MOORE’S REEAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
“IS THE EARTH FULL 
/ Tins question introduced a paragraph in 
) yesterday’s Journal, In 1845, while wait- 
) ing at the foot of the White Face Peak of 
( the Adirondac, for the clouds to remove 
from the summit, a lire broke out in the 
^ woods of the eastern slope of the mountain, 
j and soon this gigantic mountain was wrapt 
/ in a sheet of llame. The trees and every 
) combustible substance on the surface was 
c consumed, and the thin covering of loose 
' earth (about a foot in thickness) on ihe 
^ rocks, was calcined by the heat. About | 
j three years afterward, I again visited this 
I ^ mountain,' and found the burnt district a 
vast field of blueberry bushes. During the 
fruit season, more than 2,000 bushels of 
blueberries were gathered in this field for 
the Montreal market. 
(!i)rrljnrit anii dnriira. 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF THE GENE¬ 
SEE VALLEY. 
About forty years ago, the extensive bar¬ 
rens, lying between the Cumberland and 
Green River, in Kentucky, were covered 
with high grass, strawberries and wild flow¬ 
ers. Among the latter, the morning glory. 
Every autumn, when the grass had become 
dry, it was fired either by hunters or from 
the camp fires of flitters. I have seen a fir 
many miles in length traversing these bar¬ 
rens Avith the speed of a race horse. Ko 
trees could groAV here, but the grass re 
sprouted and appeared to gather new life 
from the fire. Since the barrens have be 
come settled, the autumn fires have been 
ppvented, and it is now a thickly wooded 
district. Chestnut, oak, and hickory have 
sprung up, and when I saAv the first early 
groAvth, it looked like one vast nursery^ 
bounded on all sides by the horizon. 
In my examination of the extensive 
plains lying between Lake Ontario and the 
river Ottawa, I found that districts of pine 
timber, which had been swept by the 
flames, Avere supphed with a new growth of 
hardwood in place of the pine. Near the 
borders of Lake Champlain, on the west 
ern side, farmers cultivate blueberry bush 
es; they pile brush on the ground laid out 
fir the berry field, set fire to the brush and 
burn it, and the next year the blueberry 
bushes spring up in abundance. 
_ These facts bear witness to the harmo¬ 
nies of nature, and give evidence of the fer 
tility of our beautiful earth. 
The most ancient account of our earth, 
makes mention of the_ “ffrass, the herb 
yielding seed, and the fruit-tree yielding 
fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 
upon the earth'’' 
The “fire-weed” is well known among 
farmers. This Aveed is planted by the fire! 
The place Avhere a coal pit has been burnt, 
may be easily distinguished by the luxuri¬ 
ance of its vegetable products. 
When Kotzebue was in the far Northern 
seas, he landed upon an Island covered with 
grass. His men, in making an excavation 
found that this island Avas a mass of ice, and 
that the loose earth in Avhich the grass was 
growing, was not six inches in thickness, 
In one of the Northern Lakes, I found 
the “ Lungwort,” as large as a teasaucer, 
groAving on the bare granite rock, Avith a 
stem not larger than a common knitting 
needle, and only a quarter of an inch in 
length. 
I carefully examined a vine which I Avas 
cultivating, and when its tendrils were mo¬ 
ving in search of an object to cling to, I 
placed a little stick near it, but at the op¬ 
posite point from that toward Avhich the 
vegetable hand Avas reaching. In an hour 
after, when I re-examined it, the tendril had 
turned about, and Avas winding around the 
stick. 
There is life in everything. The earth 
is full of life, and it is full of seeds, and 
they were planted by the hand of Him 
who made the world.—E. M., in Journal 
of Commerce. 
The late exhibition of this Society, held 
in the City Hall, Rochester, on the 26th 
ult., Avas a very forcible, and at the same 
time a very beautiful illustration of our hor¬ 
ticultural progress. To those Avho have at¬ 
tended all the previous exhibitions and ta¬ 
ken note of the articles presented from time 
to time, the advance made Avithin a few 
years, particularly in the fruit and flower 
department, seems almost astonishing. 
