NAME. 
CALVED 
PURCHASERS. 
AVERAGE 
FAMILIES. 
VOLUME I. 
ROCHESTER, N. I.—THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 1850 
1 NUMBER 32 
SALE OF MR. BATES’ SHORT-HORNS. 
•MOORE’S RURAL NEAV-YORKER, 
PUBLISHED WEEKLY. 
Office in Burns’ Block, comer of Buffalo and State 
streets, (entrance on State,) Rochester. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
(Late Publisher and Associate Editor Gen. Farmer.) 
L. B. LANGWORTIIY, Associate Editor. 
Corresponding Editors: 
ELON COMSTOCK and T. C. PETERS. 
Educational Department by L. WETIIERELL. 
[n? For Terms, &c., see last page. ,f~T] 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
) THE SUMMER FALLOW. 
) _ 
) Green-sward, plowed in May or June, 
> and harrowed a few times in the course of 
I the summer, passes in this country under 
j the name of the Summer Fallow; but in the 
I thorough system of culture practiced by the 
I best English and Belgian farmers, “ a fal¬ 
low is a portion of land plowed immediately 
after the crop is removed in autumn, which 
is frequently, as need requires, plowed, har¬ 
rowed, and otherwise made fine, until the 
time of sowing for the following year. It 
is thus, for near twelve months, in a state 
of movement and ceration.” 
The advantages of such a course in clear¬ 
ing, mellowing and fertilizing the soil are 
very evident. The weeds already in the 
ground are uprooted and destroyed, and 
their seeds, being brought by this constant 
turning and stirring, in the jjroper position 
for germinating, it has just time to com¬ 
mence when the plow or harrow disturbs 
and destroys the young plants; which course 
so often repeated rids the soil at last of all 
living vegetable matter. The eggs of in¬ 
sects are exposed, and the larvm, without 
roots or plants for subsistence, mu.st many 
of them perish. Thus two of the most in¬ 
jurious pests of the farmer are thinned out, 
to say the least, by this only course which 
will accomplish that important object. Mel¬ 
lowness and fertility, are also attained: the 
one by the constant stirring—the thorough 
pulverization of the soil, and the mixture 
of the several parts —the sod with the loam 
—the surface with the subsoil; and fertility 
results from the complete exposure of the 
whole to the atmospheric influences of sun 
and air, from the action of frost and lieat, 
and from valuable chemical changes result¬ 
ing from all these, which warm the soil, and 
fit it for the early and vigorous growth of the 
seed, and the production of a profitable crop. 
This course, as we remarked before, is 
seldom followed in this country. Fall- 
plowing is sometimes practiced, and the in¬ 
fluence of the frosts of winter taken advant¬ 
age of to pulverize the stubbornest of our 
soils, but this is usually done to prepare 
for spring crops, and not followed up as 
profitably it might be, as a preparation for 
wheat It seems a loss of labor and capi¬ 
tal to those who make haste to be rich” 
to spend a year in preparing for a crop, 
which they are not to reap until another 
year has expired, and one which, thanks to 
the genial nature of the soil, can be produ¬ 
ced in one half or two-thirds of the time, 
handsomely repaying the labor of the hus¬ 
bandman. 
Our usual summer fallows, which it 
should be our study to render as beneficial 
as possible, have been already broken up, 
and once or twice harrowed, but a late ex¬ 
cursion showed us many of them sprinkled 
with grass and weeds, showing that one 
great object of their preparation was being 
overlooked in the hurry of haying and har¬ 
vesting. If we only stir the soil sufficiently 
to stimulate the growth of grass and weeds, 
leaving them to spread and ripen, we have 
worse than lost our labor, and are preparing 
for the future crop a competitor to outstrip 
it in the race,—so that our barns and pock¬ 
ets shall be vacuums in harvest 
The best course of summer fallowing for 
O 
the wheat crop, short of a thorough one, we 
think, would be to break up in May, rather 
shallow, harrowing lengthwise the furrows 
immediately, and every two or three weeks, 
or oftener if rendered necessary by the 
growth of grass and weeds, in different di¬ 
rections, until the last of July. Then let 
the ground be cross-plowed two or three 
inches deeper than at first, and once tho¬ 
roughly harrowed, and when ready to sow 
let it again be turned over, still deeper than 
before. By the first plowing being but 
shallow, the grass Avould be more likely to 
die, and the noxious seeds being left near 
the surface could scarcely fail to germinate. 
