MOOEE’S ETJEAL NEW-YOKKEE: AN AGEICULTUEAl AND FAMILY JOUENAL, 
LIST OF PATENTS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending May 21, 1850. 
from the soil, and in like proportions; and 
thus, by especial manures, 1 can restore to 
the land exactly what the crops have re¬ 
moved ; or if I want to vary the crop^ I 
vary the composition of the manure accord¬ 
ingly. In this second edition of my Lec- 
EMERY’S CYLINDRICAL DYNAMOMETER. 
We commend this invention to the atten¬ 
tion of agricultural societies, manufacturers 
of plows, and others wishing an instrument 
to determine the draft of plows, and other 
implements, in order to decide upon their 
relative merits. In the engraving, figure 1 
represents the instrument complete;—fig¬ 
ure 2, the piston detached, showing the 
popet valve, orifice for the fluid, and gradua¬ 
tions on the piston rod. 
To Charles Baeder, of New York, N. Y. for im¬ 
provement in machines for polishing raw' hide 
whips. 
To John Bevin, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
proved arch girder. 
To J. H. Dakin, of Baton Rouge, La., for im¬ 
provement in machines for drjdng bagasse. 
To P. S. Devlan, of Reading, Pa., for arrange¬ 
ment and connection of screw-propellers. 
To J. G. Garretson, of Salem, Iowa, for im¬ 
provements in hand looms. 
To J. Jack, (Assignor to Alfred Bell,) of Nunda, 
N. Y., for improved wickets for lock-gates. 
To E. .Tenney, of New Bedford, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in machinery for sawing staves. 
To S. Lewis, of Tiffin, Ohio, for improvements 
in machines for sawing wood. 
To J. A. Mav’nard, of Boston, Mass., for device 
for discharging ashes from tuyers. 
To J. C. Parry, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for method 
of giving rotary motion to fluid iron in casting rolls. 
To C. Ross, of West Buddick, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in feed-regulator for canals. 
To C. Schiele, of Frankfort, Germany, for im¬ 
provement in the form of rubbing surfaces for reg¬ 
ulating abrasion. 
To J. M. Seely & W. E. Tomlinson, of Lock- 
port, Ohio, for improvement in attachments to mills 
for preparing com in the cob for grinding. 
To John Shuttleworth, of Frankford, Pa., for 
improvements in power-looms. 
To S. Stevens, (Assignor to G. Forbes,) of East 
Brookfield, Mass., for machine for grinding spiral 
knives. 
To T. C. Theaker, of Mansfield, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in apparatus for setting logs in saw 
mills. 
To J. p. White, of Hartford, Ct., for improve¬ 
ment in lathes for turning. 
RE-ISSUE. 
To W Emmons, of New York, N. Y., admin¬ 
istrator of C. Emmons, deceased, late of New 
York, N. Y., for improvement in planing ma¬ 
chines. Patented June 27, 1848: re-issued May 
21, 1850. 
DESIGNS. 
To D. Root, of Cincinnati, Ohio, or design for 
stoves. 
^ tures, (exhibiting the book,) the first of! 
/ which has been printed in this country, I i 
< have published a series of recipes, by w’hich ] 
special manures may be compounded for all 
the crops we are in the habit of raising, and 
which have been made up from the results 
of experience and analysis, and which you 
will find worth your attention. 
Experimental Agriculture is a brancli 
now in its infancy; but what has been done 
has been sufficient to excite inquiry and in¬ 
duce experiments, with a view to determine 
the effect of this and that substance, when 
applied to this or that crop, under different 
circumstances. These recipes to which I 
allude have been tried, but not always with 
success, 
Now, to make any 
ment of knowledge, we 
ments made in the field as ac 
the laboratory. 
because not applied with care.— 
advance in this de])art- 
must have cxperi- 
icurately as in 
J. 1 have taken up this sub¬ 
ject, and had just prepared, before I left 
home, a book on Experimental Agriculture, 
a volume of which has been sent me here. 
