MOOEE’S EURAl NEW-YOEKER; AN A6RICULTUEAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
who believe in adhering to the dogmas and 
practices of their venerated ancestors, have 
the satisfaction of knowing that there are 
some wise ones left, who will not permit nor 
adopt such innovations on their patrimonies. 
Such proceedings may do for the big-bugs 
and scientificals—the chaps that read books 
and papers about farming—but they know 
better than to pwm the land with those 
powerful things! And then how foolish to 
waste so much lime and ashes, that might 
be used in building houses and making- 
soap ! 
Truly, as wise as the world has become 
in these latter days, it contains quite a 
sprinkling of folks whose “ knowledge box¬ 
es” nold ideas on farming worthy of preser¬ 
vation in Barnum’s Museum — to be ex¬ 
hibited as remarkable antiquities. Well, all 
I have to say until next time, is— 
“ Can such things be, 
And o’ercoine us like a summer cloud, 
Without creating our special wonder i" 
Yours, Jonas. 
Good Sight Place, July, 1850. 
THE HAKVEST FIELD. 
There is joy and music in the harvest 
field, when the bright golden grain rustles 
its invitation in the breeze for man to come 
and gather it up, that it may bless the peo¬ 
ple with life, health and prosperity. Now 
the farmer’s toil is to be rewarded. His 
anxieties of drouth and rust and mildew are 
to cease—his hopes are being realized— 
his expectations fulfilled; while, with a heart 
overflowing with gratitude to his Heavenly 
Father, he calls his men afield at early morn, 
bidding them to do even as he shall. With 
a hearty swing he sends his cradle full into 
the grain, gathering in its circuit a goodly 
load to be laid with mathematical precision 
by his side. The rest follow, leaving behind 
them golden swaths, glistening in the bright 
sunlight^ to be rolled and bound into bun¬ 
dles by those following with rake, that it 
may be carted to a place of shelter. Thus 
they move forward, one following another 
until they have reached the corner of the 
field, or of such a portion of it as they may 
wish to encompass, where they halt to w'ipe 
the fast flowing perspiration from their brows, 
remembering that God’s declaration to Fa¬ 
ther Adam, “ In the sw'eat of thy face shalt 
thou eat bread” is wise and beneficent — 
blessing instead of cursing mankind. 
As the most inveterate joker is allowed 
full freedom in the time of harvest, you now 
hearsoul cheering mirth and hilarity, min¬ 
gled with the ringing music of the whetstone 
and scythe. On again they move — anoth¬ 
er corner is gained, and again the laugh and 
music swell out on the breeze. 
At ten comes the luncheon-basket, heap¬ 
ed with the choice things from the well 
stocked panti-}', w^hich the good housewife 
in her provident care, has provided to cheer 
and sustain the workman in his arduous la¬ 
bors. Soon the cloth, spread on the ground 
and displaying the palatable store, is sur¬ 
rounded by the happy group with counte¬ 
nances beaming forth thanks and good wash¬ 
es, while a fervent though silent prayer rises 
heavenward from each heart, that God may 
ever bless their good hostess. Having sat¬ 
isfied their hunger and rested awhile, they 
go cheerfully again to their tasks with 
strength and vigor renewed. 
There is truly a great pleasure received 
from a hearty participation in the labors of 
the harvest field. Not only do they yield 
vigor to the body and strength to the limb, 
but there is that connected with them that 
somehow expands the thoughtful mind — 
opening to it a true perception of the Beau¬ 
tiful and the Useful, which are there so har¬ 
moniously blended. t. e. w'. 
THE CHEESE TRADE. 