The display of StraAvberries, I believe, 
has never been equalled b(rfore in any part 
of the United States. More than twenty- 
five varieties, embracing all the most es¬ 
teemed and popular sorts now cultivated, 
besides as many varieties of seedlings, of 
Rochester origin, were presented, well 
grown, correctly named, and tastefidly dis¬ 
played in dishes in quantities of half a pint 
to a quart of each. Was not this a rich 
treat-for fruit growers, pomologists, and for 
everybody ? 
In Roses the display was the most bril¬ 
liant I have ever seen. Not less than 200 
really select sorts were exhibited — the 
greater part singly, in vials, Avith their 
names attached. Among them I noted 
such varieties as Geant des Battailles, 
Blanche Vibert, and others that are yet 
quoted at $2 or $3 a piece in European 
catalogues. 
J. A. Eastman, Esq., the Secretary of 
the Society, and an amateur, presented 40 
superb varieties, all named, including some 
of the rare sorts I have named—and the 
only specimen, a fine one, of the Cloth of 
Gold, or Chromatella. Jno. Williams, 
Esq., another amateur, presented 37 beau¬ 
tiful sorts, all named. Other amateurs had 
smaller collections. 
The nurserymen’s collections were very 
rich. Mr. J. J, Thomas, of Macedon, had 
upwards of 100 A'arieties, but they were 
not named, which detracted from their val¬ 
ue as a contribution. A nurseryman, es¬ 
pecially, should not set such an.example, 
and destroy the interest of his collection for 
the sake of an hour’s labor. One of the 
great objects gained by these exhibitions is 
the comparison of names and specimens 
from various groAvers and sources. If all 
the exhibitors would dispense with names, 
we should all have Avent away no wiser than 
we came. King & Da we exhibited 60 va- 
WATER FOR THE HORSE. 
Water should be given to a horse some¬ 
time before using him, never immediately 
on taking him from the stable, for a race, or 
for any violent action. Many a noble an 
imal has been injured by watering on start 
ing upon a journey. After driving him a 
mile he is generally found in a profuse 
sweat, Avhich is commonly avoided, if he 
drinks a considerable time before starting. 
In traveling, he should be permitted to Avet 
( his mouth, and take two or three SAvallows 
^ of water every feAv miles; and Avhen he has 
^ performed his labor for a half day he should 
^ be gently washed, and rubbed dry, and be 
( allowed to drink part of a bucket of Avater; 
) and after eating for half an hour, he should 
( drink more plentifully, and eat and rest at 
^ least another half hour before starting for 
/ his afternoon tour. A merciful man regard- 
) eth the life of his beast; and will see that 
( his groom folloAvs the directions that he 
^ gives him. It too often happens on a jour- 
^ ney, that gentlemen confide the care of 
; their faithful animal to the keeper of the 
) stable. Some however there are, (and we 
> Avish their numbers Avere greatly increased,) 
who make it a part of their own duty to see 
that the keeper faithfully performs this ser¬ 
vice ; and they commonly return from long 
journeys Avith their horses in a better con¬ 
dition than they were when they commen¬ 
ced them. 
rieties, all fine. Ellavanger & Barry 140 
varieties, including 45 of the hybrid per¬ 
petual. S. Moulson, a dozen fine varieties. 
The great display of Perpetuals, was one 
of the most interesting features of the ex¬ 
hibition. But a foAv years ago this class of 
Roses Avas introduced, and noAv we can 
number 50 distinct varieties at our exhibi¬ 
tions. This, considering the enormous price 
that all new varieties of this class are sold 
for on their introduction, shows that our 
cultivators are not asleep. 
The boquets and floral ornaments were 
great improvements on former years.— 
There was scarcely an instance of careless¬ 
ness or bad taste in the room, while many 
were real gems in their way—creditable 
alike to the exhibitors and to the Society. 