The second and third plowings, would give 
the adequate depth and mellowness to the 
soil—yet we think it would richly repay the 
expense were the field on its first being 
I broken, thoroughly subsoiled tonhe depth 
of twelve or fourteen inches. There is no 
surer protection again-st either extreme 
drouth, or veiy wet seasons, or against the 
heaving and winter-killing of the wheat 
plant, than deep plowing, or subsoiling. 
Circumstances and treatment'will gener¬ 
ally decide the question whether green or 
naked fallows are the best preparation for 
wheat, though if thoroughly carried out 
there can be but one opinion as to which 
will prove the most profitable. Any hoed 
crop, well cultivated, which will ripen in 
time for sowing, especially if it has been 
freely manured in the spring, gives as good 
a preparation for wheat as need be, and the 
expense of this kind of fallow' will be paid 
in advance nor fall on the second crop. It 
has been estimated that every acre of naked 
summer fallow brings a charge of $8, 
against the ensuing crop, and any course by 
which this heavy item can be avoided mer¬ 
its the careful examination of every farmer, 
and we hope men of experience will not only 
investigate it for themselves, but give the 
conclusions which they arrive at, and the 
causes which led to their formation, to the 
agricultural public, through the columns of 
the Rural New-Yorker. d 
CECIDOMYIA TRITICI. OR WHEAT WORM. 
From the description of an insect given by 
our correspondent of Greece, in this coun¬ 
ty, there can hardly be a doubt but what 
it is the destructive plague that has over- 
rrm Vermont and the eastern part of this 
State. The parent is a small fly not larger 
or unlike the musquito, and which, in the 
month of June, while the wheat is in blos¬ 
som, deposits its eggs between the scales of 
the chaff—sometimes to the number of 20. 
The larvm or maggot is about an eighth of 
an inch long, without legs, and moving with 
difificulty. It entirely destroys the interior 
of the kernel, leaving nothing but the skin, 
or bran of the berry. Its color is of a dark¬ 
ish orange, and when having matured itself 
it falls to the ground, where it undergoes 
its changes, and revives the parent fly in 
the spring. Its ravages are so great where 
it pr*ails, as to absolutely preclude the 
possibility of growing a single bushel of 
wheah in large districts. 
We have indulged the hope that there 
was some incompatability in our climate 
and the nature and habits of this great 
plague, as its prevalence in the great wheat 
growing region of the west would be al¬ 
most equal to “war, pestilence and famine 
and it is to be hoped, that it is but local 
and transitory and not the beginning of the 
end, as we have only been advised of this 
solitary instance, and have not been able to 
discover it in any crops we have as yet ex¬ 
amined. 
Ed. Rural New-Yorker: — As the ac¬ 
count of the great sale of Short-horn Cat¬ 
tle belonging to the estate of Mr. Bates, 
which took place the 9th of May last, at 
Kirkleavington, must be interesting to most 
if not all of your readers, I send you a synop¬ 
sis taken from the London Farmers’ Maga¬ 
zine of June, for publication. Speaking of 
the sale in this number of the Magazine, 
Mr. John Ewart computes the number of 
people in attendance ‘•'at the loioest estimate 
to be five thousand persons, including near¬ 
ly every breeder of short-horn cattle of 
note in the United Kingdom, as also breed¬ 
ers from the continent of Europe, and from 
the United States of America.” Mr. Bates’ 
herd at the time of his death was probably 
not surpas.sed by any in existence. A long 
experience of some sixty years as a breeder 
of short-horns, possessing quick and intui¬ 
tive judgment in all matters of this kind, 
and especially as to what crosses would 
prove the most beneficial, enabled Mr. Bates 
to raise his entire herd to such high and uni¬ 
form excellence as is rarely if ever attained. 
To give your readers some idea of the 
superiority and excellence of this widely 
celebrated herd, I cannot do better than 
quote from the writer just mentioned. Mr. 
