is rol¬ 
led out in bars the proper w-idth and thick¬ 
ness of an axe, and six, eight, or ten feet 
long; it is heated, and cut off by a large 
pair of shears propelled by Avater power; 
another Avorkraan picks up the piece, and 
places it between a die and the punch, and 
the punch comes doA\-n and forces the hole 
for the handle by punching out a piece.— 
An iron mandrill is then inserted into the 
hole, and it is immediately put under an¬ 
other press, which forms one side of the axe; 
it then goes into another die, and forms the 
uther side, and is then placed in an upright 
position, and a chisel comes doAvnand splits 
the “bit” of the axe ready for the steel; it 
is then throAvn aside. All this is done at 
one heat, and in less lime than it takes to 
Avrite the modm operandi. The blade of 
the axe is then put in and Avelded, passed 
along to the forger, tempered, and is cast 
upon the ground to cool. As soon as cool¬ 
ed, it is taken up and planed down to an 
edge by a planing machine, and finished 
up Avith emery Avheels—painted, labelled, 
stamped and is ready for market.— Farm¬ 
er and Mechanic. 
THE INVENTION • OF THE AGE, 
This is the age of great discoveries in all 
directions. The railroad has ^i^come the 
magician’s rod, the electric telegraph a 
wore of Avonders, and ether and chloroform, 
mysterious alchemies. A tooth can be ex^^ 
tracted, a leg cut off, an incision-made;iii|Oi 
the most sensitive parts, and- the patient ^ 
the close ask if the operation had begun.— 
Speeches uttered at ten o’clock at night are 
printed while A\‘e are asleep, and they ap¬ 
pear in beautiful type on our breakfast ta¬ 
ble at eight o’clock in the morning. The 
rapidity Avith Avhich change folloAvs change 
is also remarkable. Things that took a cen¬ 
tury to do, some time ago, are noA\' finished 
off in the course of a day. A noAv feature, 
hoAvever, is, that men cease to be afraid, as 
they used to be, of the discoveries of sci¬ 
ence. Religious men, on the contrary, hail 
them. They used to be in fear lest light 
from the stars should ptit out the sun of 
righteousness; they used to be apprehen¬ 
sive lest the hammer of the geologist should 
break the rock of ages, or lest some ar¬ 
rangement among the strata of the earth, 
discoATred by some Buckland, should dis¬ 
credit the train of God. Do not bo afraid ; 
of the discoveries of science; do not stand 
in the way of timth with your silly feam.— 
Let truth emerge from the mine. Let it 
come from the laboratory of the chemist; 
let it descend from the observatory of the i 
astronomer; it will fall in with and not dark- 1 
en the truth of the Gospel. ! 
Another interesting feature Is, that mind, 
genius, and talent are much more apprecia- ' 
ted in the present day, under Avhatever ' 
guise, or garb, or denomination they appear. 
Galileo saved his life by recanting the con- | 
elusive inductions of science. Locke Avas 
banished from Oxford; Selden Avas throAvn 
into the Toaati- ; Mlton sold his copyright 
of “Paradise Lost” for five pounds. In 
contrast Avith tills, it is only needful to re¬ 
fer to the immense sums received for their 
AAi-itings b}' Scotfi Dickens, Macaulay, etc. 
Such is the force of real genius, that it Avill 
publish itself, though its possessor should 
be dumb, and command the homage of all, 
Avhile it appears to be the Avilling servant 
(ff all. Once it had no chance of emerg¬ 
ing from obscurity, except by being tied to 
some great patron’s tail. Noav, the noblest 
patronage is fair opportunity. Mind is ad¬ 
mitted to be a component element of true 
greatness. Coronets, prebends, purple robes 
and laAvn sleeA^es, M. A.’s and D. D.’s are 
more and more felt to be mere Avrappage; 
AAdiile the g(X)ds are in the inner man, the 
substance Is the soul.— Sci. Am. 
BROWN’S PATENT WATER GAS. 
