MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
91 Hi 
essentials to PRODTJCnVE FARMING. 
The following sixteen essentials for pro¬ 
ductive farming are from the pen of the 
former editor of the American Farmer, 
which is, we believe, the oldest agricultural 
paper in the United States:— 
1. Good implements of husbandry, and 
plenty of them, which should always be 
kept in perfect order. 
2. Deep Plowing and thorough pulver¬ 
ization of the soil, by the free use of the 
haiTow, drag, and roller. 
3. An application of lime, marl, or ashes, 
where calcareous matter or potash may not 
be present in the soil. 
4. A systematic husbanding of every 
substance on a farm capable of being con¬ 
verted into manure; as systematic a protec¬ 
tion of such substances from loss by evap¬ 
oration or waste of any kind, and a careful 
application of the same to tl«i» lands in 
culture. 
5. The draining of all wet lands, so as to 
relieve the roots of the plants from the ill 
effects of a super-abundance of Avater, a con¬ 
dition equally pernicious as drought, to 
their healthfid growth and profitable fruc¬ 
tification. 
6. The free use of the plow cultivator, and 
hoe, with all row-cultured crops, so as to 
keep down, at all times, the growth of grass 
and weeds, those pests which prove so de¬ 
structive to crops. 
7. Seeding at the proper time, with good 
seed, and an equal attention as to time, with 
regard to the period of working crops. 
8. Attention to the construction and re¬ 
pair of fences, so that what is made through 
the toils and anxious cares of the husband¬ 
man, may not be lost through his neglect 
to protect his crops from the depredations 
of stock. 
. 9. Daily personal superintendence, on the 
part of the master, over all the operations 
of the farm, no matter how good a manager 
he may have, or however faithful his hands 
may be, as the presence of the head of the 
farm, and the use of his eyes, are worth 
several pairs of hands. 
10. Labor-saving machinery, so that one 
may render himself as independent as need¬ 
ful of neighborhood labor, as a sense of the 
comparative independence of the employer 
upon such labor, begets a disposition of obe¬ 
dience and faithfulness on the part of the 
employed. 
11. Comfortable stabling and shed.s, for 
the horses and stock; all necessary outbuild¬ 
ings, for the accommodation of the hands, 
and protection of the tools and implements, 
as well as for the care of the poultry. 
12. Clover and other grasses to form a 
part of the rotation of crops, and these to 
be at the proper periods plowed in, to form 
pabulum for succeeding crops. 
13. The Clover field to be either plas¬ 
tered or ashed, each succeeding spring, one 
bushel of the former, and six of the latter 
per acre. 
14. To keep no more stock than can be 
well kept, hut, to he sure to keep as many 
as the farm can keep in good condition, as 
it is wise policy to feed as much as possible 
of the crops grown on the farm, and thus 
return to it that which has been abstracted 
from it. 
1-5. To provide a good orchard and gar- 
dfn — the one to be tilled with choice fruits, 
of all kinds—the other with vegetables of 
different sorts, early and late, so that the ta¬ 
ble may, at all times, be well and seasona¬ 
bly supplied, and the surplus contribute to 
increase the wealth of the proprietor. 
16. The taking of one or more goefd ag- 
rlcxdtural papers. 
WIRE WITHES FOR FENCE. 
A WEEK or two ago we mentioned the 
plan we saw adopted by Mr. Fifield, on his 
farm in this town, of using wire for fasten¬ 
ing liis stake and board fence, instead of 
common withes. 
In conversation with him the other day, 
upon this subject, he informs us that they 
do first rate for that purpose. He Avas care¬ 
ful to obtain the toughest kind of wire that 
he could find. The size he uses is No. 13. 
A piece of Avire sufficient for a Avathe costs 
a third of a cent, or three of them for a 
cent 
The mode of making the fence is, after 
laying along his boards, to drive down his 
st^es—tAvo at each end of the boards. A 
piece of rope is then tied around the tops to 
hold them together, a stone laid at the bot¬ 
tom of the stakes on Avhich the under boai’d 
rests, to raise it from the ground, Avhen put 
between the stakes; a wire is then tAvisted 
around the stakes, a suitable distance above 
the board, another board placed upon it, and 
so on. Two wide boards or three niuroAv 
ones are sufficient to make a panel of fence. 