Henry Kemp & Co., of New York, have 
issued a circular in which it is stated that 
the supply of cheese brought to the tide¬ 
waters of the Hudson for the year 1849, 
was 42,097,818 pounds, against 43,278,526 
pounds in 1848. The decrease the past 
year is attributed to the severe drouth of 
last summer in Western New York and 
Ohio. The export of cheese to Great Bri¬ 
tain from New York, is said to have reached 
last year 12,000,000 pounds, against 15,- 
386,836 in 1848, being a decrease of one- 
fifth. This decrease is attributed to the in¬ 
ferior quality of the cheese. Of good 
cheese probably double the amount export¬ 
ed last year would be taken by Great Brit¬ 
ain. The receipts of cheese at New York 
in 1834 were only about 6,000,000 pounds, 
from which they have gone on in regular 
gradation of increase to 1848, when 43,278,- 
526 pounds were received. The exports to 
Great Britain commenced in 1840 with 
seven hundred thousand pounds, and have 
increased to fifteen million pounds in 1848. 
MONROE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Premium List and Judges. 
This next Annual F’air of this Society will be 
held in Rochester, on Wednesday, Thursday and 
Friday, the 25th, 26th and 27th days of September. 
horses. —Class I. 
For the best Stud, dip. and $3; do. 2d do., $2 ; 
do. 3d do., vol. trails. 
Class IT. — For all tcork. 
For the best work horse, dip. and $3 ; do. 2d 
do., $2; do. 3d do., vol. trans. 
The horses entered under this last Class will be 
required to plow at the plowing match. 
Judges. — Lorenzo 1). Ely, Brighton ; Samuel 
Utley, Henrietta ; Horatio Davis, Riga. 
Class HI. — Matched Carriage Horses. 
For the best pair, dip. and $3; do. 2d do., $2; 
do. 3d do., vol. trans. 
.Judges. — Samuel B. Stoddard, Gideon C. Ba¬ 
ker and James W. Sawyer. 
Class IV. — Mares and Colts. 
For the best Mare and Colt, dip. and ||2; do. 2d 
do., vol. trans. and $2; do. 3d do., ^1- 
For the best Yearling Colt, dip. and ; do. 2d 
do., .$2; do. 3d do., !|1. 
Judges. — Rawsoii Harmon, Wheatland ; S. 
. W. Bradstreet, Irondequoit, and T. Brown, Chili. 
CATTLE— Class I.— Durhams, Demons, Here- 
fords and Ayrshires. 
Best Bull over 2 vears old, dip. and $3; 2d do. 
do. 2 do., $2. Best Bull Calf, $1; best Milch 
Cow, dip. and $2; do. 2d do., vol. trans. and $1. 
Best Heifer CaU, $1. 
.Judges. — Wm. Otis, Gates ; Nathaniel Hay¬ 
ward, Brighton; Stephen Leggett, Henrietta. 
Class H. — Native or Grade. 
Best Bull over 2 yrs. old, dip and $3; 2d do. 2 
do., $3; 3d do. 2 do., $1. 
Best Bull from 1 to 2 yrs. “old, dip. and $1; 2d 
do. do., $2; 3d do. do., $1. 
Best Bull Calf, vol. trans. and $1; 2d do. do., 
vol. trans. 
Best pair trained 3 yr. old Steers, dip. and ^2; 
2d do. do., $2; 3d do. do., vol. trans. 
Best pair fatted Oxen, vol. trans. and $1; 2d 
do. do., $1. 
Best I’alted Animal for beef, vol. trans. and $2; 
2d do. do., $1. 
./«(Zgcs.—Clark Wilber, Rochester; Osgood 
Pettengill, Ogden, and Ezra M. Parsons, Gates. 
Class HI.— Native or Grade — Working Oxen, 
Milch Cows and Heifers. 
Best pair Working Oxen, dip. and ,$!3; 2d do. 
do., vol. trans. and $2; 3d do. do., ^1; 4lh do. do. 
vol. trans. 
Best Milch Cow, dip. and $3; 2d do., vol. trans. 
and .‘|;2. 
BesY Heifer under 3 yrs. not giving milk ^2; 2d 
do. do., vol. trans. and '$l; 3d do. do., vol. trans. 
Best Heifer Calf, vol. trans. and $1; 2d do. do., 
vol. trans. 
Judges. —George Shaffer, Wheatland; Ira Ap- 
thorp, Riga; John Ayrault, Jr., Perinton. 
SHEEP— Long or Coarse Wooled. 