I was glad to see gentlemen in attend¬ 
ance from a distance. Palmyra, Bloomfield, 
Wheatland, Clarkson, LeRoy, and probably 
other places, were represented by gentle¬ 
men noted for their zeal in Horticulture._ 
Our own city was poorly represented, as far 
as numbers were concerned. Not one- 
twentieth part of those Avhom one would 
naturally expect to see there, made their 
appearance. The assembly appeared more 
like a private social party than a gathering 
of the groAvers and lovers of fruits and flow¬ 
ers in Rochester, Avhere nearly every man 
has a garden and cultivates it well. Ten 
thousand people go to see the circus, and 
a hundred to see such a useful and delight¬ 
ful exhibition as this! Here is one point, at 
least, in which the taste of our citizens has 
great room for improvement. 
The evening part of the exhibition was 
very pleasant A small, but agreeable and 
spirited company remained until the fruit 
and flowers were nearly all sold, and a nice 
little sum raised to aid the Society in de¬ 
fraying its expenses. The cherry season 
is noAV close at hand, and I hope the Soci¬ 
ety will get up a fine exhibition and admit 
every body free. In cherries, as in straw¬ 
berries,! believe Rochester cannot be beaten. 
Spectator. ‘ 
Mr. Moore :—As your “ Rural ” is de¬ 
signed to impart information, I will state a 
case on which light is wanted. I have 
cultivated the Grape for some years, with 
success, and Avithout any thing to contend 
Avith except the frost. But now (the 21st 
of June) my vines are as destitute of foliage 
as they were in January. There is a bug 
of a dark green color, and about the size of 
the yelloAv cucumber bug, Avhich eats out 
the centre of the bud as soon as it is 
formed. 
Noav, I wish to knoAv if this is the com¬ 
mon enemy of the grape, or is it something 
new ?—and is there any remedy ? I have 
tried Avhite-Avash and spirits of terpentine 
without any effect. Yours, 
Joseph Dunlap. 
Ovid, N. Y., June, 1850. 
Remarks. —We suspect the insect troub 
ling our correspondent’s grapes, is the Rose 
Bug—though the description is not suffi' 
ciently definite for us to judge. The rose 
bug is fully twice as large as the yelloAv 
bug, and devours the branches while 
flower; and entirely denudes some varie 
ties of the grape of leaves. There is no 
preventive of their depredations, except by 
destroying them. Their name is legion, 
their appetite voracious—and, in those dis 
tricts where they resort, are the greatest 
pests that afflict gardeners and fruit 
growers. 
HOTICULTURAL SOCIETY. - PREMIUMS. 
We give below the Premiums awarded 
at the recent exhibition of our HorticultU' 
ral Society: 
Report 
OF Committee on Flowers —The 
Committee would express their satisfaetion at the 
variety and beauty of the flowers exhibited. They 
cannot but regret, however, that, while a few pre - 
sent very fine collections, sufficient as far as show 
is concerned to make the exhibition creditable to 
the Society, and interesting and profitable to visit¬ 
ors, so many whom we would fain believe have 
good collections, should neglect to exhibit them. 
Were pains taken to urge the claims of the Soci- 
ty upon the lovers and cultivators of flowers, a bet¬ 
ter state of things would ere long exist. 
The Committee award the following premi¬ 
ums : 
nurserymens list. 
For the best display of green House Plants .— 
Eiwanger& Barry, $10. 
In the collection were some very fine Gerani¬ 
ums, Fuchias, Bijoniae, and one Gesnoria Ztbu- 
2nd best.—C. J. Ryan, $3. 
Best Floral Ornament. —J. W. Bissell, $3. 
“ “ Alonzo Frost, ,^2. 
Best 12 varieties Roses.-Ellwanger & Barry, 
$2. 2nd best do do King & Dawe, $1. 
Best Display Roses,—Ellwanger & Barry, $5; 
‘I® do John Thomas, Mace¬ 
don, ,‘$3. 
Best two Table Boquets, —Elwanger & Bar¬ 
ry, $5. 
Best two Round Hand Roguets,—Ellwang- 
er & Barry, $2. 
AMATEURS. 
Best twelve Varieties Roses, —I. A. East¬ 
man, “The Rose,” by Parsons, $2. 
Best Display Roses,—Mrs. John Williams, 
$5. 
