MOORE’S RURAL NEW-TORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
267 
(l^rc[Iat^I aiib darbm. 
INOCULATION OR BUDDING. 
Inoculation is so simple, that no one 
who aspires to the most common place ac¬ 
quirements of rural life should he ignorant 
of the process. 
In the first place it is an absolute condi¬ 
tion, that the stock and the bud should be 
of the same genus of plants, and that the 
stock should be in a growing state, to en¬ 
sure the pealing of the bark and the heal¬ 
ing of the wound. 
As a general rule all the stone fruits will 
assimilate,—and all the seed fruits of the 
same genus and species, with some except-1 
ions. The apple and the pear do not form 
a good union, nor form a healthy granula¬ 
tion. The Heart and other improved va¬ 
rieties of the cherry do not work well on the 
Kentish or common red, and will not grow 
on the wild black cherry, but freely with 
the small, red bird variety. 
All the Eoses work together, and no lady 
who has a taste for that queen of flowers, 
should omit to perfect herself in the simple 
art of stocking her garden with all the beau¬ 
tiful productions of that class of flow<?rs. 
On a stock upon which the bark will slip, 
cut a transverse incision, and from the cen¬ 
tre another down or up the stock in the 
form of a T; raise the bark and insert the 
bud, cut from the scion from a half to an 
inch in length, according to the size of the 
wood you are working; tie down with bass 
matting, woolen yarn or candle wicking, wind¬ 
ing firm on each side of the bud. Young 
and thrifty growing stocks should be untied 
in a fortnight; others may remain longer. 
In the spring cut off the stock near the bud, 
of all those that are alive. 
Peaches, if very young and thrifty stocks, 
may be budded in June, and made to make 
respectable growths the same season, as 
may most woods that form buds early 
enough—particularly Roses, which often 
make a growth that will flower the next 
year. 
All plants of the right varieties will bud 
together except the grape; but this law 
does not hold good with respect to the peach, 
which will not take by grafting. The plum, 
cherry and apricot will unite if performed 
early on any stone fruit stock, and on each 
other indiscriminately. 
Since the above article was placed in 
type, we have concluded to give the follow¬ 
ing directions and illustrations relative to 
budding from “ Downing’s Fruit and Fruit 
Trees of America.” The extract will prove 
interesting and valuable to those unacquain¬ 
ted with the process: 
“The proper season for budding fruit 
trees, in this country, is from the first of 
July to the first of September; the differ¬ 
ent trees coming into season as follows:— 
Plums, Cherries, Apricots on Plums, Apri¬ 
cots, Pears, Apples, Quinces, Nectarines 
and Peaches. Trees of considerable size 
will require budding earlier than young 
seedling stocks. But the operation is al¬ 
ways, and only, performed when the bark 
of the stock parts or separates freely from 
the wood, and when the buds of the cur¬ 
rent year’s growth are somewhat plump, 
and the young wood is growing firm.— 
Young stocks in the nursery, if thrifty, are 
usually planted out in rows in the spring, 
and budded the same summer or autumn. 
Before commencing you 
should provide yourself with a 
budding knife about 4^ inches 
long, having a rounded blade 
at one end, and an ivory han¬ 
dle terminating in a thin round¬ 
ed edge called the haft at the 
other. 
In choosing your buds, se¬ 
lect thrifty shoots that have 
nearly done growing, and pre¬ 
pare what is called a stick of 
buds, (Fig. 1,) by cutting oS‘ a 
few of the imperfect buds at 
the lower, and such as may be 
yet too soft at the upper ends, 
leaving only smooth, well devel¬ 
oped single buds; double buds 
being fruit buds. Cut off the 
leaves, allowing about half an 
inch of the footstalks to rc- 
Fig. 1. A main for conveniently inserting 
stick of buds, the buds. Some strands of bass¬ 
matting about 12 or 14 inches long, previ¬ 
ously soaked in water to render them soft 
and pliable, (or in the absence of these 
some soft woolen yarn,) must also be at 
hand for tying the buds. 
Shield or T budding is the most approv¬ 
ed mode in all countries. A new variety 
of this method now generally practiced in 
this country, we shall describe first as being 
the simplest and best mode for fruit trees, 
American Shield Budding. — Having 
your stick of buds ready, choose a smooth 
portion of the stock. When the latter is 
small, let it be near the ground, and,'if 
equally convenient, select also the north 
side of the stock, as less exposed to the sun. 