Best Buck, dip. and $2; 2d do., {^2. 
Best three Ewes, vol. trans. and ^2; 2d do., $2. 
Best 3 Fatted Sheep, vol. trans. and $1; 2d do. 
do., $2; 3d do. do., vol. trans. 
Judges. — John H. Robinson, Rochester; M. 
Garrett, Gates, and Samuel P. Gould, Brighton. 
Fine Wooled — Merinos. 
Best Buck, dip. and $2; 2d do. do., vol. trans. 
and ,^1; 3d do. do., $1. 
Best 3 Ewes, vols. trans. and $2; 2d do. 3 do., 
$2; 3d do. 3 do., $1. 
Best 3 I jambs, vol. trans. and 1^2; 2d do. 3 do., 
^2; 3d do. 3 do., $1. 
Judges. —Joseph A. Frost, Brighton; Albert C. 
Hobbie, Irondequoit; Wm. R. Booth, Gates. 
SWINE. 
Best Boar, dip. and $2; 2d do. do., 112; 3d do. 
do., $1. 
Best Sow with Pigs, $3; 2d do. do., $2; 3d do. 
do., vol. trans. 
F'our best Pigs under 8 months, ,$3; do. 2d do. 
do., vol. trans. and $1. 
Judges. — Henry V. B. Schenck, Brighton; H. 
Mulholland, do.; Jonathan S. Randall, Perinton. 
FIELD CROPS. 
Best acre Winter Wheat, $5: 2d do. do., |)3; 3J 
do. do., |!2. 
Best acre Indian Corn, $5; 2d do. do., ^3; 3d 
do. do., $2. 
Best acre Oats, $5; 2d do. do., $3; 3d do. do., 
| 2 . 
Best acre Buckwheat, vol. trans. and ijj!.']; 2d do. 
do., $1. 
Best acre Potatoes, ^5; 2d do. do., $3. 
Best half bushel Potatoes, grown from seed, $3. 
Best i acre of Ruta Baga, ^5. 
“ I “ of Mangel Wurtzel, ifiG; 2d do. ^ 
do., $4; 3d do. J do., $3. 
Best acre of Carrots, $6; 2d do. ^ do., $4; 3d 
do. J do., $3. 
Judges. — James P. Fogg, Isaac S. Hobbie, 
Rochester; Robert H. Brown, Greece. 
BUTTER, CHEESE AND BREAD. 
Best 10 lbs. Butter, 1 sett silver teaspoons; 2d 
do. do., 1 pair butter knives; 3d do. do., 2 cream 
spoons. 
Best 20 lbs. Butter, made in May or June, 1 sett 
teaspoons; 2d do. do., 1 pr. butter knives; 3d do. 
do., 2 cream spoons. 
Best 20 lbs. Cheese, $3; 2d do. do., $2. 
Best 2 loaves Wheaten Bread, ^3; 2d do., $2. 
To be made by exhibitors. 
Judges. — Joseph Alleyn, Rochester; Edwin S. 
Hayward, Brighton; Elisha Harmon, Wheatland; 
James Vick, Jr., Rochester; Mrs. H. N. Lang- 
worthjq Mrs. A. C. Hobbie, Irondequoit; Mrs. F. 
P. Root, Sweden; Mrs. S. C. Baldwin, Riga. 
HONEY AND SUGAR. 
Best 10 lbs. Honey, $3; 2d do. do., $1. 
Best 10 lbs. Maple Su^r, ^3; 2d do. do., $1. 
.Judges. — John Row, Riga; Stephen Leggett, 
Henrietta; Henry E. Barnard, Mendon. 
LADIES’ DEPARTMENT.— Domestic Manu¬ 
factures. 
Best 10 yds. Home-made Flannel, $3; 2d do. 
do., vol. trans. 
Best 10 yds. Domestic Fulled Cloth, ^3; 2d do. 
do., vol. trans. 
Best ^ lb. Sewing Silk, $3; 2d do. do., vol. trans. 
