VOLUME I. 1- 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-THURSDAY, APRIL f, 1850 
trees, as tlieir weiglit is constantly dragging 
tliem over. Never completely cutaway all 
the limbs and old wood from large grafted 
trees till the third year, or the trees will 
have dead wood. Never allow an apple 
tree to spindle up in the centre; cut it off 
and make it spread. Graft old trees lus low 
as po.ssible, or you will have the bearing 
wood so high, that the v)ood-peckcrs will 
never find them, or you either. 
Now is the time to look out for the grub 
at the roots of peach trees. If they throw 
out gum of a reddish color, follow tlu^ cavi¬ 
ty till you find the creature; sometimes there 
are more than one in a tree, but, nc'.ver two 
in one hole. 
Be kind to young cows—kindne.ss is of 
more virtue to make them good milkers than 
the gad or pitch-fork handle. In the barn 
yard let your moderation be known to all 
animals; and iti the held Avhatcver your 
hands find to do, do with all your might, 
for the race is to the swift, and the battle to 
the strong—with a ble.ssing. So tliinks the 
Prompter, and if ho don’t like to ^urac^/ce, 
he likes to advise —it is so easy. 
Promi'teu. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
PUBLISHED WEEKLY. 
Office in BumH’ Block, comer of Bufialo and State 
etreetfl, (entrance on State,) Rochester. 
DIFFEREJTT METHODS OF FARMING. 
Thkhe would seem to be but one proper 
way of conducting farming operations, that 
is to say, on soils of kindred character and 
in a common latitude; yet the modes of cul¬ 
tivation, despite the teachings and experi¬ 
ence through the columns of a large num¬ 
ber of able agricultural journa].s, many of 
them dating back a quarter of a century or 
more, arc numerous, and in no s/nall degree 
conflicting. This, properly considered, is not 
very surprising, seeing that, in a district of 
country of any considerable extent, the va¬ 
riances of the weather may be such iis to 
make no small difference in the weight of 
crops of a common character, even though 
the mode of planting and culture are the 
same in all. Should such an influence op¬ 
erate adversely, in one section, aa<i favorably 
in another, it Ls easy to see that the disap¬ 
pointed ones may impute the iailure to im¬ 
proper culture or a want of adaptedness in 
the seed to the soil, involving, a.s may be 
sup]K)sed, a change in both on a succeeding 
season. Allowing this supjxvsition true, 
much of the contrariety, witnessed in' the 
modes of fin-ming, is accounted for without 
looking fiirther; but be the cause what it 
may, there is little prospect that uniformity 
in the mode of farming will be among the 
triumphs of this or many succeeding ages. 
But, alloAV’ing that a common standard of 
fiu-ming operations in this regard to be, in 
a measure, unattainable, there, are many 
other matters^connected with a proper man¬ 
agement (jf the farm which are not subject 
to the disturbing influences to which we have 
adverted. ^ I 
With some farmers, whrkse location has 
given them a munificent soil, there seems to j 
b(.‘ a remarkable obliviousneivs to the value ^ 
of manure or the recuperative piower it is ' 
able to impart to a waning soil. This im¬ 
putation applies not to the good and obser- 
vent farmer; since such an one is always on 
the fdert to save all that will tend to give 
heart and vigor to the soil he cultivates.— 
Such a man will not follow the fashion which 
once obtained—in an early day be sure—in 
certian portions of an adjoining State, where, 
to avoid the inconvenience of long accumu¬ 
lations of manure about the barn, the ex¬ 
pedient of building a new one was resorted 
to, or as an alternative, the offending mat¬ 
ter wars dum 2 }cd into the nearest flowing wa¬ 
ter. These practices have passed away, but 
there is much to be done yet in the way of 
.saving the ifliment necessary to the proper 
sustenance of a hardy and consfiintly work¬ 
ed soil. 
But, without further amplifying a matter 
alreaily sufficiently labored, we proceed to 
note what appears to us are important omis¬ 
sions in the management of most fiu-mers. 
In the fimt place they pay too little atten¬ 
tion fij the laying out or mapping of their 
farms. In many portions of Western New 
York, tlie reclamation of the soil, from the 
dominion of the forest, is of but compara¬ 
tively recent date, and those at cill acquaint¬ 
ed with the scanty means possessed by the 
pioneers and the manner of commencing a 
“clearing” will not need to be told that 
method, or farm mapping, had little to do 
with these incipient movements. There 
wjis little regard paid to the angles or form 
of a field—to the differing capabilities of the 
ground or to the facilities of reaching the 
different compatrments of tlie farm. Much 
of the original irregularity parUuning to these 
farms, remains to the present time, in not a 
few insUuices, much to the detriment of the 
farmer and his crops. In such instances as 
these the fii-st thing to be done is to regu¬ 
larly map the firrm, having regard to the 
size of the fields, and making them, as far {is 
pracucable,rect{in g-ualar and of easy approach 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
(iMte Publisht'i- and Associate Editor Gen. Farmer.) 
L. B. LANGWORTIIY, Associate Euitok. 
Corresponding Editors: 
ELON CO.MSTOCK, (former Ed. Central N. Y. 