It is a history or review of the experiments 
which have been made, and the suggestions 
drawn from them, as to what should be 
done to open up this new field of research. 
It is exceedingly interesting to find theoret¬ 
ical results practically exemplified and test -1 
ed by actual experiment, as in the case I 
have mentioned of the application of bones 
to the grass lands of Cheshire. But after 
all, the result to which it is necessary to look, 
in these days, is that Vhich shall enlist the 
largest number in favor of these researches, 
viz: the result which puts the most money 
in the pocket of the farmer. This is the 
point with reference to w'hich experiments 
must be carried on. This will be the ob¬ 
ject of the succeeding volume of my book, 
in which the results of succeeding experi¬ 
ments will be given, in improving the con¬ 
dition of the soil. 
I must p:iss over tlie application of lime 
as a manure, and several other matters con¬ 
nected with this subject. It is an interest¬ 
ing department of study. The subject of 
lime alone, of which I intended to speak, 
might form the subject of two or three very 
interesting lectures, but I cannot go into it. 
Now you cannot fail to see from this 
course of lectmes, the strictly scientific 
partof which I bring to a close this evening, 
that there is an exceedingly wide and ex¬ 
tended application of science to the farmers’ 
art, and that this is not merely^ theoretical, 
but has a positive and practical bearing iip- 
on the method by which the fiu-mer may 
increase his crops and his profits. The four 
last lectures are more or less connected to¬ 
gether, as the same chemical principles are 
comprehended in them all. A ou must have 
seen how closely connected are the differ¬ 
ent departments of the farmers’ art, and how 
many beautiful relations subsist betw'cen that 
art and the connection of man with the earth 
on which he lives—the connection in fact, 
of all life, animal and vegetable, with the 
You will recollect 
Mr. H. L. Emery, of Albany, N. Y., the j 
author of this invention, gives the following 
account of its peculiar advantages:— 
“ This instrument is intended to be used 
as a comparative test of the power required 
to overcome the resistance of bodies under 
draft and more particularly that of plows. 
The common spring instrument has many 
faults, among which the most important 
are its vibration, and its want of self-deter¬ 
mination in pounds of the medium force 
constantly required to perform the work.^— 
This invention is not only free from these 
faults, but it also indictaes the absolute rel¬ 
ative quantity of force expended in perforra- 
ing a given quantity of work. It consists 
of a strong iron cylinder with piston ground 
steam-tight, the piston rod passing through 
a stuffing box, and terminating with a ring. 
The cylinder being filled with the proper 
fluid, and a small hole made through the 
piston, by applying the force to the ring, the 
piston is drawn out in a given time and by 
a given force. The State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety, American Institute, and the Worces¬ 
ter Mechanics Association, each awarded 
the inventor a silver medal and the highest 
recommendation for its correctness and 
utility.” _ 
Mississippi sometimes, in summer, it is 
however rarely seen to the northward of 
Altamaha river, and even along the penin¬ 
sula of Florida is a rare bird; in Jamaica 
and several other of the West India islands, 
Mexico, and Guiana, it is more common, but 
confines itself chiefly to the seashore and 
the mouths of rivers. It wades about in 
quest of shell-fish, marine insects, small 
crabs, and fish. In pursuit of these, it oc¬ 
casionally swims and dives. 
This bird is of a beautiful pink color, 
with a mixture of black at the lower part 
of the neck. The most common species, 
however, is that which bears the name of 
the white spoonbill, save that in some rare 
exceptions it is entirely white. This bird is 
about the size of a heron, but somewhat 
shorter in the neck and legs. The bill is 
more than half a foot long and has the shajie 
of a spoon. 
day of September, which was the 35th 
Psalm. You must remember this was the 
next morning after we had heard of the 
horrible cannonade of Boston. It seemed 
as if heaven had ordained that Psalm to be 
read on that morning. 