Best specimen Domestic Manufactured Wove 
Silk, vol. trans. and $3; 2d do. do., vol. trans. 
Discretionarj' premiums will be awarded for use¬ 
ful and ornamental articles not enumerated. 
Judges. — D. D. T. Moore, Rochester; Alfred 
Fitch, Riga; Mrs. Elisha Harmon, Mrs. A. Fitch, 
Mrs. Zera Burr, and Mrs. S. P. Gould. 
Non-enumerated articles which present any new 
improvements, or otherwise deserving particular 
commendation, will be awarded discretionarj' pre¬ 
miums, according to the funds of the Society.— 
The same course will bo observed in reference to 
Agricultural and Mechanical Implements and 
Wares. 
It is designed to hold an exhibition of Fruits, 
Flowers and Vegetables in connexion with the 
Horticultural Society of the Valley of the Genesee, 
on one of the days named, of which duo notice 
will be given. 
Judges on non-enumerated articles. —James P. 
Fogg, Chas. F. Grosman, Stephen Otis, Brighton. 
Judges on Agricultural Implements, S^c. — L. 
B. Langworlhy, Greece; Nathaniel Hayward, 
Brighton; Benjamin F. Smith, Rochester. 
PLOWING MATCH. 
To the owner of the team which plows one- 
fourth of an acre best, in seventy-five minutes, 
dip. and $3; 2d best, vol. trans. and $2; 3d best, 
vol. trails..and .$1; 4th best, vol. trans. 
The depth of the furrow, must not be less than 
seven inclies, and the width not less than twelve 
inches. Single or double teams, at the option of 
the plowman, each plowman to drive his own team. 
Judges. — Oliver Culver, Brighton; John Bet- 
teridge, Riga; Calvin Sperry and Mattathias Gar¬ 
rett, Gates. 
POULTRY^ 
Best pair of Dorkings, $2; 2d do. do., 1^1. 
Best pair of Polands, $2; 2d do. do., $1. 
'Best lot of Fowls of any variety, ,$2. 
Best pair of Geese, ,$2. 
Best lot of Poultry raised by exhibitor, ^2. 
.Judges. — James M. Whitney, Rochester; S. 
Moxon, Greece; Benj. Wing, Irondequoit. 
C. K. HOBBIE, President. 
Joseph Alleyn, Secretarj'. 
RUST OF WHEAT. 
A VERY common opinion as to wheat 
rust is this:—It is believed to be a species 
of extremely minute fungus that attaches 
to the sttilk and leaf, the result is a mani¬ 
festation of disease in the plant. Microscop¬ 
ic criticism has determined this, we are told, 
with much apparent satisfaction. Perhaps 
this is so, and then again perhaps not; 
though I will candidly admit that some per¬ 
sons can see farther into a mill-stone than 
others; ‘ consequently such otight to see 
much farther into a wheat straw. 
Now, like most others who have been en¬ 
gaged in the culture of wheat, I have my 
opinion of what rust is, and the cause. An 
opinion is an opinion, but all opinions arc 
not entitled to the same consideration.— 
Rust is not confined to any particular sec¬ 
tion of our vast wheat growing region, nor 
to any particular kind of soil, so far as my 
observation has instructed me. Its Upas 
breath is felt among the bleak hills and 
sunny vales of New England; in the most 
productive grain sections of the Middle 
States; on the broad, beautiful savannas of 
the South; and on the inexhaustible bot¬ 
tom lands and glorious prairies of the great 
West. Now here, now there, endowed 
with ubiquity, it marks its victims alike up¬ 
on the sandy plain and alluvial bottom: on 
fields once covered with gigantic oak and 
verdant pine, or clothed with the tall grass 
of Steppes. Such being the case, rust is 
not of the nature of the general character 
of the climate. It is a universal law of na¬ 
ture that like causes produce like effects 
under like circumstances. I am inclined to 
believe that rust is the effect of certain cau¬ 
ses, and that, as a matter of course, those 
causes are uniform—the same every tvhere. 