Greatest number of Speeies of native Flow¬ 
ers Correctly named. —Several collections of na¬ 
tive flowers were presented, but only one named, 
as required, by Augustus Fahnestock. The com¬ 
mittee award him a premium of “ The American 
Flora,” or ,^5. 
Best pair Table Boquets,—Misa G. W. Wil¬ 
bur, Pittsford, $3. 
2d best do,—Mrs. Freeman Clark, $2, 
Best Fair Hand Boquets, Round,—Mrs. 
John Williams, $3. 
2d do,—Miss Jane Andrews, $2. 
Best Floral Ornament, —Samuel Shadbolt, of 
Wheatland, “ Landon’s Suburban Gardener.” or 
$5. 
2d do,—Mrs. L. A. Ward, $3. 
3d do,—D. A. Powers, $1. 
Vegetables. 
The Committee much regret the meagre dis¬ 
play of vegetables, and they are unwilling to be¬ 
lieve that our citizens are destitute of the taste to 
appreciate, or the knowledge necessary to raise 
good vegetables. The Committee award the fol¬ 
lowing premiums. 
For the Best Six Head Lettuce,—foiin Don- 
nellan, $2. 
Best 3 Hundred Radishes,——John Eonnellan. 
$ 2 , 00 . ’ 
Best Half Bushel Peas (Emperor) —John 
Donnellan, $2,00. 
Best 12 Stalks Rhubarb,—C. F. Crosman 
$ 1 , 00 . 
P RuiTs.—The following premiums were award¬ 
ed to fruit growers: 
Straavberries. 
M.G. Warner, Esq., premium $3,00 for best 
quart Plovey’s Seedling. 
Elwanger & Barry, premium $3,00 for best 
collection and best grown. 
Cherries. 
E. S. Haywood, first premium, $2,00 for one 
plate early purple Guine fine. 
Boquets, very fine, and entitled to particular 
notice,were presented by Miss. Priscella P. Chap¬ 
pell, Mrs. Marcus Jewell, Mrs. T.G. Crane, Miss 
Eliza Lee, Mrs. J. W. Bissell, and John Donnel¬ 
lan, of Greece. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
ISSUED FROAI THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending June 18, 1850. 
To E. Bookhout & PI. Cochen, Jr., of Wil¬ 
liamsburg, N. Y., for improvement in machines for 
finishing morocco. 
. Rreed, of Weare, N. II., for improvement 
in spring-teeth of hay rakes. 
To J. M. Brown, of Bloomfield, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in attaching neck-yokes to poles of car¬ 
riages. 
Po G. Chilson, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in parlor stoves. 
To E. H. Collier, of Scituate, Mass., for im¬ 
proved method of making nails by rolling. 
To R. Eastman, of Concord, N. H., for im¬ 
provement in machines for dressing stone. 
Po B. Fowler, of Lubec, Me., for improvement 
m furnaces for calcining gj'psum. 
To A. M. George, of Nashua, N. H., for im¬ 
proved spike machine. 
To L. Gilbert, of Boston; Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in upright pianofortes. 
To B. K. Maltby, of Cleveland, Ohio, (Assign¬ 
or to Ira M. Mead, of Mogadore, Ohio,) for im¬ 
provement in apparatus for raising the grate in 
cooking-stoves. 
To W. W. Marston, of New York, N. Y., for 
devices for moving and holding a piston breech- 
pin. 
Po N. Post, of East Cleveland, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in safety-stirrups. 
To J. Sherlock & Wm. Brackbill, of Portugal, 
Pa., for improvement in feed apparatus for mills. 
To A. Smith, of West Farms, N. Y., for im- 
provements in apparatus for parii-coloring yarn. 
To J. R. Stafford, of Cleveland, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in mills for grinding. 
To J. F. Wood, of Homer, La., for combination 
of a guide tooth with an inclined scraper. 
DESIGNS. ^ 
To E. P. Penniman, of Rochester, N. Y., for 
designs for stoves. 
To J. F. Rathbone, of Albany, N. Y., for two 
designs for stoves. 
Wager, David Pratt and V. Richmond, 
of Troy, N. Y., for design for stoves. 
STEAM BOILER INVENTION. 
CONSTITUENTS 
IRON. 