Make an upright incision in the bark from 
an inch to an inch and a half long, and at 
the top of this make a cross cut, so that 
the whole shall form a T. From the 
Fig. 2. American Fig. 3 
shield budding. 
stick of buds, your knife being very sharp, 
cut a thin, smooth slice of wood and bark 
containing a bud. Fig. 2, a. ^ With the ivory 
haft of your budding knife now raise the 
bark on each side of the incision just wide 
enough to admit easily the prepared bud. 
Taking hold of the foot-stalk of the leaf, 
insert the hud under the bark, pushing it 
gently down to the bottom of the incision. 
If the upper portion of the bud projects 
above the horizontal part of the T, cut it 
smoothly off now, so that it may complete¬ 
ly fit, b. A bandage of the soft matting is 
now tied pretty firmly over the whole 
wound. Fig. 3, commencing at the bottom, 
and leaving the hud and the foot-stalk of 
the leaf only exposed to the light and air. 
After treatment. —In two weeks after the 
operation you will he able to see whether 
the bud has taken, by its plumpness and 
freshness. If it has failed, you may, if the 
bark ^till parts readily, make another trial; 
a clever budder will not lose over 6 or 8 
per cent If it has succeeded, after a fort¬ 
night more has elapsed the bandage must 
be loosened, or if the stock has swelled 
much, it should be removed altogether.— 
When budding has been performed very 
late, we have occasionally found it an ad¬ 
vantage to leave the bandage on during the 
winter.” 
PLUM CULTURE.-THE CURCULIO. 
An Imperial Gage Plum tree on my 
premises has annually produced a good crop 
for the last five years, while four Red Egg 
plum trees, on the same ground, have giv¬ 
en only one good crop during the same pe¬ 
riod—Uie curculio destroying the egg plum 
four seasons. The reasons for this diflfer- 
ence are, the curculio has a preference for 
the Egg Plum; it is also rather a shy hear¬ 
er.* The Gage is so prolific that, if it ripens 
half its crop, there is a fine show of fruit 
There are probably other varieties of 
plums equally desirable as escaping the cur¬ 
culio. It would he well for plum culturists 
to give some attention to this point We 
may succeed in making head against this 
troublesome pest by growing prolific sorts, 
so as to share the crop—and by planting 
occasionally in the plum orchard such fruits 
as have proved to be peculiarly attractive to 
the enemy, thereby drawing their attention 
somewhat from the main point, or tempting 
them to a smaller share, where despatching 
may be more convenient. A few nectarine 
trees would be the most attractive. I have 
not been allowed to gather a ripe nectarine 
from a tree-that has been perfectly loaded 
with fine looking fruit three or four differ¬ 
ent seasons. S. Moulson. 
Rochester, August, 1850. 
THE LAST WORD. 
^ Icirau. 
ABOUT PAINTS AND OILS. 
Ed. New’^-Yokkek:— Your correspond¬ 
ent, “A Painter,” desires to know why 
white lead is not what it ought to be.— 
There has apparently been a slight difficul¬ 
ty in the foreign oil used this year, but the 
main difficulty is a matter of easy solution. 
Carbonate of lead, says Dr. Ure, is shame¬ 
fully adulterated with sulphate of barytes. 
There are establishments within an easy 
day’s drive of LeRoy, where white lead is 
purchased and adulterated with barytes 
ground in oil, and sold as pure lead—mak¬ 
ing a profit by the adulteraation equal to a 
manufacturers profit Manufacturers also 
make four or even more qualities. At some 
establishments tlie best is pure, and may 
generally be distinguished by bearing the 
name of a regular manufacturer. The “ Ex¬ 
tra,” “ No. 1,” and the like, require to be 
adulterated about fifteen per cent for each 
half cent a pound that the price is reduced 
—more than doubling the fifteen per cent, 
as the quality reduces. In some cases, 
eighty pounds of barytes have been added 
to twenty of lead, to meet a very low fig¬ 
ure. In fact dealers can procure lead adul¬ 
terated to any extent they desire. 
The effect is, all paint even slightly adul¬ 
terated turns yellow and dingy, and is easi¬ 
ly rubbed off, barytes possessing little or no 
cohesion, and no body—thus bringing into 
bad repute the finest white that has ever 
been generally used. Fortunately the rem¬ 
edy is easy. Purchase the lead from rep¬ 
utable manufacturers, and when there is 
any doubt or suspicion, analyse it, which is 
a very simple process and requires but a 
few minutes labor. I usually do it in this 
wise: — Take of white lead, after burning 
the oil out of it, ten grains, and add about 
one part of nitric acid to three of water 
making a teasaucer one-fourth full, simmer 
over a fire a few minutes. This makes ni 
trate of lead; pour off the nitrate and re¬ 
peat three or more times, until the lead is 
all converted. If you have a residium, un¬ 
less it happen to be a few particles of blue 
lead, it will be the adulterating material. 