We haA-e lately had an opportunity of 
examining some of the details of this im¬ 
portant discovery, Avhich has been patented 
by Mr. C. F. Brown, a talented and peme- j 
vering citizen of Baltimore, and Avhich seems 
destined to be much used for lighting cities, 
manufactories or private dAvellings. 
The only material of cost employed in 
the manufacture of this gas, is rosin of the 
commonest and cheapest quality; the vapor 
of Avhich is made to combine AAuth the hy¬ 
drogen of Avater in such manner as to en¬ 
tirely remove and obAnate the difficidties 
heretofore existing in the use of rosin for 
the purposes of illumination. It is Avell 
knoAvn that rosin, of all materials of little 
value, contains carbon in excess; A\riule in 
Avater—the cheapest of all ingredients—Ave 
IniAX^ a never failing supply of hydrogen, 
the principal element in all illuminating gas¬ 
es, and only requiring a cheap and efficient 
method of combining it Avith the carbon, so 
plentiful!}- and cheaply found in rosin, to 
form a most beautiful light, second only to 
that of day. This desideratum, Ave feel con¬ 
fident in announcing, Mr. BroAvn has most 
effectually obtained, and his success almost 
verities the predictions Avhich haA'e so often 
been made, as to the availability of Avater 
for the purpose of light and heat. 
Mr. Brown has associated himself Avith 
several gentlemen of experience in this 
branch of manufacture, aa’Iio have thorough¬ 
ly investigated the adA'antages of his in¬ 
vention, foi- the purpose of securing to our 
citizens the benefits of cheap illumination. 
One of Mr. B.’s apparatus has been pla¬ 
ced in the National Hotel at Washington, 
and others are in operation in this city.— 
We have seen gas made on one of these 
improved apparatus, for which, although 
of nearly four times the density of coal gas, 
and consequently of four times the value, 
the material costs less than fifty cents per 
1000 feet, and the entire cost, including at¬ 
tendance and fuel, but little more than 
double this sum. 
We understand that the right to use this 
new gas is in the hands of some citizens of 
YVashington, aa'Iio are nightly lighting up 
the National Hotel Avith it. Be.sides its 
beauty and cheapness, it is said to be rec¬ 
ommended by its freedom from the horri¬ 
ble stench Avhich exhales from the fluid or 
residuum of the ordinary gas.— Xat. In¬ 
telligencer. 
Messrs. Broavx and Elton, of Water- 
bury, Ct., manufacture tAvo barrels of pins 
per day, numbering about 8,000,000, or at 
the rate of 48,000,000 per AA^eek. 
dtolagital. 
NIAGARA FALLS - 1ST PAST, PRESENT AND 
PROSPECTIVE CONDITION. 
BY DR. E. EMMONS. 
kmlim] HraMng. 
ON THE DEATH OF A SISTER. 