If the ground be clayey, and the stakes 
aie piished up by the frost, a rap or tAvo on 
their tops, in the spring, will settle them 
down again. We think this kind of fasten¬ 
ing is much cheaper than the common Avithes 
can be, which Avill seldom last over a year. 
—Maine Farmer. 
Cure fqb a Founder. —immediately on 
discovering that your horse is foundered, 
mix about a pint of unground sunflower 
seed in his provender and it will efiect a 
cure. It is a cheap remedy, and one of the 
best ever discovered. 
nrlitnltaral 
FRUIT GROWING IN WESTERN NEW YORK. 
THE POMME GRISE APPLE. 
Mr. Editor: —I noticed in the last Aveek’s 
number of your valuable journal a descrip- j 
tion of the Pomme Grise Apple, given by 
that esteemed friend of horticulture J. H. 
W. His description is correct in eveiy re¬ 
spect, except as to its origin, AA'hich he as¬ 
serts to be English—Avhereas Forsyth, Lou¬ 
den, DoAvning, Thomas and others, very 
justly gives it to Canada. I maintain that 
the Crise was largely cultivated in Montreal 
before the conquest; therefore it cannot be 
a British apple. 
I arrived in Montreal forty years ago, 
Avhere I found many old orchards of the 
Orise, some of them going to decay, which 
would make them at least sixty years old at 
that time —making them now a hundred 
years in that country. 
Again: if it is a British apple it is strange 
her own Colonies, (now the United States,) 
should knoAV nothing about so famous a 
fruit. And finally, if she claims it, (Avhich 
I never heard before,) it must be on the 
same principle she claims the Kerry pippin 
as a British apple—because her magesty 
rules that country. J. Donnellan. 
Greece, March 18, 1850. 
Note by J. H. W.—We suppose our au¬ 
thority good, (it bemg Mr. Goodsell,) that 
the “ Pomme Grise” was originally from 
England. Our friend Donnellan, as he 
says, has knoAvn it very long in Canada.— 
From its name Ave suppose it of French ori¬ 
gin, and Mr. Barry suggests that it was 
brought over by the early Jesuits. He ex¬ 
pects soon to have a valuable Avork on fruit 
from France, and when it airives more light 
may possibly be had relative to this charm¬ 
ing fruit 
Peaches in Ohio. —We learn from the 
Ohio Cultivator that the peach buds are 
very extensively injured in all southern Ohio. 
They have had some extreme cold weather 
for that region, but not equal to Avhat Ave 
have had in Western New York and ex¬ 
perienced no injury. In this section the 
peach is never injured, unless the ther¬ 
mometer is from 10 to 15 below zero. But 
in Ohio, Avarm Aveather in January so ex¬ 
panded the buds that a much slighter de¬ 
gree of cold than usually effects them lias 
been fatal to that desirable fruit We ex¬ 
perienced tlie same fatality last year, and 
can feelingly sympathize with the fruit grow¬ 
ers of Ohio. 
EARLY VEGETABLES.-GRAFTING. 
Lettuce, garden cress, and peas, may be 
sowed as soon as the frost is out of the 
ground. These are not injured by frost, 
and the seeds will germinate at a low tem¬ 
perature. 
Grafting may be performed as .^n as 
the sap is in motion. In grafting cherries 
and plums, it is perhaps better to commence 
before the trees have started at all. 
We hope all our agricultural friends will 
have something to graft this season; but in 
doing so, they should be careful to secure 
the finest variety of its kind, and have noth¬ 
ing to do with second-rate fruit Careful, 
thrifty people, also, have also groAving some 
young apple, pear, peach, quince, and plum 
sprouts, ready to receive grafts. By this 
means a farmer becomes possessed, in a feAV 
years, of the very best descriptions of fruit 
at little or no expense. Many of our friends 
follow this course, and Ave should be glad 
to see it adopted by every farmer. Fruit 
in this region has become an object of im¬ 
portance to the faimer’s treasury, and no 
one should neglect entering more or less in¬ 
to the raising of it who has a due regard for 
his interests.— Germantown Tel. 