You can dry and weigh; it will give the 
average per centage of adulteration, making 
a trifling allowance for waste. a. b. 
Monroe County, August, 1850. 
NEW LOCOMOTIVE. , 
“ The last word ” is the most dangerous 
of infernal machines. Husband and wife 
should no more fight to get it, than they 
should struggle for the possession of a light¬ 
ed bomb shell. Married people should 
study each others weak points, as skaters 
look out for the weak parts of the ice in or¬ 
der to keep off them. Ladies who marry 
for love should remember that the union 
of angels with women has been forbidden 
since the flood. The wife is the sun of the 
social system. Unless she attracts, there is 
nothing to keep heavy bodies like husbands, 
from flying into space. The wife who would 
properly discharge her duties, must never 
have a soul “ above buttons.” The liber¬ 
ties of England have been won by mutual 
concessions. Let the husband who would 
acquire the privilege of asking friends to 
dinner, without notice, remember this when 
his wife hints at a new bonnet. The wife’s 
want is always the husband’s opportunity. 
The Indians produce fire by the rubbing 
of the driest sticks. Sugar is the substance 
most generally diffused through all the nat 
ural products. Let married people take a 
hint from this provision of nature.—Punch’s 
JPocket Book. 
If you mean to be happy when you are 
[ old, be temperate when you are young. 
We letun by the Pottsville Register that a 
new locomotive, the invention of Mr. Demp- 
hel has been tried on the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad, and with such success as 
to save one half the fuel of the Winans En 
gincs. It is for burning anthracite coal: 
“ The boiler of the new engine forms as 
it were a cylindrical hollow square, open 
only in front Instead of the fire passing- 
through the tubes, a series of 2^ wide tubes 
connect the back of the boiler with the top, 
They are curved over the centre of the fire, 
which plays freely through them. They 
are filled with water, which enters the back 
portion of the angular boiler'and is driven 
with great force up into the top of the same 
continuous chamber. These tubes run well 
up into the dome and penetrate the inner 
boiler, leaving no external joints exposed to 
the fire. It is demonstrated that this ar¬ 
rangement gives steam more quickly with 
one half the fuel usually consumed.” 
It has also a new blower to throw back 
upon the fire the fine particles or carbon 
which are in general driven up the smoke 
P'F-_ 
A Mine of Paint.— Yesterday forenoon 
we spent a short time very pleasantly in an 
examination of the paint mine, recently 
opened in West Springfield, by Skinner & 
Hancox, of this town. The substance from 
which the paint is obtained is a shelly 
stone, hard in its natural state, but af¬ 
fected like lime by the air. Ground fine, 
and mixed with oil, it forms, without other 
ingredients, a neat, durable, fire and water 
proof paint. The stone lies in diamond-sha¬ 
ped masses, and extends through four acres 
of a bluff an the btink of the Agawam Riv¬ 
er opposite the Mitteneag factory. Two 
colors have been obtained so far, slate and 
freestone. The stone is entirely free from 
grit, and affords a paint one-half or two- 
thirds cheaper than lead. We have been 
shown some very handsome specimens of 
work done in this paint An analysis of 
the stone by Prof. Jackson has resulted in a 
highly favorable report.— Springfield Post. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
iSSUKI) FROM THE UNITED STATED PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending August 6, 1850. 
To T. J. Barnes, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in the manufacture of raw-hide whips. 
To H. Carver, of Edinburgh, Va., for improve¬ 
ment in scrapers used by cabinet makers. 
To E. Hart, of New Albany, Ind., for improve¬ 
ment in seed planters. 
To J. A. Hill, of Bloomington, Ind., (Assignor 
to J. R. Cannon, of Hiltonsville, Ind., and A. 
Hobbs, of Greensburg, Ind.,) for improvement in 
ballot boxes. 
• • 
To C. C. Knowles, of Lowell, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in processes for amalgamating gold. 
To Jesse Pannabecker, of Elizabeth Township, 
Pa., for improved method of making barrels for 
fire-arms. 
To Thos. Parkinson, of Naples, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in hanging and opening gates. 
To E. M. Shaw, of Baltimore, Md., for improve¬ 
ment in tenoning machine. 
To R. S. Sherman, of Napanock, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in churn-dashers. 
To K. Spencer, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in harness saddles. 