Farmer,) of Oneida County. 
T. C. PETERS, (Editor of the Wool (Jrower,) 
of Genesee County. 
Educational Department by E. W’E'I'HKRELI.. 
(O’ Foil Terms, &:c., see last page. ,-0 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT, 
NOTES FOR THE MONTH. 
, Tuk robin, the blue-bird and the w'cx)d 
) pigeon arc here—the bees are in the air— 
; {vnd the whip-poor-will {ind boblink ai'c at 
) hand. Nature and all her concomitants iire 
/ awake and at work. Be up and doing; for, 
contrary to the time honored saying, the nice 
is to the swift in farming. How mtmy are 
j before-hand with their work ? How many 
] who have set the time for planting, or sow- 
: ing, or performing other important duties, 
■ have to wait a day for the time to arrive ? 
; None. Rains, bad w^eather, unforseen mis- 
j haps, and a thousand contingencies occur to 
’ put every one behind. So be up and do- 
: ing; seize time by the fore-lock—but if you 
; can’t get that hold of the old slippery thief, 
stick as clase to his skirts as you can. 
If you have not cut your scions for graft- 
i ing, do it in five minutes. It is probably 
■ too late now to cut cherries mid plunis.— 
j Look to the bee-hives, iind clean out the ^th 
) and dead from the bottoms. Clean up your 
) door yards; make asnug pile of all the trash, 
\ bark, chips and saw dust for the women to 
; throw their wash upon; by fall it will be 
; wortli a golsh in California. Keep it above 
, ground and no bad smell will be created; 
) the decomposition of the ivoody miittcr jiro- 
duces sufficient carbon to deodorize .‘ill ef- 
fluvifi. A front yard covered ivith .ill kinds 
/ of combustibles and abominations, looking 
' like tlie battle ground of a ivliirl-wind, will 
; never sell the farm or the daughters. 
Fix up the fences, and put blocks or stones 
! under the corners, and stakes over them. — 
^ Old bars make excellent oven toood, and 
\ good gates help to fill the oven with bread. 
■ Put your manure into heaps to avoid leach- 
\ ing and to assist decomposition, but don’t 
remove a load till the moment you want it 
s —this is scripture non-scriptta. 
') Spring wheat, oats, rye, pe.‘us and barley 
' may be sown the moment the weiither will 
) permit Carrots cannot be sowui too soon. 
) Beets may wait till the first of May, and ba- 
; gas till the 10th or 15th of June. 
Early this month the kitchen garden may 
'i' be looked to. Sow‘ lettuce .and early peas, 
> onions, carrots {ind pamnips, and keep the 
{ other seeds in the bag. Gnifting may be 
> done tliis month; cherries, apricots {ind 
) plums, eiirly. Put the apricots on plum 
' stocka 
) 
) Keep your cattle out of the meadows and 
> young orchards; they are as fiital {is the 
) sirocco of the desert. Look out for worms’ 
) nests the moment the leaves open; a squirt 
’ of tob{icco juice, if you arc damned by that 
^ filthy luabit, or the twisting of {i slim rod in 
PLAN OF A FARM OR SUBURBAN COTTGAE. 
this plan I'or a small Farm Hou.se, are of the \ 
most common description, to wit: {i parlor, \ 
a living nxmi or kitchen, a pantry and a bed ^ 
room, on the first floor; {ind tliree bed rooms, 
with closets, on the .second. It is manifest I 
that this singuhirly odd, yet more than or- \ 
din{irily convenient an’angement, is adopted ] 
for the s.'ike of tlie novelty of the external 
foT in — ji form which will produce a very 
pleasing effect wlien tinished in the most 
simple style, and which is particularly adapt¬ 
ed to a liigh degree of ornamentation. f 
In this design tlie piirlor is 1 ',i k feet square, ^ 
inside measure; the kitchen by \ 
the bed room, which has a small closi't, 13-|- > 
by H; the paiitiy f54 by J-; the hall or en- ) 
triince 7-A- by T-^-; ilie p.'issage 2 feet 8 ^ 
inches wide, ami the stairs 2 feet 4 inches, j 
’J hf b»-u nxuns ii, ♦h" second stor/ are of i 
the same size a.s the diree lower rcjoms, and < 
directly ovei- them, 'rhe sp(ice over the j 
piintry affords room for two gcxid sized clos¬ 
ets. The parlor chimney {iscends only to ) 
the chamber floor, and ,‘i pipe runs from it 
across the p{iss{ige to the miiin cliimney.— ^ 
’J’hc rear gable is of the s.ame heio-htasthe I 
Thk accompanying plan of ii (.hittage 
will, we think, attract attention on account 
of its beauty {ind novelty. The design is 
adapted to either Town or Country. As a 
Farm CotUige it will probiibly meet the 
views and wants of many who wish to build 
at a moderate expense. It will also nuike 
a neat luid cheap Suburb.an Cottage. I'he 
style of {irchitecture and finish can be v:i- 
ried to suit the taste and means of the own¬ 
er.' The cost wall vary from ^500 to ^800 
—depending of course upon style of finish, 
expense of materials, &c. &c. 