“ After this, Mr. Duche, unexpectedly to 
every body, struck out into extemporary 
prayer, which filled the bosom of every man 
present I must confess I never heard a 
better prayer, or one so well pronounced.— 
Episcopalian as he is. Dr. Cooper himself 
never prayed with such fervor, such ardor, 
such correctness and pathos, and in lan¬ 
guage so elegant and sublime for America, 
for Congress, for the province of the Mas¬ 
sachusetts Bay, especially for the town of 
Boston. It had excellent effect upon every 
body here. I must beg you to read the 
Psalm. If there is any faith in the sortes 
of Virgilianag, or Homericae, or especially 
the sortes Biblica;, it would have been 
thought providential.” 
Here was a scene worthy of the painter’s 
art. It was in Carpenter’s Hall, in Phila¬ 
delphia, a building which still survives, that 
the devoted individuals met to whom this 
service was read. 
Washington was kneeling there, and 
Henry, and llandolph, and Rutledge, and 
Lee, and Jay, and by their side there stood, 
bowed in reverence, the Puritan patriots of 
New England, who at that moment had 
reason to believe that an armed soldiery 
was wasting their humble households. It 
was believed that Boston had been bom¬ 
barded and destroyed. They prayed fer¬ 
vently “ for America, for the Congress, for 
the province of Massachusetts Bay, and 
especially for the town of Boston;” who can 
realize the emotions with which they turn¬ 
ed imploringly to heaven for divine interpo¬ 
sition and aid ? 
“ It was enough,” says Mr. Adams, “ to 
melt a heart of stone. 1 saw the tears gush 
into the eyes of the old, grave, pacific Qua¬ 
kers of Philadelphia.” 
DANGER OF STRIVING FOR RICHES. 
Riches got by deceit cheat no man so 
much as the getter. Riches got by fraud 
are dug out of one’s own heart, and destroy 
the mind. Unjust riches curse the own¬ 
er in getting, in keeping and in transmitting. 
They curse his children in their father’s 
memory, in their owm wasteful habits, in 
drawing around them bad men to be their 
companions. 
While I do not discourage your search 
for wealth, I warn you that it is not a cruise 
upon level seas, and under bland skies. — 
You advance where ten thousand are bro¬ 
ken in pieces before they reach the mart; 
where those who reach it are w'orn out by 
their labors past enjoying their riches. You 
seek a land pleasant to the sight but dan¬ 
gerous to the feet; a land of fragrant winds, 
which lull to security; of golden fruits 
which are poisonous, of glorious hues which 
dazzle and mislead. 
You may be rich and pure; but it will 
cost you a struggle. You may be rich and 
go to heaven; but ten, doubtless, will sink 
THE FIR ST T ELEGRAPH. 
The first telegraph that we have any ac¬ 
count of, was put in operation in England 
in 1816. Two clocks were placed at a dis¬ 
tance, so regulated as to run precisely alike. 
On the face was the alphabet, over which 
was placed a thin board with a slit cut in 
the edge sufficient to show a letter when it 
moved round. A wire was enclosed in a 
glass tube under ground, and at each end 
were placed these two clocks, both set to 
show the same letter in each slit. At the 
end of the wire two little pith balls were 
suspended, and with a person stationed at 
each end, wc are ready to operate. When 
the letter B, for instance, could be seen 
through the slit at one end, the same letter 
could be seen at the other end, and if it 
was the letter required, the operator would 
send through a current of electricity, and 
disturb the little pith balls mentioned above. 
They would then wait for the face of the 
clock to move round to the next letter, when 
the pith balls would again be disturbed, and 
so on, until the message was communica¬ 
ted. This was a slow manner to telegraph, 
but it has one advantage over those now in 
use, it was universally correct. 
THE SONG SPARROW. 