I Here is her home, oh! Lore let her stay, 1; | [ 
She’s still one of us, and she must not away. < 
- away to the graveyard cold, > 
Nor must we hear that deep bell so unfeelingly 
V. She shall lie ’neath the turf byher fingers madegay ) 
flowerets of spring, and the beauties of ^ 
Wherc^the songsters she loved may chirp in the (I 
And^he sweet singing birds in their happiness pass, ^ I 
she shall lie where the boughs of the verdant trees | 
And their b’lossoms in fragrance be strewn on the " 
W'here the murmur and music the low breezes bear, ^ 
Df the bee on the bud, and the bird in the air, ( 
~^0 Where our prayers from her grave may ascend at S 
And our tears fall unseen a.s the twilight comes on. ( 
VIEAV OF NIAGARA FALLS. ( 
___ They say that she heeds not our prayers or our love, ) 
That her soul, now entranced A\ith the bright enes 
/fy i * i ceeded by a course-grained concretionary above, ) 
(feEDlOgUnl mass in irregular layem, exlubiting an ap- 
___ . pearance as ii much disturbed Avhile in a of affection, the full gushing flow, ^ 
NUBAKaYaiXS-ist past, PBESENT AMD semi-Buid or yielding condition. The con- P'< 
PEOSPEOnVE CONDITION. crotions often present cavities lined with LhSc 0 ^^ 
KV nu r EMMONS crystals, or the remains of some fossil body. loved; .. . . ) 
’_J_ " The upper strata are finer grained, Avith a Her soul Avill at twilight glide doAvn with the dew, > 
„ ^ J. 1 11. • i.1 Our feelincre to hallow, our Virtue renew; < 
Among the phenomena of waterfalls and resinous lustre; and on weathering the sur- sail on the white clouds of morning, and throw ( 
river gorges the Cataract of Niagara is just- face is harsh and sandy to the touch; this, An influence down with its shadows below; \ 
ly regarded as holding the first rank, and as however seems due to the presence of mag- i 
standing an index in the path of time, by nesia rather than silex. _^ 
AV'liich the influence of numberless ages up- Agricultural Characters. —ThetAvomem- COURTEOUS REPLY TO AN INFIDEL. ( 
on the surface of our planet may be record- hers of this group are marked, to a consid- - ) 
ed. Its present, its former and its prospec- erable degree, by a difference in the soil.— An American traveler being unexpected- ( 
tive conditions have engaged the investiga- The destruction of the shale has given rise ly detained at the mole or quarantine in 
tion and speculation of many philosophers, to a clay, Avhich mingling Avith the more Odessa, Avas very civily offered “ half of his ^ 
The possible consequence of its entire re- sandy productions of the Medina sandstone apartments, and a sofa to lie on,” by a young 
duction, and the drainage of the upper lakes, on the north, has produced a soil of un- Englishman, who acted as a translator to . 
have excited the Avonder and apprehensions equalled fertility; and there is rarely, if the mole. After they had formed an inti- / 
of many. The estimated time of its reces- ever, to be found a better Avheat-groAA'ing mate acquaintance, and one CA'cning had re- ^ 
sion has sprinkled gray hairs among the fresh soil, than the portion overlying this rock.— tired to rest, the traveler asked his friend ( 
locks of the young and blooming earth, and In some places it has- a greater amount of how he could endure the blasphemy which 
alarmed those Avho Avould consider her still argillaceous matter than is desirable, and Avas so constantly heard there. The young ; 
youthful in years. forms a stiff’ soil; but Avhere the slope of the Englishman replied, that “ as a gentleman, < 
But amid all these speculations, Niagara surface is sufficient for effectual di’ainage, it these things Avere disagreeable to him, but ^ 
still remains ; the thunder of its catai'act produces no inconvenience. as to then- being intrinsically wrong, it Avas ) 
still reverberates through its deep chasms, The soil covering the limestone, particu- no matter of concern to him, as he denied ' 
and its ocean of water still rolls on as, un- larly Avhere it is a httle elevated above the the truth of ail revelation, and believed Je- < 
known to the Avhite man, it rolled a thousand country on the north, is of a loamy charac- sus Christ to be an impostor.” ^ ( 
years ago. When avc come to the investi- ter, the argillaceous nature of the mass be- The traA'eler, Avithout supposing the re- ) 
gation of facts, Ave find thafi except to trav- Ioav haying had little influence. In many mark Avould be heed(3d except by courtesy, ^ 