Gardening in California. —Those who 
have turned their attention to gardening in 
El Dorado, seem to have been better paid 
than many Avho have been busy at “ dig¬ 
gings” of the other sort One market gar¬ 
dener, near San Francisco, sold his entire 
crop of melons (which are as easily grown 
there as turnips,) for $4,000, averaging $1 
each. We saw a letter a few days ago 
from a reliable source — a gentleman of our 
acquaintance, who has purchased nearly a 
mile square on the Sacramento—in which 
he stated the latest prices of farm and gar¬ 
den products as follows: Hay, 12-^ cents 
per lb.; cabbages, $4 each; onions, 30 cts. 
per lb.; potatoes, 20 cents per lb.; <fec.— 
He has ordered a quantity of the best gar¬ 
den seeds (a great scarcity there) from one 
of our seedsmen, and intends to try the 
productiveness of the soil on a considerable 
scale the coming season.— Horticulturist. 
It is stated that a species of vegetable 
has recently been discovered, which points 
to the pole with the same unerring certain¬ 
ty as the magnetic needle. 
The Niagara Democrat has the following -- ■ ■ ^ - 
truthful and timely remarks on this subject: MAZING BUTTER IN WINTER. 
«We have had occasion, heretofore, to Editors-—I have noticed a 
observe, that there is no region m the Uni- 
ted States where the soil and climate is bet- number oi articles m the New-Yorker on 
ter adapted to the succes.sful cultivation of butter making; and think there is a better. 
Fruit, than the district of country which surer, and easier method of making butter 
lies along the south shore of lake Ontario. | in winter than bv scalding the milk. Al- 
Especially is it so in reference to those sta- ' rience in that bn- 
pie Iruils, the Apple and the Feach. Our . , , , • , , , • i • 
own county of Niagara may challenge com- ®^ness, although it has been short in this 
parison Avith any territory in the United State, for I was bred in Y ankee-land,— the 
States, in reference to the size, productive- “land of steady habits,” where our forefath- 
ness and general good qualities of its apples, ers and mothers work by rule. 
And there is no region Avhere the apple t i n i x • • 
Txxi 11 .° 1 X • ^-x In the first place, all vessels containing 
requires as little labor and care to insure its ^ i 
rapid and healthy growth, none in which ^ulk should be kept sweet and clean. In 
it has fsAver vicissitudes to encounter. It the second place, milk should be kept in a 
has already been fully demonstrated that warm room; let it stand two or three days; 
our sandy and gravelly lands, especially near skim it in the morning Avhen it is cold and 
the lAe capable of producing the peach ^ ^ ^ 
abundantly, and of un excellent quality.— ■ ° . ’ , ,, . x « 
The show of Quinces at our County Fairs, as not to freeze. In the third place, 
has equalled the best ones that have been cream should be churned once a week; the 
had at our State Fairs. Pears, plums, and chum should be kept sweet and clean, as well 
cherries may be easily and abundantly pro- as all other vessels containing milk or cream. 
... , . , , The cream should be Avarmed gradually 
W e are telling nothing neAv, but rather , , i . t i , , • 
repeating Avhat is Avell knoAvn, in order to made hot It may be churned in 
suggest to our farmers increased attention fifteen or thirty minutes and make good, 
to Fruit Culture .It is a pleasant business, sweet, solid butter, tinged with yellow—as 
as they will all acknowledge, and Ave believe fair as the hly in all its beauty. In the 
it is to become Avith them a Aery profitable place, the butter should be worked 
one. 1 he apple, if proper attention is paid . , x n xt, i. xx -n i. x 
to the choile kindl, is to always ha™ a “ buttermilk that you 
ready sale, at fair prices. With large cities immediately after churning; and the 
and Aillages so near that the ripe peach can folloAving day shoidd be thoroughly worked 
be carried to them, that fruit Avill pay well: —not half worked, as I have seen butter in 
and so with the quince and the choice va- many places, where by cutting ofi“ a piece 
rioties of the poar. 'rhere is now nothing buttei-milk would follow the knife, and 
produced by our farmers that sells for bet- . , • . . ’ . 
ter remunerating prices, or finds a quicker buttei prove of a strong flavor, unfit for 
sale than dried apples, peaches, plums, and editing; (that is,) unfit to gratify the taste 
cherries. And there need be no fear that of one Avho is in the liabit of eating sweet 
they will become a drug, or that there Avill butter. 