The Baltimore Sun states that a very val¬ 
uable invention of an apparatus has been 
exhibited there as the invention of Mr. 
Grimes, of Philadelphia, and Avhich is to 
prevent the explosion of boilers. So far as 
Ave can get an idea of its construction and 
operation, it appears to be nothing neAV in 
principle although there may be something 
neAV in its details of construction and ar¬ 
rangement Its nature is thus described: 
'.It is an apparatus Avhich can be placed 
in any part or room of a building, as, for in¬ 
stance, over the desk in the office of a man- 
factory, or other establishment Avhere a 
steam engine is used in the yard, basement 
or other room, and Avhich by connection 
with the boiler, is a certain and imerring 
indicator both of the pressure of steam up¬ 
on the boiler, and the exact height of Avater 
within it; thus affording not only^to the en¬ 
gineer, but to all others engaged in any 
part of the building, a safeguard at one and 
the same time, and by the same operation, 
against the two only sources of danger_ 
over pressure of steam and lack of water.” 
PATENT PROCESS FOR TANNING. 
We have before us a specimen of leather 
tanned in twelve hours, by Hibbard’s Patent 
Process. It possesses all the apparent re¬ 
quisites of the best of this kind—being firm 
stong and flexible. Some of our extensive 
manufacturers have examined the matter, 
and regard it highly favorably. Should 
this process prove to be all that it now indi¬ 
cates—and has already been established by 
over a year’s experiment—it Avill Avork an 
entire revolution in the business of manu¬ 
facturing leather. By the old mode it re¬ 
quires about six months to tan a piece in 
the manner in Avhich the one before is done, 
and the longer it is permitted to remain in 
the vats the better it becomes. The busi¬ 
ness now requires a large capital, for the 
reason that so much time necessarily elapses 
before a return can be realized. The neAv 
process is in accordance Avith the fast spirit 
of the age, and well accords Avith the ideas 
of the present, that all things should be 
done in a hurry. Messrs. L. & H. Church¬ 
ill, of Rochester, are OAvners of the right in 
this section.— Com. Adv. 
In his evidence before the Strength of 
Iron Commissioners, says the London Mi- 
ning Journal, Mr. Morris Stirling states, that 
iron in its pure state is malleable, and that 
it is a composition of carbon with iron which 
produces cast-hon. In addition to carbon, 
the cast iron in this country contains silica, 
lime, magnesia, alumina, occasionally some 
of the phosphates and other admixtures; 
but iron made from magnetic ores is much 
purer. The strength of cast iron depends 
upon its freedom from impurities, and upon 
the proportion of carbon it contains. The 
strongest cast iron contains about three per 
cent, of carbon, or according to Mr. Charles 
May, when the carbon is in the smallest 
proportion that produces flmdity; a larger 
proportion tends to make the iron soft and 
Aveak, and a smaller hard and brittle. Mr. 
Glynn states, that the strongest iron gener¬ 
ally shoAvs a clear grey, or slightly mottled 
fracture, and he considers that the color in¬ 
dicates the combination of carbon with iron 
Avhich produces the g-reatest strength. Mr. 
Stirhng states, that while color is admissa- 
ble as a test of strength, it is not so of chem¬ 
ical constitution, for though^dark colored iron 
is usually brittle, yet black iron when chill¬ 
ed becomes whi^, although it must be sup¬ 
posed to contain the same quantity of car¬ 
bon ; hence, as a general rule, he concludes 
that color indicates the treatment to Avhich 
iron has been subjected, and in some cases 
only the quantity of carbon. Mr. May co¬ 
incides in considering the question of 
strength 'to be very much reducible to the 
quantity of carbon contained in the iron, as 
some of the tenderest iron skilfully treat¬ 
ed will produce some of the strongest cast¬ 
ings. ^ Messrs. Stephenson and Stirling 
mention that the fluidity of Berlin iron is 
due to the presence of arsenic, and the lat¬ 
ter has observed that manganese mixed ar¬ 
tificially Avith cast iron closes the grain, and 
is an improvement both to cast iron and 
steel. On Avrought iron the effect of man¬ 
ganese is stated to be to give it the hot- 
short property, while cold short is produced 
by the presence of a small quantity of 
phosphorus; and the admixture of arsenic 
renders Avrought iron hard and brittle. i 
The spirit rises amid gloom, as does the 
barometer, which foretells the coming bright¬ 
ness, even while clouds are yet aroimd it. 
