MOOHE’S EUEAL NEW-YORKER; AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL 
BTJTTEENUT SUGAR 
Knowing that our common butternut 
tree yields, upon being wounded, a consid¬ 
erable amount of sap, I was led to make a 
trial of it, to ascertain whether a sufficient 
amount of saccharine matter was afforded 
to make it an object worthy of the farmer’s 
notice. I accordingly tapped several trees 
that stood in an open field, from each of 
which I procured about four gallons of sap, 
which, on being evaporated, yielded five 
ounces to the gallon of grained sugar.— 
This sugar had a peculiar honey-like flavor, 
and would make better molasses than any 
other kind with which I am acquainted.— 
It was observed that, as it evaporated, it 
had a tendency to form into flakes of trans¬ 
parent jelly, which would render it neces¬ 
sary to be strained and clarified while it was 
very dilute. 
This sugar does not partake of the me¬ 
dicinal properties of the bark. It will be 
seen that the sap of the butternut yields 
about twice the amount of sugar that is af¬ 
forded by the sugar maple, and the quality 
would be by most persons considered supe¬ 
rior. In making sweetmeats and'^reserves, 
it would be by most housewives preferred 
to any other sugar. The experiment was 
undertaken too late to ascertain the amount 
of sap which one tree will yield; but I 
think it would be quite equal to that of the 
maple, of the same size, .and growing in 
the same soil and situation. 
The [saccharine properties of the sap of 
this tree are common to the whole tribe of 
walnuts, although they must differ consid¬ 
erably in the relative amounts in each spe¬ 
cies. The experiment is well worth re¬ 
peating, and the hint may prove valuable 
to those whose circumstances render it con¬ 
venient. In many localities, these trees oc¬ 
cur in sufficient abundance to furnish profit¬ 
able employment during the early part of 
Spring, before labor is required upon the 
farm .—American Agriculturist. 
CANADIAN METHOD of HUNTING WILD BEES. 
The Canadians adopt an ingenious plan 
for discovering the trees that are stored with 
honey. They collect a number of bees off 
the flowers in the forest and confine them 
in a small box, at the bottom of which is a 
piece of honeycomb, and ©n the lid is a 
square of glass large enough to admit the 
light into every part. When the bees seem 
satiated with honey, two or three are al¬ 
lowed to escape, and the direction in which 
they fly is attentively watched, until they 
become lost in the distance. The hunter 
then proceeds towards the spot where they 
disappeared, and liberating one or two more 
of the little captives, he also marks their 
course. 
This process is repeated, until the other 
bees, instead of following the same direc¬ 
tion as their predecessors, take the direct 
opposite course, by which the hunter is con¬ 
vinced that he has over-shot the object of 
his pursuit; for it is a well known fact, that 
if you take a bee from a flower situated at 
any given distance soiith of the tree to which 
the bee belongs, and carry it in the closest 
confinement to an equal distance on the 
north side of the tree, he will, when liber¬ 
ated, fly in a circle for a moment, and then 
make his course direct to his sweet home, 
without deviating in the least to the right 
hand or the left The hunter is now v»ry 
soon able to detect the tree which contains 
the honey, by placing on a heated brick a 
piece of lioneycomb, the odor of which, 
when melting, is so s+rong and alluring, as 
to entice the whole to come down 
from their citadel. When the tree is cut 
down, the quantity of honey found in its 
excavated trunk seldom fails to compensate 
the hunter very amply for his perseverance 
FAEMEBS AND THEIE CHILDEEN. 
The paramount duty of the agriculturist 
is to elevate his class, and to which he is 
entitled. 
No idea more fatal to the supremacy of 
the farmer ever possessed him, than that of 
educating some one child in particular for 
what is denominated a learned profession. 
Let agriculturists, educate their children 
thoroughly, regardless of any such partial, 
unfair, and unjust consideration. 
As agriculturists, let them eduQ^te their 
children as agriculturists. Let them not 
give bread to one and stones and serpents to 
the other. Let them bear in mind that ed¬ 
ucation adorns and improves’ the cultivator 
of the soil as much as it does the lawyer, 
doctor or the divine. It is a false notion 
and unworthy the citizens of a free repub¬ 
lic, that education is not necessary to the 
culture of the soil. When we reflect that 
this is a free country, and that freedom can 
only be preserved by the pure light that is 
reflected by knowledge, can the cultivator 
of the soil hesitate a moment to put his 
shoulder to the wheel ? If he loves his 
children, educate them. It is a duty we 
owe both children and country. 
-- ■ - 
Fox-hunting —tossing up for lives with 
a fox, and running the risk of being in at 
3 ’^our own death, instead of that of the an¬ 
imal you are pursuing. 
A man’s nearest kin are oftentimes far 
other than his dearest. 
dDrtliatb anb (larben. 
GATHERING AND KEEPING FRUIT. 
To insure the safe keeping of apples for 
winter use, one point is of more importance 
than all others, although there are many 
minor points of some importance; and that 
is, that they shall be singly and individually 
hand picked, and when barreled not be 
tumbled in from a basket, falling the entire 
height of the barrel, but either carefully 
handed down, or a small basket lowered and 
carefully emptied. Freedom from bruises 
is one of the absolute conditions of safe 
keeping. 
