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I VOLUME I. J- 
llOCHESTEE, N. Y.-THUKSDAY, SEETEMBEE 5, 1850 
MOORE’S RURAL NEAV-YORKER, 
PUBLISHED WEEKLV. 
Office in Burns’ Block, corner of Buffalo and State 
streets, (entrance on State,) Rochester. 
Look out and save your own garden and 
field seeds, and get rid of the loss and 
grumbling at seeds men for selling poor or 
worthless articles. There is great virtue in 
having good seed—more than in one-half 
thejpa^/tecs and isms that prevail on this 
sublunary footstool of ours; —remember 
that. Prompter. 
VIRGINIA LANDS. 
The question is very frequently heard 
during the past year, throughout the States 
of New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and 
part of Pennsylvania,—especially among 
those who have intended to go to the new 
States, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa and Mines- 
ota, for a-new home,- 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
(Late Publisher and Associate Editor Gen. Farmer.) 
L. B. LANGWORTHY, Associate Editor. 
Corresponding Editors: 
ELON COMSTOCK and II. C. WHITE. 
Educational Department by L. WETIIERELL. 
iCr For Teams, &c., see last page. ,ril 
What does it mean ) 
that we hear of farms for sale in the tide ) 
water portion of Virginia, already cleared ) 
up, exceedingly well timbered, with com- > 
fortable dwellings upon them, located on ) 
and near navigable rivers and inlets, but two ? 
1 conse- 
APPLES AS FOOD FOE ANIMALS. 
The value of apples, as a feeding and fat¬ 
tening crop, is greatly overlooked by a lai’ge 
portion of the farming community. It has 
been estimated by those who have paid at¬ 
tention to the subject, that two bushels of 
apples are equal in value to one bushel of 
potatoes, and that two bushels of potatoes 
are equal to a bushel of corn. This is an 
approximation to their relative value, and 
near enough for all the purposes of the 
farmer. 
When we consider the ease with which 
apples can be produced, and the quantity 
that can be grown on a given quantity of 
; land, compared with other crops, they can 
hardly fail of being admitted as an impor¬ 
tant item in‘farm . husbandry. An apple 
tree of medium age and size, will produce 
an average of ten bushels of fruit per year, 
and will not occupy, to the exclusion of oth¬ 
er crops, more' than two square rods of 
ground. Two square rods, if planted with 
potatoes, would not yield, on an average, 
more than a b«»i}>eVv> the rod—which, with 
all the appliances of plowing, seed, hoeing 
and gathering, will not be worth ov'er from 
one to two shillings per bushel, while tlit 
two rods of ground occupied by the tree, 
without a moment’s labor, or care, gives ten 
bushels, and often a much greater yield, and 
is worth for feeding five times as much as 
the produce in potatoes or any other crop. 
All wormy and wind fallen apples in the 
orchard, should be gathered once a week, 
and fed to the hogs, for two or three very 
good Reasons:—to destroy the larvte of the 
future insect, that have got domiciliated on 
your premises—to give your hogs a start 
preparatory to being yarded for pen fatten¬ 
ing—and to have a clear bottom for the fi¬ 
nal gathering for winter use. 
Apples cooked with potatoes give a rel¬ 
ish to the mess, that the animals eagerly 
exhibit over the potatoes alone, and should 
be thus fed after the hogs are put up; and 
we think where apples are freely used that 
the swill should not be allowed to sour, and 
pass into the vinous fermentation, changing 
the saccharine into spirituous matter. 
In traveling through the New England 
States, one cannot but be struck with the 
great lack of orchards; rarely are to be seen 
young and thrifty trees, regularly planted 
out, but mostly old straggling patches, moss 
covered and decaying. i>Jany large orchards 
have been cut down, during the crisis of the 
temperance fever, for conscience sake—a 
more mistaken policy than which, fanaticism 
never enforced. The corn, the rye and the 
wheat might with equal reason have come 
under the ban of the reformers, and an 
ukase been promulgated for their annihila¬ 
tion, as they equally contribute to form in¬ 
toxicating drinks. 
Sheep and horses feed and thrive well on 
apples, and never choke. If you can’t get 
three dollars a barrel for cider, better feed 
them, or sell by the barrel all the cultivated 
varieties, or use them in the family; they 
are nuti'itious, healthy, and the cheapest 
food the farm produces. 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT, 
NOTES FOR THE MONTH. 