Remington’s Bkidge.— We perceive by 
our Southern exchanges, that Mr. Reming¬ 
ton is creating as much excitement by his 
bridge, in Alabama, as he did in London. 
He^ has erected one or tAvo large structures 
which are subjects of admiration. He has 
erected one in Montgomery, Alabama, that 
was opened for travel on the 8th inst— 
The span is 436 feet, and the track is 10 
feet Avide. It is without hand rails, and is 
described as appearing at a distance like a 
slight ribbon or shaving of wood flung across 
a ravine — apparently too frail to bear the 
pressure of a bird, but proved to be capa¬ 
ble of bearing almost any amount of Aveight 
that can be placed upon it. Hundreds of 
people crossed it on the day it Avas opened, 
Avho Avere completely convinced of its 
strength. 
QUERY FOR SCIENTIFIC MEN. 
In Avhat manner does a diamond act up¬ 
on glass so as to cut it ? That it does not 
penetrate its substance is obvious to any 
one Avho Avill attend to its operations, for it 
only divides the exceedingly attenuated 
pellicle on the surface, and penetrates no 
deeper. The best cut of a diamond is Avhen 
it makes the least noise in passing a line, 
and it cuts in the same manner the thickest 
as Avell as the thinest plates of glass. The 
Encyclopedia Americana, says : “ It is very 
remarkable that only the point of a natural 
chrystal can be used ; cut or split diamonds 
scratch, but the glass will not break along 
the scratch as it does Avhen the natural 
chrystal is used.” Again—the crack is 
often found to folloAv the diamond after it 
has passed several inches. That it does not 
cut it by dividing the pellicles is clear, be¬ 
cause a piece of quartz Avill do the same by 
passing in the same line repeatedly, yet 
Avill not break true. Then hoAv does the 
diamond act ? 
A BEAUTIFUL DEVICE. 
^ An estemed friend of ours called us into 
his house, the other day, to show us a sim¬ 
ple contrivance of his, intended for the ed¬ 
ification of the little people around him. It 
consisted of a case, resembling someAvhat 
the external structure of a mantle-clock. 
The inside was tastefully arranged to rep¬ 
resent mountains, trees, and the lower, con¬ 
taining water to the depth of ten inches, 
was filled with brilliant gravel, and massy 
stones, with large rocks overhanging. Here 
were swimming about, in great apparent 
glee, several ve.ry small black cat-fish, sun- 
fish, &c., whose movements could be ob¬ 
served through the glass case in front A 
spigot was attached below the frame, to 
draw off the water, whenever a fresh sup¬ 
ply should be needed. This, besides be- 
ing a beautiful ornament for a room, is a 
great affair for children. What happy fel¬ 
lows husbands are ! The violet’s not 
sweeter than the contented mind, which 
can spread a halo of happiness around the 
domestic circle in every trifle. 
An English paper says, that in punching 
the eyeholes of needles by hand, children, 
who are the operators, acquire such dexter¬ 
ity, as to be able to punch a hair, and thread 
it with another, for the amusement of visitors. 
The Iron Business of Keav York.— On 
the Sai’anac river there are forty-one foro-e , 
fires. Of these, twenty Avere in operation 
on the first of January last, and of these 
twenty, fourteen have since suspended work. 
These twenty fires employed 255 hands,' 
and made 3000 tons of bloom, and 550 
tons of bar iron annually. They required 
over $100,000 worth of agricultural pro¬ 
ducts every year, and the capital they em¬ 
ployed Avas $225,000. _ Out of eighteen 
tuyeres on the Salmon river, ten are noAvin 
use. Of the fifty-four on the Ausable, a 
small number are in operation. 
Wise men are instructed by reason; men 
of less understanding by experience; the 
most ignorant by necessity, and the beast 
by nature. 
