VOLUME I. 1- 
ROCHESTEK, N. Y.-THURSMY, JUNE 13, 1850 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
PUBLISHED weekly. 
Office in Bums’ Block, corner of Buffiilo and State 
streets, (entrance on State,) Rochester. 
judicious farmers—Carrots, Ruta Bagas and 
several varieties of Beets. The crop varies 
from 1,200 to 2,000 bushels (of 70 lbs. per 
bushel,) to the acre. 
Inorganic manures, as Bone Dust, Guano 
Poudrette, <fec., are but sparingly used"in 
this district, with the exception of Plaster 
and Ashes. 
Fruits of almost all kinds succeed in this 
district—the fine varieties, particularlv, on 
a strip of land 50 or more miles wide reach¬ 
ing from Oswego to Lake Erie, which is 
famous for its Peaches, Nectarines and 
Apricots—though many of the observers 
of the climate and change of seasons think 
that the day is not far distant when this 
ability will be lost from the clearing of the 
country and the admission of sweeping cold 
winds. 
The Apples most esteemed for winter 
fruit, and which are now shipped north and 
east by hundreds of thousands of barrels 
annually, are the Esopus Spitzenburgh, 
Swaar, Baldwin, Rohde Island Greening, 
The Red Root and Canada Thistle are 
great pests on farms—particularly the for¬ 
mer, which is with great difficulty eradicated 
from tilled soils. 
The question so much mooted, whether 
wheat turns to chess, is not yet settled to the 
entire satisfaction of a majority of the far¬ 
mers, though the better informed part of 
community scout the idea. 
The Insects that most annoy the garden, 
the field, and the orchard are the Cut-Worm, 
{Phaloena noctua destructor,) Earth Grub, 
{Melo lontha vulgaris,) Rose-bug, Apple- 
tree Caterpillar, ( Clisiocampm Ameri¬ 
cana,) Apple-Worm, {^Oarpocapsa, 
upon the plea that “once hoeing is better 
than twice,” and probably also under the 
idea that a second hoeing will break down 
and injure the top, and especially that “it 
injures the crop to work it after the tubers 
have set,” they give “one good hilling” and 
call the work finished till digging time. 
Now our method of cultivation is as 
follows : Supposing the ground to have 
been well prepared by thorough plowing 
and harrowing, the rows furrowed out both 
ways, or what is just as well furroAved one 
way and cross marked with some light 
machine which marks several rows at once, 
and the planting well done, we Avould wait 
only for the plants to appear from one to two 
inches above ground, when the cultivator or 
small plow should be passed through the 
rows both ways, and a slight hoeing given. 
The work will be nearly done with the cul¬ 
tivator or plow, and the hand labor very 
light, as but little earth will be put about 
I the hilla They may then be suffered to 
reniain until six or eight inches high, when, 
and most certainly before the plants begin i 
to fall, or the tubers to set, the plow should 
be passed through twice in a row both ways, 
turning the earth to the hills, but taking- 
care to leave the hills flat and square rather 
than ridge them up too high so that the 
water will run off, as from the roof of a house. 
The men are then to follow after the last 
plowing, with the hoe, and give the finishing 
touch, which will be very slight indeed, as 
the ground will be very clean, and the Avork 
mostly done with the plow. 
By this simple process several advantages 
are gained. 1st The labor required is less 
and of a cheaper kind, than when only one 
dressing is given, for by taking it in season 
both times, the land is ahvays clean, and the 
work nearly all done Avith horse and plow, 
instead of hand. 
AMERICAN RURAL ARCHITECTURE. 
“Every man’s proper mansion and home, the theatre 
of his liospitalitie, the seat of seJf-fruition, the comforta- 
blest part of his own life, the noblest part of his son’s 
inheritance, a kind of private princedom; nay, to tlie pos- 
.sessor liimself an epitome of the whole world, may well 
deserve by these attributes, according to the degree of the 
master, to be decently and delightfully adorned.’’ 
So thought quaint old Sir Henry Wott 
TON, an eminent Avriter of the age of Queen 
Elizabeth, Avho tunong other works, publish¬ 
ed, in 1624, one on the Elements of Archi¬ 
tecture, then the best on the subject; and 
so think many now-a-day.s, being only 
troubled as to the manner and fashion of 
“ decent and delightful adornment” which 
shall accord with the degree of the master. 
Numerous books have come forth to their 
assistance, and profesaonal architects offer 
their science and taste to those of the rich 
who feel themselves destitute, so th^t we see 
now very recherche and scientific edifices of 
every imaginable order, rising in the neigh¬ 
borhood of our cities and villages, and even 
frightening the country from its propriety 
by their paint and plaster imitations of 
Grecian, Italian, English, French, Chinese 
and Egyptian structures, appropriate only 
to their own coxxntries 
the chai-acter of the inhabitants. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
{Late Publisher and Associate Editor Gen. Far 
'mer.) 