The plan is thus described by {i cori es- 
pondent of the Genesee Farmer, in which 
piiper it w.as originally publisluid: 
FARMER’S ACCOUNT BOOK. 
F.armkhs would find it a great source of 
pleasure, profit, and improvement, if they 
would keep a diary of ail the firm transac¬ 
tions—of great storms, {ind clumgesof the 
weather—tlie forwardness or b.ackw.'irdness 
of the se.ason—the first appeanmee of the 
blossoms of fruit trees— the period of put¬ 
ting their ajiimals, .'ind the time of their 
coming in—eummenccmenl of haying {ind 
harvesting—first green coni, peiis and cu¬ 
cumbers. Every act {ind rel.-ition of fiirming, 
and the seasons, are useful and interesting 
for reference, and future comparison. 
It is of such eiLsy performance that there 
LS no excu.se for its neglect. If they do not 
wish or feel capable of going into a com¬ 
plicated set of books, let them get a simple 
merchant’s day-book, at the cost of half ii 
dollj^r, {ind enter under date, every tninsiic- 
tion of the day. If he happens to be un- 
accu.stomed wu-iting, let one of tlie boys 
write while he dict{ites, it will constiintly im¬ 
prove his hand, {ind his mind—prove {is 
plea.s{int {i half hour’s employment {is {iny 
in the twenty-four. 
There is no coniplic{ition or difficulty in 
it; simply to state the naked transaction,— 
articles bought—money received—for what 
and from whom—men employed {ind price 
of labor— horses, shod—to mill with so 
many bushels, (fee., (fee. And when the 
long nights of fall and winter come on, post 
up the books ,either into a ledger or in sop- 
{irate .accounts—see what the outgo imd in¬ 
come is—compare the expense of this crop 
with tluat, .and the m.anagement and profits 
of one field with another; so as to form an 
estim{ite of the profits {ind expenses of the 
yeiir, .‘is compiirod w'ith other yeais, as to 
productiveness per acre, and miirket price. 
Such a course is not only satisfactory and 
profitable, but frequently settles dispulos 
and avoids lawsuits, and often is tlie best 
pnxif of facts that can be produced. We 
will in our next give the form of doing all 
this, in the simplest manner, and {idiipted to 
the capacity iind ability of every farmer in 
the Union. 
GROUND PLAN. 
[H. Hall or outnince. P, Parlor. L, Living 
room, or Kitchen. B, Bod room. P, Pantry, with 
shelves, f, Principal chimney. A, Parlor chimney.] 
“ The number tnid uses of the rexims in 
with as little loss of land as possible. .\ nuip 
thus made should be accompanied with such 
remarks as shall set forth the capabilities of 
each—the use eticli is put to—the amount 
of seed used—the crop resulting—the cost 
of the whole, including interest on the cost 
of the land—together with the nett product 
of eiich field. In tliis way ii farmer will 
have his planhition under full control and be 
{ible to vary his crojis and mode of culture, 
as experience should have proved to have 
been most profibiblc. 
'rhe.se hints are not thrown out because 
they are supposed novel, but for the reason 
that, though known, they are in too many 
instances forgotten or unheeded in practice. 
S{iw strait grained stuff of any hard wood 
0 inches wide and thick; saw other 
the same thickness, 4^ feet long, 7 inches 
wide {it one end tind 4 inches wide at the 
other; cut with {i siiw {icross the wide end 
(and 8 inches from the end) mch deep 
and split (.)ft‘ so as to form a shoulder. Then 
cut your 0 by 1-^ stuff, 3 feet long; clap 
the wide end of the other on to this 3 foot 
piece in such ivay as to fi.irm a c{i[)it{il T in¬ 
verted, (thus jj) niiiling them strongly to¬ 
gether; bore 2^- inch holes at proper dis¬ 
tances through tliis tiipering piece for rails 
to piiss through, hiiving the lower rail pass 
through both pieces. Saw the mils 2 inch¬ 
es square and 14 or 10 feet long, having a 
piece of inch board with <ion‘e.sponding holes 
to slip on to the middle of e.‘ich length or 
pannel. Set these ground or cross nieces 
on flat stoiii's, so thiit thev will rest on the 
stones {It each end — cap with inch stufif 6 
inches wide. If you wish to have a mova¬ 
ble fence, ra.ike each jiannel by itself; or if 
stationary, then bore the holes immedi,ately 
above each other. j. u. 
Adams' Jiusm, March, IS-YO. 
MOVABLE FENCE. 
Eds. Rur.vl Nkiv-Yorkku:— 1 have be¬ 
come a subscriber to your valuable paper 
.and would wish to make a suggestion in re¬ 
gard to fences, since the subject is so often 
referred to by your correspondents. Mr. 
Langwoutuy will recollect the mini:iture 
length of fence exhibited {it the Monroe 
County Fair, in 1844, (1 think.) 'This kind 
of fence has been used to .some extent, in 
this neighborhood, and found to do well, as 
no part of it is to be in tlie ground. It is 
made as follows: 
11k is to be considered rich who is out of 
debt, and supports his family comfortably 
{ind crediUibly by his occupation. What 
farmer may not be thus rich ? 