Rust Is commonly designated by two 
names—red and black rust. In all cases I 
consider it to be the thickened sap of the 
plant; and that its color depends upon the 
influence of the elements. The cause of 
rust is the too great increase of the circu¬ 
lating medium of the plant. The channels 
of communication become overwhelmed and 
burst open, allowing the sap to escape, 
which soon stops the passage through all 
the parts of the plant and causes decay, or 
what might be termed death. Rust never 
occurs during dry cool weather, nor cool 
wet weather. It is always attendant (when 
it does appear) upon heavy dews or fre¬ 
quents showers, followed by a scorching 
sun. Such weather brings an unusual 
amount of soluble matter into being which 
is rapidly taken up by the ten thousand 
absorbents or roots of the plants and con¬ 
verted into nutricious juice. To such an 
enlarged extent does this take place that 
the channels are insufficient to convey 
the greatly increased quantity; and soon 
the undue pressure busts them asunder.— 
This at once checks the circulation, for the 
sap or juice oozes at the numerous fissures, 
and no longer goes to mature the grain.— 
The result is shrivelled, defective seed; up¬ 
on careful examination the stalk Avill be 
found checked at every point where rust 
accumulates. If a person will take the 
time to stand by a field of wheat when the 
rusting is going on, he will plainly hear, (as 
I have often done,) the “ tchick ” of the 
bursting stalks like the slight' click of many 
watches. Experience has demonstrated 
the sooner grain is cut after the rusting be¬ 
gins, the better. The grain will be heavier 
and the straw better to cut immediately.— 
The longer it is allowed to stand the worse 
both become. 
Such is my opinion of wheat rust and 
its cause. I hope every farmer will look to 
this subject and endeavor to ascertain what 
the true cause is, if it has not already been 
determined, and seek out some remedy.— 
The Avholc country is deeply interested in 
discovering some preventive to rust. The 
amount of money annually lost by the blight 
is great and is sensibly felt. Wheat grow¬ 
ers of the West, consider the questions— 
What is wheat rust ? What is its cause ? 
Ccresco, JVis. YV. Holt. 
.Prairie Farmer. 
To Cure a Felon. —Take one table¬ 
spoonful of red lead, and one table-spoon¬ 
ful of castile soap, mix them wdth as much 
weak lye as will make it soft enough to 
spread like a salve, and apply it on the first 
appearance of the felon, and it Avill cure it 
in ten or twelve horns. 
PROFITS OF WOOL GROWING 
COMPARED WITH OTHER BRANCHES OF FARMING. 
In a previous number we undertook to 
show, that if double the quantity of wool 
was grown as is now produced in this coun¬ 
try, it would still find a profitable market; 
and Avc promised to show that in proportion 
to the risk and capital involved, there was 
no kind of farming that was as profitable 
for a series of years as wool growing. We 
now proceed to redeem our pledge. 
In this country (by which we mean our 
whole glorious Union, stretching from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean,) there is but 
little land that is not adapted to sheep hus¬ 
bandry, that is at all susceptible of cultiva¬ 
tion. Wherever herbage will grow, provid¬ 
ed the land is not wet or marshy there 
sheep will thrive; and they Avill thrh’e well 
where larger stock, like cattle or horses, 
Avould starve if kept in numbers large enough 
to yield a revenue. There are, therefore, 
large tracts of land where the comparison 
cannot be made, so much is it in favor of 
sheep. But we propose to make the com¬ 
parison in regions where land is of great 
fertility and to draw the comparison be¬ 
tween the dairy and grain growing, suppos¬ 
ing the farmer to devote his attention to one 
or the other of these branches. We will 
assume that 35 acres of land Avill keep one 
hundred sheep a year, summer and winter: 
20 acres for pasture, 10 fof meadow, and 5 
for grain. The interest being the same in 
each case, I shall not take that into account, 
nor the expense of feeding, or value of ma¬ 
nure, while comparing with cows. 
100 sheep will give 350 lbs. wool, at 25c. $122.50 
Value of annual increase, 75.00 
Annual income from lOO sheep. 
$197.50 
Ten cows can be kept upon the same 
ground that Avill keep one hundred sheep. 