L. B. LANGWORTHY, Associate Editor. 
Corresponding Editors: 
ELON COMSTOCK, (former Ed. Central N. Y. 
Farmer,) of Oneida County. 
T. C. PETERS, (Editor of the Wool Grower,) 
of Genesee County. * 
Educational Department by L. WETHERELL. 
0° For Terms, &c., see last page. _r~Tl 
PROGRESS AJVD IMPROVEMENT, 
pomon- 
is rienu- 
^phar,) Peach Grub, {Aegeriaexitiasa,)Wire 
Worm, (^Elator lineatus,) Hessian Fly, (ce- 
cydomia destructor,) and are all great and 
constant depredators. 
At this period of the world it seems to 
us as if the regions of invention were almost 
exhausted, and that no great, important and 
startling discoveries remain to be made.— 
We think there is not verge and scope 
enough left to parallel this age with great 
and valuable improvements. It may be we 
are in an error which posterity alone can 
correct Two things which ever restless 
genius is seeking after may be predicted as 
unattainable. Flying and Perpetual Motion. 
The toys at present amusing that great 
suckling, the public, are the Gold Mines of 
California, recently discovered—the Second 
Advent—Mormonism — Anti-rentism—So¬ 
cialism—the extension of Slaver^—Annex¬ 
ation of all the Governments tliat join us 
and mysterious Tcnockings: all of which 
will be probably duplicated and enacted till 
the day of doom. L. B. Manly. 
June, 1850. 
INFORMATION FOR POSTERITY. 
Messrs. Editors: — By the public prints 
I observe that the authorities design in lay¬ 
ings the corner stone of the new Court 
House and City Hall, to deposit various rel¬ 
ics of the past and the present, together 
■with such historical facts relating to the 
County of Monroe and City of Rochester, 
as will interest those that may come after 
to its climate and 
There 
they seem in place, because they are the 
genuine expression of the wants and tastes 
of the owners—having been built before 
models and masters were so numerous, and 
when it was customary rather to set than to 
follow precedents. A late eminent critic, 
whose ideas we here condense, remarks, 
thui tlifc' incsL plf'iuresijUfc and charming 
forms of artistic expression in dress and 
architecture, were made in those good old 
days Avhen learning was at its lowest ebb, 
before a great variety of examples and 
precepts had destroyed the instinctive per¬ 
ception of fitness, filhng the mind with 
incongruous images. “ A barbarian and an 
ignoramus Avill consult only their own 
wants, and adapt their dAvellings to their 
necessities; but the half-enlightened Chris¬ 
tian who Avas born in a log-hut and has 
made his fortune in a narrow brick store, 
in the peaceful occupation of selling drugs 
or ten-penny nails, is troubled with ambiti¬ 
ous longings after the Avay of life which 
some chivalrous robber led in the good old 
times of ignorance and barbarism, or he has 
been fascinated by stories of the works of 
old, and he sends for an architect to build 
him a castle after the plan of Front de 
Bceuf’s, or a priory with an embattled roof, 
and a little tower into which he can scarce 
squeeze himself, Avith loop-holes for bow¬ 
men to shoot arrows; another has a romantic 
taste, and has read of love in a cottage and 
of rural delights, and he must have an 
Engfish Cottage; another affects the Italian 
Villa; and another the Turkish Seraglio.— 
Thus we have in the same degree of latitude 
which admits of but one style of building, 
the flat roofs of the tropics, the sharp gables 
of the north, the minarets of the east, and 
the low roofed cot of the quiet vales of 
England. But amid all this confusion and 
affectation, may be found here and there the 
genuine expression of honest ignorance and 
refined learning, which are generally alike 
in essentials, but only differ in execution.” 
There is some foundation for these stric¬ 
tures, but it Ccxnnot be denied that Rui-al 
Architecture has been advanced and im¬ 
proved, by the influence of these books, 
and the labors of these architects. Yet it 
seems strange that, instead of going to the 
old world for models and precedents, they 
have not studied to produce something in¬ 
digenous to the country—something adapt¬ 
ed to our wants, appropriate to our climate, 
and giving indications of the character and 
tastes of the mhabitants. Why, indeed, if 
they must imitate, have they not taken for 
The Isabella Grape is extensively culti¬ 
vated, and a fexv other varieties grown—al¬ 
most every yard or garden having more or 
less vines. It is hardy, ripens freely in this 
climate—sweet and of good flavor. 