be an over producaon. Western New Yor-k j there are many who do notknow 
has the Great West to compete with in the , ^ i i xx • • n i. x i 
producaon of whe.at, corn, and pork. The ^hat good butteris; especially butter made 
West can never be its successful competitor winter; but assure them that, if they 
in the matter of the fruits avc have enume- will foUoAv the above plan, they never need 
rated. We say to our farmers, put out more to have strong or ill-flavored butter, but 
InraMlit dtontinii]. ^unwrona anii SniMtag. 
fi uit, to be ^sure, it does not tell in such compare it Avith the far famed 
large sums as Avheat, and other grains, ixx urTn 
neikr does it require so much hai-d labor; Bennett. 
and more mixed pursuits of agriculture and Porta ge, N. Y., March, 1850. 
rural economy must be had, to successful- . ^ - 
1 X xi • • xi. X 1 A jNeav Kind of Cheese. —An esteem- 
ly encounter those exigencies that are here- i x* • i • i. • i. 
Vx X ^ ° ed friend, in Avhose recipes we have great 
alter to occur. i • n ^ • i. j ° -xi. 
_-,- ..n.-i, i -i--u-ua ._ confidence, has kindly lurnished us with 
CINCINNATI HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. following method for making good 
-;— . cheese: Boil good white potatoes, and 
We have just received the Pfi^c list of -^vben cold, peel and mash them till not a 
this soaety, for the annual exhibition, to lump remains. To fiA'e pounds thus prepar- 
come oft on the 11th and 13th of Septem- g(j a g balf of sour milk, and 
her next It is a^anged on a A’^ery liberal gg nauch salt as may be deemed necessary 
scale, the premiums bemg such as may ^ season the mass. Having Avorked it well 
very properly be deemed some compensa- jgj be coA’-ered, from two to four days ac¬ 
tion to those Avho take especial pains to raise cording to the state of the Aveather; then 
fine fruits, and give their time and attention -w^gi-k again, make the cheese the size you 
at exhibitions. We extract the folloAving ]jke and then let them dry in the shade.— 
froni a fist of about 150 prizp: ^ After they have become sufficiently dry, 
‘ Best display of apples, silver cup, $20; pigge them in pots or pans, and let them 
best 10 varieties, $10. Best (fisplay of remain a foi-tnight or more. In this Avay 
peais, silver cup, ®20; best 6 varieties, not cheese of a most excellent quality may be 
less than 6 of each, $10. The same for niade and Avhat is of no small consequence, 
peaches, four prizes for gi-apes, and equally ggg be kept for years without the slight- 
hb^al piizes foi other classes of fHute, veg- gg^ deterioration from the effects of age, pro- 
etables, and flowers, including a $25 silver yijed it can be kept drvx A friend Avho 
cup for the best design of cut flowers. j^gg j^gj j)^g pleasure of eating cheese pre- 
We also notice the following liberal item pgred in this manner, speaks of it in the 
among the Rules for the show: j,gst terms.-J/aine Farmer. 
“ With a view to the greatest usefulness, __ 
the society has opened the door to all ctd- nt 
J X'. . _ KT?PTT>r’ TmT? A VT?PV CTTP-ppm-D Ma-DV7Vt/>. 
highest terms.— Maine Farmer. 
Recipe for a a^ery superior Marking 
tivators, irrespective of location; and re- r mAKKUNi. 
.<• 11 • -f xi X • • • x- I^E-—Gne hundred grains of lunar caustic, 
spectfully invites them to join in competing x j i. e ° x.- i 1- 
1 , ., •’,1 • X ft -x® two di-achms of gum arable, one scruple of 
for the pnzes, and to aid the society in its ° , • ’ , f F 
, ^rt x-x R X i. sap green, one ounce of ram water; mix the 
efforts. Competitors Avho are not members ° • ’ r x • x ti i 
X 1 ft in 1 above mgredients in a tw-o ounce plual, and 
are expected to pay one dollar, as a record- i i -x ° x-i xi, i, i • j- i j i 
XL • ^ i -1 1 xi, . shake it until the Av-hole IS dis.solved. Cork 
mg fee for their articles, and otherwise con- -x i i i l f PrPnTr-itioTi 
form to the rules and regulations of the Closely and fieep it lor use. Freparafion 
„ ° to wet the linen before tt ts marked — Tavo 
S ATTIC 
‘■The OMo great Agricultural Fair, the ' 
Ohio Mechanics’Institute exhibition, the as- .p, , ^ f e gum ara ic. 