Ewart says:—“In a combination of those 
qualities which constitute excellence in the 
short-horn variety of cattle, it may be as¬ 
serted with confidence,-that the Kirkleav¬ 
ington herd at the time of its dispersion 
was unequaled by any other in existence.— 
Magniticient size, straight and broad back, 
arched and well spread ribs, wide bosom, 
snug shoulder, clean neck, light feet, small 
head, prominent and bright but placid eye, 
new features of usefulness and beauty 
which distinguished this herd in the very 
highest degree; whilst the hide is suffici¬ 
ently thick to indicate an excellent constitu¬ 
tion—its elasticity when felt between the 
fingers and thumb, and its floating under 
the hand upon the cellular texture beneath, 
together with the soft and furry texture of 
the coat, evinced in an extraordinary de¬ 
gree throughout the herd excellent quality 
of flesh, and disposition to rapid taking-on 
fat In the sixty-eight head of cattle, not 
one could be characterized as inferior or 
even mediocre — all ranking as first class 
animals : and when an idea of inferiority 
arose, it Avas only in reference to a com¬ 
parison with some of this splendid herd, 
Avhich from their most extraordinary excel¬ 
lence may demand especied notice. * * 
“ Of the Duchess family, which origi¬ 
nated with Young Duchess, a tAVO-years old 
heifer, got by Comet, dam by Favorite, and 
purchased by Mr. Bates at Mr. Charles 
Colling’s sale in 1810, for 183 guineas, 
Avere four coavs, three heifers, one heifer 
calf, four bulls and tAvo bull calves; the first 
of Avhich that demands especial notice is 
the 4th Duke of York. This animal, now 
the property of Earl Ducie, is the beau 
ideal of bovine excellence. Ilis mafrnifi- 
O 
cent size, and perfection in every point of 
excellence, entitle him to be considered as 
the brightest gem of the herd; and if not 
the very best bull in existence, he certain¬ 
ly cannot be surpassed. Grand Duke, 
Duchess 54th and Duchess 55th, 59th, 61st, 
62d and 64th, all of the same family, are 
the finest imaginable specimens of the short¬ 
horn tribe. Next in order is the Oxford 
fiimily, consisting of four cows, -two heifers, 
four heifer calves, and three bulls, of Avhich 
Oxford 6th, Oxford 11th, and second Duke 
of Oxford, are all animals of extraordinary 
excellence. 
“The Waterloo and Cambridge Rose 
families were less numerous tlian the two 
preceding. The whole of the animals com¬ 
posing them possessed great excellence, al¬ 
though inferior to those previously noticed. 
The Wild Eyes, the most extensive family 
in the herd, consisting of 25 head, in which 
were nine cows, seven heifers, two heifer 
cah'es, four bulls and three bull calves; and 
of which Balco, a remarkably fine yearling 
bull, and two three-year-old heifers, Wild 
Eyes 22d and 23d, were prominent lots in 
the sale. The only remaining family is the 
Foggathrope. This family comprised two 
cows, one heifer calf, and four bulls — of 
which Ebor, a yearling, sold for 90 guineas.” 
Three animals of the Oxford family, as 
Avill be seen by the synopsis, are to come to 
this country, and one from the Wild Eyes 
— Mr. Morris being the purchaser of Ox¬ 
ford 5th. by Duke of Northumberland, and 
Oxford 10th by 3d Duke of York. Mr. 
Becar purchased Oxford 13th by 3d Duke 
of York, and Mr. A. Stevens purchased 
Wild Eyes 5th, by Short-Tail. 
I copy the annexed account of the sale, 
Avhich contains every family by itself, each 
animal’s age, the price and purchaser. 
S. P. Chapman. 
Mt. Pleasant, Clockville, N. Y., July 29, 1850. 
Synopsis of the Sale of the Bates Herd of Short- 
Horn Cattle, May 9th, 1850. 
DUCHESS family. 
cows, HEIFERS, AND HEIFER CAI.VES. 
Duchess 5Jst. 
“ r)4th. 
“ 55tn. 
“ 5«th. 
“ 5})th. 
“ Cist. 
6-2d. 
“ Cllh. 
Aug. 18, ’4«', «3 
Dec. 3i>, ’ l l, 94 
Oct. 31, ’44, 110 
Nov, 0, **li, Cr4 
Nov. 21, ’47, 210 
Aug. 19, ’48, 1(14 
Oct. 10, ’48, 126 
Aug. 10, ’49, 102 
0 S. E. Bolden. 
10 Mr. Eastwood. 
5 Earl Ducie. 
12 Mr. Ambler. 
0 Karl Ducie, 
0 iKDrd Fevershain. 
0 Mr. Champion. 
15 Earl Ducie. 
RULES AND BULL CALVES. 
Dukeof Richmond, Aug. 8, ’44,120 0 A. L. Mayn.ird. 
Jd Duke of York, Oct. 31, ’45, 74 11 G. D. Trotter. 
4th “ •• Dec. 22,’46,210 0 Earl Ducie. 
Grand Duke, Feb. 14,’48, 215 5.Mr. Hay. 
Duke of Athol, Sep. 20, ’49, 42 0 Mr Parker 
5th Duke of York, Oct. 21, ’49, 33 12 R. Bell. 