To Wm. Vine and J. H. Ashmead, of Hartford, 
Conn., for improvements in machines for beating 
gold. 
To K. Vogel, of Westbrook, Me., for improve¬ 
ments in machinery for dressing weaver’s harness. 
To Wm. & Matthew C. Walker, of Lancaster, 
Pa., for improvement in churn-dashers. 
To James White, of Milton, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in cooking stoves. 
To E. K. Wisell, of Warren, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ment in tenon-bits. 
A MOUNTAIN OF GOLD. 
Mmtsllt (Iconaraij. 
CHURNING. 
Housekeepers ought to know that 
churning can be done with any good churn 
in five to fifteen minutes, as well in winter 
as summer, hy having the temperature of 
the cream right—say sixty to sixty-two de¬ 
grees. The temperature of an ordinary 
sitting or living room, in winter, to be com- ^ j 
fortable, is sixty-five to sixty-eight degrees, 
and a closet opening into such a room would 
be the best place to keep the pot in the 
winter. In the summer the cream can be 
readily reduced to the right temperature, 
by breaking up clean ice and putting it in¬ 
to the churn. 
A thermometer, which is necessary to 
regulate these matters, costs but one dollar; 
and such an investment every farmer ought 
to make, who has churning to do, and thus 
save labor and time, which is money, and 
make this much dreaded part of the duties 
of farmers’ wives and daughters much 
pleasanter and easier.— Ohio Cultivator. 
A Nice Tea Rusk— Good, hot or cold. 
— Beat seven eggs, and mix with 4 pint 
new milk, ^ ifa. melted butter, ^ pint of 
yeast, 3 oz. of sugar, and stir in gradually 
as much flour as will make a verj’ light 
paste; set it before the fire to raise half an 
hour, and then add flour, and form flat 
loaves or cakes; bake moderately, cool, cut 
in slices, and brown them in a hot oven, 
and eat hot or cold. Some use caraway to 
flavor with. 
Taste and Genius. —Taste and Genius 
combining, form a delightful association 
which imparts to the soul more congenial 
enjoyment than any extrinsic or sensible ob¬ 
jects can bestow; and to renounce these 
would be to check the fountains of mind and 
destroy the sources, so pure and abundant, 
of intellectual happiness. 
A PARTY of emigrants by way of the Salt 
Lake arriving at Los Angelos, gave an ac¬ 
count of the existence of gold on that route 
east of the principal mountain range, when 
a company then fitting out for a spot about 
sixty miles from the Pueblo, changed its de¬ 
termination, and proceeded in search of this 
other. The route lay in the northeast di¬ 
rection from the place of departure and full 
of difficulties. Striking the Mahahve river, 
they followed its course some distance, re¬ 
crossing as necessity compelled, some days 
as often as fifteen times, leaving it where it 
makes a bend to the south-east, towards the 
Colorado, into which it empties. Obstacles 
were encountered at various parts of the 
journey almost insurmountable, in the shape 
of mountains of rock, which they had to 
climb and mountains of snow which they 
could not avoid; narrow gorges through 
which they had to pass, and still narrower 
cliffs among whose crests nothing but a 
mule could pass with a prospect of safety, 
and where the slightest misstep would land 
rider and all hundreds of feet below; but 
they pushed on about two hundred and 
thirty miles from the Pueblo, the point for 
which they started. Here among the east¬ 
ern spurrs of the Sierra Nevada, they found 
the object of their search—gold—and silver 
too; and in such quantities as they had not 
dreamed of—a perfect mountain of rocks 
with silver and gold mingled and commin¬ 
gled in solid masses, weighing from one to 
many tons. The quartz proved to be ex¬ 
ceedingly hard, to such a degree that, dur¬ 
ing their short stay, all the implements made 
for this particular purpose before starting 
were completely worn out in the operation 
of drilling and blasting. 
The strangest part of the whole discovery 
is yet to be told. These large boulders of 
of gold, silver, and quartz have the gold in 
the south end and the silver in the north 
end! No exceptions were found in thee.x- 
aminations, the silver being the most abund¬ 
ant of the two. In the words of the person 
who was on the spot, “ there is enough sil¬ 
ver there to sink every ship in this harbor.” 
Possibly some may look upon this ac¬ 
count as a jest, and so far as the practica¬ 
bility of putting the discovery to any use at 
present is concerned, it is so. All the wa¬ 
ter to be found for miles and miles around 
is highly impregnated with salt or saleratus 
or both. Not a single drop of water, free 
from one or the otlier of these properties, 
did one of the party obtain during the ten 
days of their stay. The whole region is a 
perfect waste, and disease and death must 
inevitably follow any prolonged stay. On 
their return they met a large company go¬ 
ing to the same spot A true statement of 
the difficulties and dangers of a further 
prosecution of the expedition, induced about 
200 to turn back—50 went on. 