The Knickerbocker, for May, gives, in 
the “ Editor’s Table,” the following passage 
of a letter from William C. Hosmer, the 
poet, relating to the Song Sparrow, a famil¬ 
iar bird iii these parts, of great sweetness of 
note, but little talked of hitherto: 
“I have entered so heartily into )mur 
beautiful conception of bringing out, in due 
time, an annual of poetry upon birds, with 
plates, etc., that I have availed myself of 
my first leisure hour, since my return here, 
to fulfil my promise of calling your atten¬ 
tion to the Song Sparrow, and giving some 
hints upon its traits and habits. It has long 
been my favorite bird, and I am, I confess, 
not a little jealous of its reputation, not only 
as a sweet and unrivalled singer, .but as a 
pattern of all the beautiful traits and charm¬ 
ing virtues that adorn this poetical race of 
God’s creatures. It is a bird of the humb¬ 
lest pretensions, modest in its demeanor and 
apparel, and seems to love, at a somewhat 
timid and safe distance, the companioiLslup 
of man. They abound in the Chemung 
valley, and I have met them in many other 
parts of the State; and although Dr. De- 
Kay thinks they are not common in the in¬ 
terior of this State, my own opinion, found¬ 
ed upon long observation is, that there is 
scarcely a district where they are not to be 
IRON CHIMNEYS. 
present stale of things, 
the interesting facts 1 have mentioned, show¬ 
ing the intimate connection between the cir¬ 
culation of the blood, and vegetable as well 
as animal life. You recollect the striking 
fact that the plant extracts the carbonic acid 
from the air and the animal destroys it, re¬ 
converting it into carbonic acid and water. 
Suppose this cycle should cease, and that i 
either the plant or the animal should not 
perform these functions, it is obvious that 
all animal and vegetable hfe must cease.— 
But in the larger cycle, viz: that subsisting 
between the soil, tlie plant and the animal, 
it will have been seen that the interruption 
of the functions of either would destroy all 
vegetable and animal life. There is a still 
larger view of this subject, which compre¬ 
hends the contemplation of the earth as one 
of a system of bodies revolving around the 
sun; the sun traversing space and the earth, 
and all the planets accompanying it. As a 
member of the system, it is of no conse¬ 
quence whether its surface is covered with 
an imal or vegetable life. All animal and 
vegetable life might cease upon this earth, 
and yet the earth continue its revolutions 
unchanged, and the system of the universe 
would not be affected. Gentlemen, we are 
not essential parts of the universe, but mere 
accessories, placed here at the will of the 
Almighty for purposes of his own, which 
we can, perhaps, in some degree fathom, 
and so far, it is our duty to follow them out 
If the Deity has made all these things which 
adorn the earth, animal as well as vegeta¬ 
ble, and above all has placed man as part 
of the system, I cannot help thinking, that 
it is His will that we should investigate 
them, and see if we can, why he has put 
them before our eyes and under our feet— 
These investigations furnish congenial em¬ 
ployment for intelligent man, and result in 
substantial rewards. But among them none 
yield more substantial returns than those 
which belong to the intellectual cultivator 
of the soil, who studies nature in order to 
render the soil more fertile, and contribute 
to the happiness of the human family. 
Valuable Inventions. —Mr. A. Hyer 
Brown, of Albany, has just invented a butt 
for connecting hose instantly, without the 
assistance of wrenches or any other instru¬ 
ment The butts now in use are secured by 
the means of a screw, which takes some 
time to adjust By Mr. Brown’s method, 
the two extremities of the hose are fitted 
together by a single motion, as a bracelet is 
sometimes clasped, or as a lamp is fixed in 
an astral globe, an interior arrangement of 
leather and India rubber making it water 
tight under any pressure. Dr. Johnson, of 
New Orleans, has invented a “Fireproof 
Rope ” for steamboat tillers, marine steam¬ 
ers, and all purposes for which Manilla or 
hemp is used as rope, and exposed to the 
action of fire. 