This month is one of the pleasantest of 
the ytnt —not uncomfortably arid, or incon¬ 
veniently cool, but just that medium of tem¬ 
perature, that allows thinking, calculation, 
gratitude—a cool and pleasant review of 
the day-book of life, and settling in our 
own minds how the battle has been 
fought—whether we have manfully battled 
with the elements, the depredators and in¬ 
fliction of the weed, the thorn and the this¬ 
tle, for the necessities, wants and comforts 
of existence—whether the earth has return¬ 
ed its bounties equal to our wishes and ex¬ 
pectations, and if not, whether the failure 
was on our part from neglect, improper til¬ 
lage, or the result of contingencies beyond 
our control; and on the striking of the gen-! 
eral balance sheet of probabilities—rekolve 
to act in conformity to its instructions. j 
IFTow is the time to kill weeds among the 
potatoes, in the garden, and all corners and 
crevices—that is, if you care anything about 
their absence. Very few are yet ripe 
enough to germinate. Bushes may yet be 
cut, at least during two weeks of this month, 
with advantage. 
Swamps and low grounds should be ditch¬ 
ed grubbed, and stumped, (or the stumps 
“extracted,”) this month. Make ditches 
wide with sloping banks, and study the phi¬ 
losophy of the sources of the water—wheth¬ 
er from the draining of uplands, slopes, or 
streams coming beyond your boundaries, or 
from springs and dripping strata on their 
borders, in which. latter case cut them oflP, 
and direct to a general central outlet. 
Let the hog* be pushed a little with ex¬ 
tra feed, preparatory tu 'perning, which 
should be as soon as potatoes will do to gath¬ 
er and cook for food. Put up swine for fat¬ 
tening early as possible, as all animals take on 
fat much faster in mild weather than in cold. 
Sow wheat from the first to the tenth.*of 
this month, or if circumstances are upropi- 
tious, certainly as early as the twentieth.— 
Early sown wheat stands the winter better, 
from the extension of its roots, its hardier 
foliage, gives a greater yield from a more 
abundant stooling, and an earlier ripening 
—thereby avoiding that peculiar period of 
our climate, which produces the fungus 
known as rust. 
Spare no pains to procure clean seed, and 
if you fear smut, brine and lime thoroughly. 
If an entire Timothy meadow is desired 
after the wheat crop, sow it with the wheat 
—no other method is certain. After the 
fallow is in good order, no other operation 
is so important as its proper drainage. 
days’ sail from New York City, and 
quently very near our best maritime market, ^ 
and yet these farms sell at fiom to 20 j 
J -11__- Du \ 
dollars per acre ?” 
There is such a disparity between the 
prices demanded for these farms, and those 
with which we have hitherto been acquaint¬ 
ed, in the North and West, that, (taken in 
connection with the known fact, that the 
slaves have only used the old stub plow, 
and have skinned the land about four inches 
deep, so stigmatizing the whole region of 
land as w^rn out,) some unseen evil is sus¬ 
pected. Either the weevil consumes the 
wheat, or the young southerners will not 
respect our daughters if we labor, or there 
can be no schools, or the fruit drops oflf 
prematurely, or the summer is too hot, or 
in some way there must be “ a nigger in the 
fence.” 
Having resided in Virginia two years, I 
became somewhat acquainted with this 
region of eountry, and I should be happy to 
have the privilege, through your excellent 
paper, to say a few words, by way of cor¬ 
recting some misapprehensions, and answer¬ 
ing the queries alluded to above. The 
Stat#of Virginia seems to be divided into 
three distinct regions—the Western or 
CHAPIN’S PORTABLE CIDER-MILL AND PRESS. 
This machine is the invention of Mr. Na¬ 
than. Chapin, of Syracuse, N. Y., and was 
patented in 1848. Since it was first pat¬ 
ented, however, some improvements have 
been made in the grinding apparatus. It 
is arranged in one compact body upon a 
sett of common wagon wheels, and may be 
drawn from one orchard to another by a 
pair of horses or oxen. The machine ope¬ 
rates while standing upon its, wheels, and 
the patentee states that it will make from 12 
to 20 barrels of cider per day, with the 
help of two men and one horse. They are 
also made in small form, about the size of 
a Fanning Mill, and conveyed and operated 
by hand in a barn or cellar, at pleasure. 
The above engi’aving, and following de¬ 
scription by the inventor, will give the rea 
der a clear idea of the machine and its ope¬ 
ration:—The apples are ground by four 
fluted cylinders set in a square form within 
the mill at E, which mash together in four 
places, propelled by a horse pcissing round 
the mill, with the lever, or sweep G. Oth¬ 
er methods of mashing the apple may also 
be adopted. The pumice is caused to de¬ 
scend through the bottom of the box, into 
a large receiver or press crib B, made of 
perforated plank and grates, so as to be form¬ 
ing the cheese while the apples are being 
ground. The following plank and block F 
are then introduced for pressing—the cider 
is extracted and passes through the open¬ 
ings in the sides of the crib, by the action of 
the screws, and is conducted to the tubs by 
a channel in the margin of the platform O. 