The gentleman named, from whom these 
fiicts have been obtained, is now in this city 
with specimens in his possession, brought 
from the mother mountain. They are the 
most singular and beautiful we have ever 
seen, and one need only to see them and 
hear them, to be convinced that nothing 
has been told but the truth. 
The facts are communicated by the gen¬ 
tleman who headed the party of explora¬ 
tion—a gentleman formerly connected with 
the New York press, Mr. Riell, of the New 
Era. The specimens *we have seen.— Pa¬ 
cific News. 
We beat tlie English on steam hammers. 
At the Kemble foundry, opposite West Point, 
there is one m operation which weighs 1940 
—whereas the hammer imported from Eng¬ 
land to be used in an iron factory in Con¬ 
necticut weighs but 1400 pounds. 
Fisii Sauce.— Slice sour apples and to¬ 
matoes, 4 lb- each; salt, sugar and raisins, 
■4 K). each; ginger and red chillies, 4 oz. 
each; garlic and shallots, 2 oz. each. Make 
all fine, and add one quart of lemon juice; 
agitate it often for a month, and then pour 
off and bottle. Used hot or cold for fish, 
meat, stews, &c. The thick part may be 
used in stews, soups and chowders. 
To Cook Rice. —Soak your rice in salt 
and water for seven hours, and then put it 
in fresh water and boil it—only ten minutes 
after it begins to boil; then empty it out in 
a colander before the fire until it drains and 
dries, when you will find a delicious dish, 
and every grain separated, answering the 
purpose of a large number of vegetables.—% 
How few people know how to cook rice! 
STARCH FROM INDIAN CRON. 
Many of our readers are not aware of 
the extent of this new branch of manufac¬ 
ture, which we hope soon to see take the 
place of whiskey distilleries in the consump¬ 
tion of our great American staple, Indian 
corn. There is now in operation, at Oswe¬ 
go, New York, a manufactory that consumes 
2,000 bushels of corn a week, which makes 
40,000 lbs. of the whitest and most beauti¬ 
ful starch for all domestic purposes, ivheth- 
er for the laundry or pantry. The building 
is 130 by 190 feet, five stories high, (to 
which an addition is about being erected,) 
and contains 200 cisterns for precipitating 
the starch, 11 furnaces with drying rooms, 
and employs about 70 men, and manufac¬ 
tures upwards of $120,000 worth of starch, 
annually. There are two other similar es- 
ablishments in the United States, and yet ^' 
he demand is constantly increasing. 
It is found that this kind of starch is su¬ 
perior to any other for culinary purposes, 
because it is always made from clean, sweet 
com, the gluten of which is separated by a 
peculiar process of grinding and washing, 
the corn being first steeped in a chemical 
liquor, then reduced to pulp, sifted and fil¬ 
trated, and passed into huge cisterns, whence 
it flows through long narrow troughs, drain¬ 
ing off the water through coarse cotton 
cloths. In 12 hours, the starch becomes 
like wet clay, capable of being handled and 
dried, a process that requires much care and 
a powerful heat. The residue of tlie corn 
is used for feeding hogs and other domestic 
animals. 
This is a new use of Indian com, but one, 
we hope, that will prove profitable to the 
manufacturer, and induce a very large con¬ 
sumption of this grain, and thereby increase 
the price to the grower. We should like to 
have some statistics of the other corn starch 
manufactories in the country for the pur¬ 
pose of noticing them as being intimately 
connected with the interest of the agricul- 
j^al community, and the object of our jour¬ 
nal.— American Agriculturist. 
Register Hygrometer.— = At one of Lord 
Rosse’s recent scientific soirees, Mr. Appold 
exhibited his curious Register Hygrometer 
for keeping the atmosphere of a house at 
one regular moisture. The instrument with 
a variation at one degree in the moisture 
opens a valve capable of supplying ten quarts 
of water per hour—delivering it to pipes 
covered with blotting paper heated by a 
gas stove, by wdiich the water is evaporated 
until the atmosphere is sufficiently satura¬ 
ted and the valve thereby closed. A lead 
pencil is attached to register the distance 
the hygrometer travels; and thus a sheet of 
paper moved by clock work shows the dif¬ 
ference between the wet and dry bulbs of 
the thermometer at any period of time. 