sembling of the American Pomological Con¬ 
gress, are all appointed to take place at the 
same time in our city, making it an occassion ri^_, xr n xr 
ot unusual interest to all; especiaUy to our n -n* x i -i -x i x r- 
brethren at a distance, it offers gjeat in- ^ toboff; .t tees most of ,K nu- 
ducements to attend. It U exceelngly de- ■ .n ®' “ 
Sirahle t.hAt the f™it of thHve.t I the _saucepan; the 
The linen, as soon as marked, to be expo¬ 
sed to the sun or air. 
suable that the fruit growers of the West tVxvinxxv v.t.e+ t + •» l i i " 
11 L • • f xi • 11 • former is best Let it be lukeAvarm. f he 
should bring specimens of their collections v i l i i • xi l • l i-x 
-iLr, ; ^ X- f xi, TD 1 • 1 ,-1 bread may be soaked in tlie basin by a lit- 
for the inspection of the Fomological Con- xi i x x -xi, i x x J 
gress, which will be composed of the most * '‘U "'f ’ r’ 
mtelligent from all the Suites and Canadas.” to P°«»°g th° mdk m. 
— Horticidturist. 
Grafting Wax. — S. W., of Portage, 
Worth Knowing.— It it said that a small 
piece of resin dipped in the water Avhich is 
says that from thirty years experience he ^ vessel on the stove, Avill add a 
^ .X np^xiilmr nronpi*t.v tn t.Vip Ht.mnRrvViprA nf t.]ia 
has found the following a good composition 
peculiar property to the atmosphere of the 
room, which will give great relief to persons 
for grafting wax: 5 parts rosin, 1 of bees- troubled Avith a cough. The heat of the 
wax, and 1 of tallow—melted together, water is sufficient to throw off the aroma of 
turned into water, and Avell drawn. For the resin, and gives the same relief as is af- 
early grafting a part or the whole of the tal- [ fty ^ combustion of the resin. It is 
low may be changed for lard. ' to coinbustion, because the evap- 
T-r 1 xi X 1 X J -11 oration is more durable. The same resin 
He saye also, that locust seed will grow „ fo, 
when gathered any time of year, if thrown _ 
into milk at the boiling point, set by for two *• p never knoAv any m 
or three days, and then planted. thor, “who could not bei 
into imiK at tne ooning point, set Dy tor two “I never kneAv any man,” says an old au- 
or three days, and then planted. thor, “who could not bear another’s misfor- 
-- tunes perfectly like a Christian;” which re- 
To the weak and craven-hearted the minds us of the old lady who thought ev- 
time for honorable achievement never comes, ery calamity that happened to herself a 
Men of spirit are the masters, not the trial, and every one that happened to her 
slaves, of time. friends a judgment. 
BOB WADDAM’S HORSE TRADE. | 
“ Y ou know Bob W ad dam, I reckon,” said | 
Uncle Mike. ; 
“ Not that I recollect,” I replied. 
“ Well, Bob was an amazin’ hand at tra- ' 
din’ bosses, and generally come out ahead 
too. I never knew him really girdled and * 
the underbrush cut but once.” ■ 
“ How Avas that. Uncle Mike ?” 
“ Why, jou see Bob had been gettin’ a ; 
gray boss in some of his deals, that was jest 
about as nice a boss to look at as ever put i 
his nose through the rack sticks. He was a 
human lookin’ boss and nothin’ shorter. He 
Avas always lookin’ arter stars, and carried 
his tail like the National flag on the 4th of 
July. But he would’nt work — he was 
above it. He’d almost stop when he suav his 
shadow followin’ him for fear he might be 
draAvin’ it” 
“Now then, says Bob, some individual is 
bound to be picked up.” 
“ So makin’ an excuse that gray’s shoes 
wanted fixin’, he sent him to the blacksmith’s 
and harnessed up his t’other bosses, hitched 
on to a wagon load of stone, and droA-'e 
doAvn to Sam Hewett’s tavern. Here he 
stopped before the door took out the near 
boss, and hai-nessed him up in his place.— 
Bob went in and took a drink and Avaited 
around until some feller should come along 
who wanted to speculate.” 