OXFORD FAMILY. 
cows, HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES. 
O.xford 2d. Apr. 20,’39, 54 12 Marq. of E.xeter. 
“ 4th. Aug. 8, ’43, 28 7 E. Janies. 
“ 5th. Nov. 24,’44, 74 II Mr. Morris, U. S. 
“ 5th. Nov. 6,’46, 131 5 Earl Ducie. 
“ ,5th- Oct. 27,’48, 42 0 A. Maynard. 
10th. Dec. 30, ’48, 53 11 Mr. .Morris. 
lUh. Aug. 25,’49, 131 5 Earl Ducie. 
«» iq!?' ’'*5> ^5 4 Lord Feversham. 
13th. Jan. 7,’50, 66 3 .Mr. Becar, U. S. 
Tltli. Mar. 1, ’5'’, 21 0 Mr. Downs. 
BULLS. 
2d Duke of Oxford, .Aug. 26, ’43, 110 5 Earl Ilowe. 
„ *! “ 9, ’-15, 61 1 Mr. Robinson. 
Beverley, Oct. 1,’48, 32 11 Mr. Townshend. 
avaterloo family. 
cows, HEIFERS, AND HEIFER CALVES. 
Waterloo, 4ttL May 20, ’40, 22 1 Mr. Singleton. 
Feb. -24,’47, 79 16 Mr. Ashton. 
J.*'!?' 0 A. Maynard. 
11 th. Jan. 29,’47, 73 10 Mr. Eastwood. 
>1 "I.®”' 45,’49, 44 2 Mr. Cruickshank. 
1301. Aug. 8, ’49, 74 11 Mr. Hay. 
CA.MBRIDGE ROSE F.AMH.Y, 
cows, HEIFERS, AND HEIFER CALVES. 
Cambridge Rose5th, Apr. 28, ’46, 47 5 S. E. Bolden 
“ “ 6th, Dec. 11,’48, 73 10,H. Combe. 
“ “ 7th, Dec. 29, ’49, 26 sl.VIr. Downs. 
WILD EYES FAMILY. 
cows, HEIFERS, AND HEIFER CALVES. 
Wild Eyes, 5th, Mar. 19,’40, 21 0 A. Stevens, N. Y 
“ T'th, Nov. 27,’41, 24 3 Mr. Jell’erson. 
“ 8th, Feb. 16,’42, 42 0 Marq. of E.xeter 
■* 14th, Jan. 2‘1,’45, 39 0 Jonas Webb. 
“ 15th, Apr. 3, ’45, 32 11 Mr. Featherstoiie- 
haugh. 
“ 16Ui, Aug. 1,’45, 23 2iMr. Higgs. 
“ 17th, Aug. 4, ’45, 43 1 Mr. Faviel. 
“ 19th, Mar. 20,’46, 63 0 Mr. Cartwright. 
“ 2l8t, Feb. 19,’47, 49 7A. Morison. 
“ 21d, July 26, ’46, 105 0 Mr. Champion. 
“ 23tl, Sep. 3,’47, 105 10 A. Maynard. 
» 24lh, Sep. 18, ’47, 42 0 Mr. Drumond. 
“ 25th, Jan. 1,’48, 74 11 B. Baxter. 
26th, Aug. 9, ’48. 31 10 Mr. Haigh. 
“ 27th, Dec. 8.’48, 45 3 N. Carwright. 
“ 28th, Jan. 14, '49, 27 6 E. Bates. 
“ '^5th, Aug. 3, ’49, 39 18 Lord Feversham. 
“ 3(IOi, Dec. 4,’49, 24 3 Mr. Townshend. 
BULLS AND BULL CALVES. 
Lord G. Bentinck, Apr. 29,’45, 29 8Mr. Annett. 
Parrington, Dec. 16, ’47, 25 4 Mr. Fisher. 
Red Rover, Sep. 26, ’48, 36 15 E. Bates. 
IJalco, Feb. 23, ’49,162 15 Earl of Burlington 
Retreiver, Aug. 12, ’49, 52 10 Earl of Carlisle. 
Crusader, Jaii.no, ’59, 42 0 Mr. Blackstock 
Wonderful, Jan. 12,’50, 31 10 H. Smith. 
FOGGATHROPE FAMILY. 
cows AND HEIFER CALVES. 
Foggothrope, 2d, Sep. 14, ’40, 22 1 Mr. Parker. 
“ 4th, Dec. 14, ’42, 5*2 10 Mr. Sanday. 