When the pressing is finished, the tubs and 
rear grate B are removed—the platform 0 
is let to the ground, and the cheese is drawn 
out in a body, upon a seperate slide platform 
under the rear axletree A by a horse, and 
left clear from the milk The same sweep, 
G, after being used for turning the screws, 
is again placed upon the centre shaft of the 
grinding machinery H, and the process 
again commences. D D are bars of iron 
suspending the platform to the press beam 
or beams, if more than one, during the pres¬ 
sure of the screws. 
For further particulars, see Mr. Chapin’s ^ 
advertisement in this number of the New- 
V'ORKER. 
regions 
mountainous, the Middle or table land, and \ 
the Eastern or Atlantic tide water region. \ 
The latter is so called, I presume, from the ^ 
fact that the tide sets up many miles into | 
the interior—up the bays, creeks, rivers I 
and inlets—and in this way, many thou- \ 
sands of farms in this part of Virginia, are ) 
favored with facilites for marketing, at all ) 
seasons in the year, beyond any region of ) 
country I know of in the world. The lati- ^ 
€ude of the country at once bespeaks for it s 
SMUT IN WHEAT. 
It is well settled, and generally well 
known and admitted, that the disease in 
wheat known as smut is a parasitic fungus 
endowed with the organs of reproduction, 
and in fact possesses vegetable vitality; and 
if sown with seed or attached to it in any 
way, even as a slight glazing of its dark and 
impalpably fine sporules, will affect the 
plant to its great detriment. 
Much money has been expended in pre¬ 
miums, and much labor spent to discover 
some process or steep that would destroy 
its vitality, and render wheat safe and in¬ 
vulnerable to its attacks. Li over one hun¬ 
dred experiments instituted for that pur¬ 
pose, and carried out with the greatest care 
and accuracy, it was found that a steep of 
stale urine, and an after drying with lime, 
was the most—in fact a perfect preventive. 
Arsenic, blue vitriol, copperas, and vari¬ 
ous other metallic salts, have been used with 
good effect, but a much simpler process 
than to use a steep, and with the most com¬ 
mon and cheapest materials, answers the 
purpose and bids defiance to the propaga¬ 
tion of smut. Put 10 or lo bushels of 
wheat in a heap, and with a small dish 
throw on strong brine, made with com¬ 
mon salt, until it is thoroughly saturated; 
after a few hours give it another drenching; 
shovel over and leave 12 to 24 hours; dry 
in air slacked lime, and the process is com¬ 
plete, with one-tenth the trouble and labor 
required in using a steep or bath of brine, 
and at a much less expense in salt. 
The process we endorse, having used it 
for some years with unerring success. 
CARROTS.-ROOT CROPS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —Below I 
give you a statement of the product aiid 
profits of two acres of Carrots. The loca¬ 
tion was rather ujjfavorable—the land be¬ 
ing quite flat and moist, with a steep hill on 
one side. We had two violent showers, that 
submerged nearly all of the field for two or 
three days, and on some parts the water re¬ 
mained nearly a week. My object in giv¬ 
ing the result of the crop is not that I think 
it a large one by any means—on the con¬ 
trary I consider it hardly medium; but still 
I think it paid well, as the ground was left 
in fine order and produced a heavy crop of 
oats tlve following season. 
The cost of cultivation, seed, harvesting, 
&c., amounted to $74 SB. The number of 
bushels produced was 850—which, at one 
shilling per bushel, is $106 25. The tops 
were estimated at $10—making total value 
of product $1 ■ 6 38, which after deducting 
expenses, leaves a profit of $41 81. 
I am just commencing the dairy business, 
and would be happy to hear from any one 
who may have had experience, whether it 
is advisable for a farmer (with a farm of 
about 100 acres, situated five to ten miles 
from the canal—land well adapted to roots 
—men’s wages from $13 to $15 per month, 
by the season,) to raise roots; and what kind, 
the time and manner of sowing and harvest¬ 
ing—the quantity fed to each cow—and 
|uch other information as may throw light 
’hpon the subject. There are many things 
I would like to say in regard to root culture, 
&c., but must defer for want of time. 
Madison County, August, 1850. a. d. 
The present price of wheat in France is 
91 cts. a bushel !—In New York it is 140 
cents. This fact will explain why it is that 
France is just now sending info European 
markets a vast deal more wheat and flour 
than the United Htates. 