elers and the aborigines, Niagara Avas un- places hoAvever, for a small extent, the sur- replied; “Either Christ w^ an impostor, or ^ 
knoAvn until Avithin the last fifty years; and face is clayey, and even extremely so, as if he Avas not. If he was an impostor, Ave ha\'e ; 
that even during this time no accurate ob- the materials of the loAver rock liad been the inconceivable phenomenon of a b^e S 
servations have been made, no monument deposited upon the higher. An example of man practicing virtue, self-denial, charity, | 
erected to determine Avhethcr thq, falls are this kind occurs a little Avest of the village forgiveness of injuries, through his whole ( 
retrogTading or not. The testimony of liv- of Lockport, Avhere the limestone is cover- life, in spite of scourging-, contumely, and ^ 
ing Avitnesses and historical evidence unite ed by a clayey soil, Avhile amile or tAvo fur- even crucifixion. Is it philosophical to sup- s 
in confirining the opinion that the Avater is ther east, the soil is a liglAt loam. The lat- pose that a bad man Avould hike so much I 
wcarfrvg aAvay the rock, and that the outline ter character also prevails in some places pains to make men good ? But if he was , 
of the falls has changed. From these gen- near Rochester, aiffi at otlicr points along not an impostor, than he has told the truth, i 
eral observations, it has been estimated that the outcrop of this limestone. This char- and avc must belicA'c him.” ( 
they have receded at the rate of hijput forty acter of the soil, together Avith the rapid “ Is it possible that I neA'cr saAv that^be- ^ 
feet in fifty years. YVithout pretending to drainage to Avhich it is subjected, from the fore!” Avas the only reply of the young Eng- ) 
question the accuracy of this or any other fissures or joints in the limestone, as Avell as lishman, but the argument sunk deep into \ 
estimate of the kind, or to establish any rate the proximity of the rock to the surface, has his heart; aud Avhen the traveler had arriv- ( 
of retrogression in the falls, Ave may examine given rise to a different groAvth of timber, ed at Alexandria, he received a lettei) from ) 
COURTEOUS REPLY TO AN INFIDEL. 
though Avithout specifying time. ash, and the associated forest trees; that praying him not to forget “ his Odessa con- 
Both in relation to the former condition and along this limestone is indicated by oak, vert”—American Ahssionarg. 
to the future recession of the falls, AA^e may re- chesnut, and others of the same nature.— — --- 
gard the problem as undecided Avith respect Natural History of Neto York. FAMILY, TH E SCHO OL OF FREEMEN. 
to time. So many disturbing caiises are - ..- 1 France needs a Washington.” said Lam- 
constantly presenting themselves, that, al- HOPE. artine. “France needs a people,” one of 
though the great principles may be regard- , our orators renliod “ France needs moth- 
ed as established, still it is impossible to cal- ^ ou aviU scarcely find a man in all the ‘ P ^ profound remark of 
culate accurately the effect of these minor j ranges of our creation whose bosom bounds ’ y ^ i 
cuiaie accuraxeiy luc cueui uic&u jiimui r’-m-iriMTi to ■NT-itioIpoh TLd Eam - 
influences. The recession of every mile not at the mention of Hope. What is hope f ‘ 1 q] o-rcat school for trainim^ 
changes the Avhole aspect: ncAv elements are but the solace and stay of those Avliom it ‘ the o-rearnurserv of nietv Iti^ 
brouo-htinto operatiin; the nature of the most cheats and deludes-whisperings of 
brought into operation ; the nature oi the 
strata varies; the relative height of certain 
portions, and the elevation of the Avhole cas- 
health to the sick man, and of better days 
to the dejected—the faiiy name on Avhich 
cade is altered; and Ave haAto had time to young imaginations pom- forth all the poe- 
there that the key-note of character and des¬ 
tiny is struck by a rude or gentle hand.— 
It is there that the passions are disciplined, 
and the motives of action arc implanted 
observe only one of the phases, and to rea- try of their souls, and whose syllables float ------- - is tlmre tharo^^^ 
son from that to the future, before the con- like aerial music into the ear ot frozen and _P^ formed of reverence for authority 
dition is changed, and we must take into paralyzed oid jo. In the long catalopie submission to wholesome 