“ 6th, Jan. 8, ’50, 31 10 Mr, Gardiner. 
BULLS. 
Euclid, Dec. 13, ’45, 42 0 Duke of Suther- 
,, land. 
Chevalier, Aug. 23,’47, 43 1 Mr. Pullen. 
Chieftain, Aug. 11,'48, 43 1 Mr. Wharton. 
Ebor, Jan, 31,’49, 94 11-Lord Fevershain. 
Chevalier, 
Chieftain, 
Ebor, 
‘Summary of the Sale. 
1 ANIMALS 
-( £. 
8. 
d. 
1 £. 
s. 
d. 
Duchess, 
14 
1627 
10 
0 
116 
T~ 
0 
Oxford, 
13 
894 
12 
0 
68 
16 
4 
■Waterloo, 
6 
357 
0 
0 
59 
10 
0 
Cambridge, 
3 
147 
0 
0 
49 
0 
0 
Wild Eyes, 
25 
1203 
6 
0 
48 
2 
7 
Foggotiirope, 
7 
328 
13 
0 
46 
10 
0 
Total. 
.. . . 68 
4566 
1 
0 
67 
0 
7 
CARE OF FARMING 1*0018. 
Next in importance to the possession of 
the necessary tools and implements to con¬ 
duct agricultural operations, is their proper 
preservation. Yet bow few regard their 
interests in this matter, by bestowing the 
requisite care and attention. It may be 
safely asserted of many farmers that, in a 
course of years, they sustain as much loss, 
or are subjected to as much expense in pro¬ 
curing tools to replace those which have 
suffered decay in consequence of needless 
exposure, as from their actual wear while 
in use on the farm. The damage occasion¬ 
ed by neglect and inattention is much great¬ 
er, we imagine, than is generally known, 
even by the losers themselves — hence we 
beg permission to jog their memories on 
the subject 
The instances are not rare, even among 
those from whom better thing-s might be ex¬ 
pected, in which plows, harrows, cultivators, 
horse-rakes, &c.—instead of being carefully 
housed when the season of their use is over 
—are left in the field, or perhaps drawn up 
in battle array in front of the house or barn, 
thus occupying a goodly portion of the pub¬ 
lic highway, or encroaching upon the door 
plat or barn yard; and, when covered with 
snow, forming most convenient places for 
breaking horses’ legs, tearing off shoes, &c. 
Not unfrequently may be found, also, in the 
same predicament, sundry wagons, carts, 
sleighs, wheel-barrows, and other like use¬ 
ful and proportionably expensive articles, 
exposed to the decay which must result fi-om 
exposure to the suns and rains of summer, 
and the freezing, thaws and storms of fall 
and winter. Now one such season of neg¬ 
lect and exposure does more to weaken the 
wood of such implements—thus hastening 
decay and rendering new purchases neces- 
sary—than their ordinary wear on the farm, 
with careful usage and proper protection 
from the weather. Those who wish to im¬ 
poverish themselves, and at the same time 
enrich the manufacturers and dealers in im¬ 
plements, will most likely see their wishes 
gratified, to some extent, by continuing or 
adoptmg the practice indicated. 
But the wise and economical farmer will 
pursue a different course. He knows that, 
as a general thing, no implement, tool or 
carriage should be exposed to the weather 
when not in use, and accordingly keeps them 
under cover. Those not wanted in fall and 
winter, are properly secured during those 
seasons of the year—and so likewise of those 
not required in summer, such as sleighs, 
sleiK, &c. Indeed, the skillful, thrifty far¬ 
mer never neglects the minor points, the 
details, of his agricultural operations. He 
is known by his care to save as well as to 
acquire—by his practical demonstration of 
that truthful adage which saith, “ a penny 
saved is as good as two pence earned.”— 
On the contrary, he who neglects the lesser 
things, who is not careful to protect and 
save that which he-already hath, as weU as 
to add thereto, will find a large and con¬ 
stant drawback on his profits—and one 
which he cannot make good by hard labor 
unaccompanied by proper management. 
Deep Plowing uniformly increases the 
quantity of grass, and root crops. It- also 
tends to consolidate light soils. It has been 
found that the heads of grain, though much 
fuller and heavier, stand more upright on 
such land as has been deeply plowed.— 
This is attributable to the greater streno-th 
of the roots, and the much greater depth 
to which they penetrate, when invited to it 
by deep, thorough cultivation. Such soils, 
however, always require for perfecting their 
pulverization and fully developing their til¬ 
lable qualities to he well harrowed and 
rolled. 