If in cheese or butter the annual income 
per cow will average about the same. Ten 
cows Avill give, say upon an average, three 
hundred pounds of cheese. It is true that 
there are instances when a much larger 
yield has been obtained, but the average is 
below the quantity we have assumed. Al¬ 
lowing the cheese to bring 5 cents per lb. 
it will give $15 for each cow, or 
For the ten cows, $150.00 
YVhey, per cow, $2, 20.00 
Annual income from ten cows, $170.00 
We have not taken into consideration the 
milk used in the family, as we consider that 
more than balanced by the extra expense 
incurred in the dairy. This then shows 
that there is a difterence in favor of sheep, 
of $29.50, or almost 15 per cent. 
Thirty-five acres of winter wheat will 
average, outside, for a series of years, not 
over 20 bushels per acre, with a drawback 
of a failure, at least once in five years. Al¬ 
low for preparing the land for seed, harvest¬ 
ing and threshing, that it shall cost but five 
dollam per acre, and that Avheat will ave¬ 
rage 75 cents per bushel, it would give them 
ten dollars per acre net; for the use of the 
land for two years, 35 acres of wheat at ten 
dollars per acre would be $350; half of that 
would give annually for the use of 35 acres 
of land $174, making a difference in favor 
of sheep of $22.50, or about 11 per cent. 
The real difterence, Ave apprehend especial¬ 
ly at the West, will be found altogether 
greater than it appears in this estimate.— 
We think a farmer can grow six pounds of 
Avool easier than he can raise a bushel of 
Avheat one year with another, any where 
West of Buffalo. We have made no al- 
loAvance in this estimate for the constant 
Avear and tear of land if continued to Avheat 
—nor of the great advantage to the land 
of the naanure made by cows and sheep.— 
In the one case the land at the end of 10 
or 20 yearn would be much enhanced in 
value, because of its increased fertility—in 
the other, at the end of 10 years, as a gen¬ 
eral rule, it Avould bear but a light crop at 
best—and at tAventy it would be worn out. 
Neither have aa'c adverted to the very small 
amount of labor it requires to take care of 
sheep as compared Avith the dairy or Avheat 
growing. We think, hoAvever, Ave have 
shown enough to make out our case. If 
any body can make out a better, let us hear 
it, for wo are anxious for facts. Give us 
facts, we do not care what shape they come 
in. One fact is worth a bushel of theory, 
though theory is soil Avherem facts do ger¬ 
minate.— Wool Grower. 
CULTIVATE A VARIETY OF CROPS. 
This principle is inculcated by several 
considerations; variety of soils and situations; 
use of tlie products for various purposes, 
feeding to stock, selling in market, &c .; time 
of planting, cultivating and harvesting; va¬ 
riableness of climate; the necessity for ro¬ 
tation of crops or change on the same lields; 
the eradication of Aveeds, &c. 
Some fields may bear remunerative crops 
of one plant, yet leave a deficiency from the 
cultivation of another; and not only are par¬ 
ticular soils adapted to one species of vege¬ 
tation, but so, also, are particular manures, 
some of which are much more convenient 
or economical for one locality than another. 
So, too, of planting and cultiA'ating.— 
When one species of seeds are put in the 
ground, and the farmer is Availing to till 
them, it may be just the time to soav others. 
When ■ they haA’-e sprouted and require to 
be looked after one may need attention at one 
moment, and one at another; Avhile a third, 
as of the small grains, grasses and clover, 
require no subsequent attention except har¬ 
vesting. 
A season that is very cold and Avet may 
be beneficial to one crop, as of grass, and 
some of the grains, AAdiile such as are hot 
and comparatively dry, are better for others, 
as Indian and broom corn, and various oth¬ 
er products and fruits. The multiplicity of 
crops in the ground at the same time, is 
thus equivalent to an insurance on the 
weather; in Avhich the proprietor gives up a 
very large possible yield for one crop, Avhile 
he secures a fair return for his general 
labor. 