“ He had’nt waited long ' Avhen he see 
some feller cornin’ up the road like all pos¬ 
sessed, his bosses imder a full run, while he 
Avas saAvin’ the bits and hollerin’ too! wo' 
with all his might and main. He managed 
to stop ’em after he got a little by Sam Hew¬ 
ett’s, and turnin’ ’em around, he come up 
a slappin’ his hands and cussin’ that sorrel 
boss.” 
“ He’s never ready to stop,” says he, “that 
boss ain’t — an tho’ he’s the best boss I 
ever OAvned, yet blast my eyes if I don’t get 
shut of him.” 
“Well, just then out comes Bob, and 
mounted his wagon jest as if he Avas goin’ 
to drive oftj when says he —” 
“ Hallo! stranger, perhaps you’d like tc 
deal Avith me for a steady one ?” 
“ Why, yes,” says the stranger, “ I would 
hke something a little more quiet than that 
go-ahead snap-dragon rascal of mine.” 
So Bob looked at the sorrel, and found 
him a fine square built animal, his eye full 
of fire, and every muscle in play. 
“ Well,” says Bob, “ a feAv words does for 
me. There’s my gray — here’s your soiTel. 
What’s your proposition ?” 
“ Now you’re talking,” said the strangei, 
examing the gray as he stood liitched to the 
load of stone. “ I’ll give you sorrel and tho 
best forty dollar clock in my Avagon for the 
gray:’ 
“Done,” said Bob, “just unhitch.” 
Neither of them had a.sked t’other ques¬ 
tions, ’cause neither of ’em Avanted to an¬ 
swer any. The bosses Avere exchanged. — 
Bob had got his clock, and the stranger got 
into his Avagon, took up his lines, and bid- 
din’ ’em good day, was about to start, Avhen 
"gray put a stop to it, and Avould’nt budge a 
hair. In vain did the stranger Avhip and 
coax,— not an inch could he get. There 
sat Bob, laughing in his sleeve, almost ready 
to burst, to see how the stranger Avas try¬ 
ing to start and could’nt. Not a Avord did 
the stranger say, hoAvever, but after he had 
got quite tired, and had given up trying i*: 
any more he came and sat doAA'n on the 
horse block. 
Bob thought he might as well be going , 
so picking up his ribbons — “ go along,” says 
he. The sorrel turned his head and looked 
back at him, as much as to say “ don’t yoi: 
Avish I Avould ?” but did’nt stir a peg. In 
vain Bob coaxed and patted. Sorrel Avas 
thar and Avas’nt any Avhere else. 
“Well, I reckon it’s my turn to laugh 
now,” said the stranger, “ I ’spose you’ll call 
again Avhen you come to toAvn.” 
“ Oh, never mind,” says Bob, “ sorrel will 
go, or else you couldn’t get here with him.” 
“ Oh, yes,” says the stranger, “you can 
stai-t him if you’ll only bring some shaving-s, 
and kindle a fire under him, as I did.” And 
than he laughed again, and Avhen I came 
hAvay they Avere playing a game of Old 
Sledge, to see who should take ’em both. — 
Cincinnati News. 
“ Great age ” this Ave live in. People 
don’t laugh noAv-a-days—they indulge in 
merriment. They don’t Avalk—they prom¬ 
enade. They neA^er eat any food—-they 
I masticate it. Nobody has a tooth pulled— 
it is extracted. No one has his feeling’s 
hurt—they are lacerated. Young men do 
not go couiling the girls—they pay atten¬ 
tion to the young ladies. It is vidgar to 
visit any one—you must only make a call. 
Of course you would not think of going to 
bed—you Avould retire to rest Nor AA'ould 
you build a house—they erect it So we go! 
Keen Retort. — During the late can¬ 
vass in Michigan, a surgeon dgntist was ma¬ 
king an excellent speech in one of the inte¬ 
rior toAvns. A low fellow, belonging to the 
other party, interrupted him w’ith the ques¬ 
tion, “ What do you ask to pull a tooth. Doc¬ 
tor ?” “ I Avill pull all your teeth for a shil¬ 
ling and your nose gratis,” replied the speaker. 