Thirty years ago. Independence Day (the 
4th of July, a day that we at this period 
consider as invested with some little import¬ 
ance to the liberties of mankind,) was about 
the earhest period that green peas were pro¬ 
duced for the table; but by a judicious pro¬ 
cess of selecting and producing seed a state 
of precocity has been introduced, causing 
them to be found m the markets on the first 
of June, in favorable seasons. Beans pota- 
j toes and corn have had their periods of pro¬ 
duction greatly accelerated. 
The improved breeds of cattle most es¬ 
teemed are the Short-hom Durhams, the 
Devons, and Herefords, and their crosses 
with the common blood of the country. 
Of Sheep—the Merinos are preferred for 
fine wool. Saxonies having mostly gone out 
of general favor from the tenderness and 
delicacy of their constitutions. For the car¬ 
case and coarse wool, the Southdowns, Lei- 
cesters, and Cotswolds, together with the 
old natural stock of the country with more 
or less improved blood. 
Our Horses are of the best English and 
Norman blood, both for speed and work.— 
A mile has been trotted in 2.26^ by the 
mare Lady Suffolk. 
Perhaps no animal has imdergone a great¬ 
er improvement during the last 25 years, 
than the Hog, by the introduction of the 
Berkshire and Leicester breeds—not so 
much in size as in smallness of bone, com¬ 
pactness and an aptitude to put on fat. 
All kinds of agricultural implements, we 
think, are produced in great perfection.— 
Raping and sowing machines are coming 
into general use. Threshing Machines, 
Horse Rakes, Iron Plows and Cultivators, 
are as common as household words. Steam 
is talked of as a power for plowing, and will 
eventually succeed. 
The Grasses most esteemed for hay, are 
Timothy, Red Top and Clover. 
CULTIVATION OF POTATOES. 
The Potato is, after all that has been said, 
and all the trials which have been made of 
other roots, the root most successfully, and 
taken all in all, most profitably cultivated in 
New York and many other States of the 
Union. Not that we would say one word 
in disparagement of the Ruta Baga, the Car¬ 
rot and other roots grown for farm stock, for 
they are all useful, and under favorable cir¬ 
cumstances of soil and seasons, profitable; 
but-for large districts of country, there is 
nothing like the potato for uniformly suc¬ 
cessful crops, always excepting the rot, which 
we hope has in a great measure disappeared. 
We need not urge the value of this root 
for farm stock, whether for cows in milk, for 
fattening cattle or hogs, or for any of the 
purposes to which it is applied. Every far¬ 
mer in the land has used it more or less ex¬ 
tensively, and nearly every one, we doubt 
not, will bear testimony to its great value for 
feeding purposes. But it has another value 
hardly less important to the farmer in the 
place which it so profitably fills in a judi¬ 
cious rotation of crops, and the excellent con¬ 
dition in which it leaves the soil for subse¬ 
quent crops, either o^l, grain or grass. But 
it is almost too late to urge this point at 
present, as the planting season will be nearly 
past before this article Avill meet the eye of 
the reader. 
It is of the cultivation of potatoes, that 
we proposed to speak, and we proceed to 
make some suggestions directly to the point 
But first let us see how they are frequently 
2d. The ground being so 
frequently stirred is kept hght, meUoAv and 
clean, and the crop is constantly going 
forward instead of being at any time checked 
in its growth. 3d. By shaping the hills in 
the way we have suggested, which is done 
so Avell by the plow, the moisture which on 
all dry lands is so essential to the potato is 
all secured to the crop instead of passing off 
in the furrows, and the potato, unlike many 
other plants, requires most moisture in the 
hill where its roots are mostly to be found. 
4th. By keeping the ground clean and light 
until the tops are ready to cover it, Aveeds 
and grass will be kept out the entire season 
— tlie ground will remain meUow, and one 
half the labor of digging be saved. 5th. 
The land having been so well cultivated, and 
so clean and mellow, will be in admirable 
order for the succeeding crop. 6th. And 
lastly, but what is of first importance, the 
yield will be far greater than by the usual 
modes of cultivation, Avhile the labor has in 
the aggregate been much less. 
Many of the foregoing suggestions are 
quite as applicable to other c^ops as to the 
potato, but there is perhaps no crop more 
benefited by early, clean and thorough, yet 
cheap and easy cultivation. By this method 
we have grown, for years in succession, and 
on fields of from two to four acres, on land 
far better adapted to corn than potatoes, 
from two hundred and fifty to three hundred 
bushels per acre. This is not a great crop 
we are aware, but on lands not considered 
at all superior for that crop, but rather the 
reverse, we considered it a good yield. If 
any of our readers have a better method we 
shall be happy to hear from them. c. 
False Economy.— The American Agri¬ 
culturist estimates that there are ten farm¬ 
ers who waste $50 annually in manure, 
where there is one who pays a doUai- for 
an agricultural paper, wliich would show 
him how to save it. 