do not leave us at all. Where they hide 
through the winter, I have no means of 
forming any conjecture; but certain it is 
that they are the very earliest harbingers 
of spring, and remain and sing long after 
the passage birds have gone from among 
us. I have heard them since my return 
here, now on the twenty-ninth of Novem¬ 
ber ; and it is by no means uncommon to 
hear them in this quarter until the last 
warm day of autumn has yielded to the 
rough grasp of winter. They may be very 
easily mistaken for the ground bird, or grass 
bird, by one who does not notice particular¬ 
ly ; the general appearance being somewhat 
similar, and the size nearly the same. The 
distinguishing marks are, however, quite ap¬ 
parent to the close observer; and the song 
—oh! how I wish Shelley could have heard 
it at the first opening of spring! I have 
never heard the real sky-lark, but I will 
back my bird against it, on any genial 
spring day, give me but fair, unbiassed 
judges. If that rarest of all poets, who had 
witffin him the soul of a thousand birds, 
could have listened to the blithe strains of 
the little song sparrow, it would not have 
remained the obscure bird it is. For a 
more particular description of its haunts 
and habits, allow me to refer you to our 
State Ornithology, and the authorities there 
cited. It builds generally in shrubs, but I 
have known it to build in the pine near my 
door. The scientific name, Fringilla Me- 
lodia, is highly appropriate, and belongs 
It is good manners to let others speak first more properly to this bird than any other.” 
ford, of Watertown. The engine is of two 
horse pov,'er, but they can be made of any 
desired size. This one was intended^ fpr 
driving a printing press, in Buffalo, and is 
so simple in its construction, that a lad who 
can feed a fire is capable of taking charge 
of it We understand these engines are 
used extensively among the farmers of Jef¬ 
ferson, in dairy operations, threshing, <fec. 
The whole weight of the engine, boiler, 
water, &c., does not exceed 1000 pounds. 
It is easily handled; requires no brick work, 
and occupies little more room than a four 
foot stove. The cost of one of two horse 
power, is only $160.— Ex. 
Improvement in Pitchforks. —Mr.Alin- 
zor Clark, of Southfield, Richmond county, 
Staten Island, has invented an improvement 
on pitchforks which is well worthy of pat¬ 
ronage and for which he has taken measures 
to secure a patent The improvement con¬ 
sists in the manner by which he can trans¬ 
form the fork from one of two prongs, to 
three prongs, so as to make it more suitable 
for forking and pitching both long and short 
hay, (fee., as may be desired. The trans¬ 
forming of the prongs can be performed in 
a second and either two or three prongs, are 
retained firmly in their places. We like to 
see improvements in agricultural implements 
— agriculture is the right hand of our na¬ 
tional prosperity .—Scientific American. 
Irradiation of Light. —It is a curious 
fact, that if the same letters of the same 
size precisely are painted on two boards, 
the one white on a black ground, and the 
other black on a white ground, that the 
white letters will appear larger, and be read 
at a greater distance than the black. This 
is owing to what is called the irradiation of 
light. It depends on this, that the impress¬ 
ion made on the bottom of the eye by 
bright objects extends a little wider than 
the actual portion of the organ struck by 
the light, and invading the space occupied 
by the darker objects, makes the brighter 
appear larger than they really are. 
Spontaneous Heating of Iron. —Cast 
iron when brought into the air after it had 
been for many years under salt water, has 
become red hot. In 1836, some cannon 
balls were raised from the ship Mary Rose, 
which sunk in a naval engagement near the 
Isle of Wight, in July, 1545, nearly 300 
years before. These balls all became hot 
on exposure to the air, and fell to pieces. — 
The cast iron gratings, after being long im- 
mei-sed in the porter vats in the large brew¬ 
eries of London, grow hot when the porter 
is drawn off, from a similar cause.— Wilkin¬ 
son. 