Again, various species of animals require 
different food, and each requires a variety 
—sometimes hay and straAv, at others, grain, 
meal, or roots. Occasionally, too, the mar¬ 
ket may be high for particular products, of 
which the farmer may have good store, and 
which he may sell to much better advant¬ 
age than to feed to his stock, a purpose for 
which, perhaps, it was originally designed. 
The necessity for rotation Avith all its ad¬ 
vantages, has been elsewhere specified, and 
Ave have not time now to enumerate them. 
Various crops may require different kinds 
of labor. The old and young, and females, 
too, may frequently be as advantagously 
employed by one occupation, as in the dairy 
or garden, or poultry yard, as the hardy and 
strong, by others, in the field. Some may 
require more or less assistance from the 
horse or o.x, Avhile others are adapted solely 
to manual labor; and certain articles, as flax 
and wool, may be raised to eke out employ¬ 
ment for the inmates of the house during 
our long Avinter evenings. 
Thus a thousand economical considera¬ 
tions may justly induce us to give variety 
to our occupations and the various objects 
of our agricultural pursuits. — Am. Ay. 
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTS. 
It is the duty of the government to place 
some Avell educated men in the position to 
employ their time and talents, in investiga¬ 
ting the secrets of nature, for the advance¬ 
ment of agriculture and the general good. 
Agricultural societies Avhich are instituted 
for the advancement of science, should es¬ 
pecially engage in the preparation of such 
experiments, and divide the execution of 
them among the several members. 
Science Avould have made much greater 
progress if the false shame Avith Avhich ag¬ 
riculturists conceal every unsuccessful ex¬ 
periment, and the exaggerated manner in 
Avhich they often relate all those in which they 
have succeeded,had not retarded its progress. 
YVe can experiment either by means of 
simple observation, by examining the sub¬ 
jects and agents placed in relation Avith each 
other, and by considering their reciprocal 
action, and obserAung its results, or by means 
of trials or experiments, by placing some 
well known plants in certain situations, de¬ 
termined with precision, observing their re¬ 
ciprocal action, and preventing, as much as 
we possibly can, any foreign or unknoAvn 
body from influencing the results of our ex¬ 
periments. 
A trial is a question addressed to nature; 
Avhen such a question is properly put, na¬ 
ture Avill necessarily reply either yes or no. 
It is only Avithin the last century that the 
art of making experiments has been clearly 
apprehended. It is on this art that the 
principal poAver of man over the matarial 
world is founded, and that^poAver will be¬ 
come more extended in proportion as he 
brings this art nearer to perfection and car¬ 
ries it into full practice. There is a partic¬ 
ular kind of agricultural experiments AAffiich 
have arrived almost to perfection, and which 
can be regulated with a degree of precision 
equal to that which is attained in the other 
practical sciences—these are comparative 
trials in the open air. 
It is true that experiments of this kind 
are not easily made, but, nevertheless, they 
are in the poAver of every reflecting agricul¬ 
turist Whoever hiis accomplished one ex¬ 
periment, Avhatever may be the peculiarity 
of the circumstances under AA’hich it Avas 
made, and has given a faithful account of it, 
has well contributed to the advancement of 
science, and consequently to useful prac¬ 
tice, and has entitled himself to the grati¬ 
tude of his cotemporaries and of jiosterity. 
It would surpass the poAver of any single 
individual to accomplish any considerable 
number of these experiments, and could 
not be expected from him.— Von Tkaer. 
Red Cedar Posts.— All kinds of Cedar 
are knoAvn to be very duiable, but the heart 
of red cedar is perhaps, preferable on this 
account, to any other kind, and those parts 
of the tree which are most knotty, Avill prob¬ 
ably last longest. E. Bourne, in the Mass. 
Plowman, states that on examining some 
red cedar posts set by his father 48 years 
since, he found those which Avere taken 
from the butt-end of the tree, a little decay¬ 
ed on the outside; but those from the second 
and third cuts of tlie tree, Avere perfectly 
sound.— Cull. 
With proper management the manure 
made by a pen of hogs, is worth as much 
jis the pork. 