the account new influences, which the pre- of human griefs, there is scarce one of so ^^^^q affection for kindred, which 
vious changes have called into operation. crushing a pressure, tliat hope loses its elcU- elements of good citizenship, and 
T'Urt i-iiffAiN.ni'D 111 Mpvatmn Lf't.wr'pn ticitv. bccomino' Unable to soai and biniD a i.i i _ 
vious changes have called into operation. cruslnng a pressure, toat hope loses its e^^^^ dements of good citizenship, and ^ 
The gTcat difference m elevation between ticity, becoming unable to soar and bnno . q o-races Avhich are alone ^ 
Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and the oc- down fresh and fa r eaves from some far off TalYZ I 
currence of the Cataract of Niag^ara, form domain Avhich itself creates. And goverment is essentuilly paternal, and has 
one of the most striking featmes in the to- whilst hope is the great inciter to exeittoii domestic constitution. ( 
poQ-raphy of YVestern Ncav York. Ihedii- and the great soother of Avretchedness, avIio rnE,, o-ronf, fumilv of the re- ' 
pography of YVestern New YTork. The dif- and the great soother ot AATCtchedpess, wlio 
ference in elevation of the upper great lakes i knoAvs not that it ordinarily deceives man- 
The Church is the great family of the re¬ 
deemed on earth; and heaven has no coun- 
... ..ri - -- - . . , 1 .1 , i * j . 1 ^ r i. ^ aCCilllCU. Ull Uanili aiiu iiuavcii Iia» iiu 
is comparatively small, they being nearly m kind, and that, though it croAvd the to t ^rt so complete as the Avell ordered 
the range of the strike of the strata, while ^vith glorious resting-place, and thus teinpt influence, then, that 
the passage from Lake Erie to Lake Onta- ^ to bear up awhile apnst accumulated _^y^ 
rio is directly across the line of dip.^-' Lake disastci-s, ite palaces and gaidens vamJi as safety and well being of 
Erie is 334 feet above Lake Ontario, and w(} approach, and we are kept from despan ^^^^q the prosperity of the Church. 
the greater part of the descent from one to only because the pinnacles and loiests ot __ 
the other is overcome by the rapids and falls another bright scene fringe the horizon, and yy^^LTii may be regained by industry^ 
of the Niagara river in the space of one the (leceiver hnds us AAnllmo to be yet again repaired by temperance, knoA^iedge 
mile. deceived Hope is a beauhful meteor; but P. ^ fHeSslIip 
Niagara A silico argillace- nevertheless this mcteoi, like the lainb^w, into forgiveness, even forfeited rep- 
ous limestone forms the bed of passage from is not only lovely because of its seven nch q penitence and virtue, 
the soft shale beloAv, to the purer limestone and radiant stripes ; it is the memoiial of ^ jq^ vanquished 
above. YVhen freshly exposed it is often of covenant betAveen man and his Maker, tell- _ recalled his slio-hted years and 
a dark or bluish color, but soon changes to mg iis that avc ai-e born for immortality, des- q .^Yith Avisdom —or effaced 
light gray or asben; and though variable in tined-AAto sepulchre our greatness to the i.^co^.q the fearful blot of a 
character, it is a constant accompaniment of highest honor and noblest happiness. Hope ,.^ted life ? 
the group as far as obsen^ed. It forms a proves man deathless. It is the struggle of --- 
good hydraulic cement, Avhere it has been the soul breaking loose from Avhat is perish- young should be spared from sor- 
used for that purpose. able, and attesting her eternity. Hev. II. much as possible. Never dim the 
Tn tb(> eastern nart of the district, these : Melville cnnsliini* of lione and iov. so as to leave 
used for that purpose. 
In the eastern part of the district, these 
beds of passage are succeeded by a dark 
bliush gky, swborystalline limestone, of a p.>EnTY of conscience is a natural nghk 
rough Liture, .aid separated into thin and ho that would maintain it mast give it i> ) ----- 
cou?ses hy dark shaly matter. When not. also- . AVe often censure the conduct of others, 
too much divided hy seams, it forms a du- Zeai, without jiidg-mont, is like gunpow- when, imdcr the same circurnsmnces. we 
rable building material. This again is sue- der in the hands of a child. might not have acted half so well 
The young should be spared from sor¬ 
row as much as possible. Never dim the 
siuisliine of hope and joy, so as to leave 
them Avithout even the memory of its 
miffht not have acted half so well 