Apples intended for late keeping, should 
be gathered before heavy frosts occur in the 
fall. A temperature a little below 32 or the 
freezing point of water, bursts the vesicles 
containing the juices, and causes an incip¬ 
ient fermentation—a loss of flavor and pre¬ 
mature ripening. 
Apples barreled, from the tree especially, 
if put up in tight barrels, sweat, and the 
condensed vapor settles and is held by 
capillary attraction at the points of contact, 
causing eventually rot and decay. This 
may be avoided by laying them on a floor 
for 10 to 14 days, not over 18 inches deep 
and not long enough to allow wilting. A 
dry cellar, and of the temperature from 28 
to 32, greatly insures their preservation from 
decay. 
Apples intended for transportation any 
distance, should be .so shaken down and the 
barrel entirely filled, that in heading up, the 
upper tier should absolutely touch the head¬ 
ing and even be bruised a little, by the force 
required to put the head to its place. 
Fruit intended for late, or spring eating, 
should about February be overhauld, wiped 
and repacked. 
Those intended for family use, should be 
so arranged that the period of ripening, or 
eat-ability, should come along in succession 
according to their respective properties— 
par example, mark Holland Pippins No. 1, 
Seeknofurthers 2, Greenings 3, Spitzenburgs 
4, Swaars 5, Russetts 6, and so on accord¬ 
ing to the varieties the orchard produces. 
Apples are flat, tasteless and insipid unless 
eaten in their sea.son of perfection. 
Apples put into a water tight cask, and 
allowed to stand all winter in an open out¬ 
house, whereby they are frozen like rocks, 
invariably comes out bright and fair in the 
spring. 
It is an abstruse subject, and the ration¬ 
ale difficult to arrive at; as to what causes 
the entire change of principles in some vege¬ 
tables, roots and fruits, that takes place in 
freezing and thawing. The potato once froz¬ 
en and thawed in cold water in the dark 
has all its original properties so entirely 
changed as to bear no analogy to its former 
constituence. 
Vinegar may be so frozen, as to loose its 
properties of acetous acid, and become an 
inert composition of malate of potash and 
sugar, and various other substances are so 
changed as not to be recognized. 
BARTLETT PEARS. 
This celebrated Pear we are sorry to 
know is not as extensively grown here as it 
should be. Some three years since we saw 
the first (and purchased the same) which 
were ever offered for sale in this market. 
The same trees (those of Mr. Wilcox, in 
Brighton,) have yielded some 4 bushels this 
season. We have see® them and it is a 
great treat we can assure our readers, to 
see and have the privilege of eating some 
of them. Finer samples we have never 
seen, and in a few days the friends of the 
Rural New-Yorker shall have the privi¬ 
lege of seeing it pictured and colored, if 
they will call at the office. j. ii. w. 
BELLE MAGNIFIQUE CHERRY. 
We are delighted with this fine large va¬ 
riety. A seedling had sprung up in the 
garden, into which I inserted a bud, and 
the tree is now six feet high, hung with 
cherries from the highest point where the 
branches are old enough, down to within 
one foot of the ground. It is truly an or¬ 
namental plant 
While our light-colored cherries were de¬ 
caying in abundance on the trees, the Belle 
Magnifique was too small and green to be 
affected by the wet weather; and now (7 
mo. 20,) when nearly all our other (60) 
kinds are gone, this comes in as a prelude 
to the feast of apricots. Though belonging 
to the class of Duke cherries, it loses most 
of its acidity in ripening, and ranges very 
high on oui- list of favorites.—D. T., in Cult. 
FRUIT GATHERER. 
Ed. Rural New-Yorker: —Never hav¬ 
ing seen any notice of a machine for gath¬ 
ering apples, I send you a description of 
one that I have used with very good suc¬ 
cess. The frame was made of four poles, 
two sufficiently large for a two inch hole to 
be bored through the ends, so that the oth¬ 
ers could be put through them at each end, 
making a long square, the largest the long¬ 
est. It needs four legs about two and a 
half feet long, if the land is level—if not, a 
difference sufficient to level the frame. It 
then needs six standards two and a half or 
three feet long, on which to suspend the 
canvass, which needs a cord around the out 
side of it with loops in the cord to hook on 
the standards. Three standards on a side 
is sufficient, with two extra ones for the 
ends, the length of the leg and standard, 
the loop on the upper end and the lower 
end on the ground to prevent its sagging at 
the ends. The canvass will settle down in 
the middle and by having a slit about fifteen 
inches long, Avith a cord at each end fasten¬ 
ed to a stick about six or seven inches long 
to be drawn through the middle of the 
handles of a corn basket; the weight of 
which will make it more like a funnel, and 
the apples falling on the canvass will roll to 
the centre and fall in the basket Gather 
when the apples and leaves are dry and the 
leaves will help to keep the apples. Thirty 
yards of common sheeting is sufficient for 
moderate sized trees. I used forty-six, but 
found it larger than necessary for my 
trees. t. m. b. 
Tompkins County, 1850. 
We do not entirely comprehend the use 
of the above contrivance for gathering fruit, 
but suppose this frame is to be set under 
the tree,* and the apples to be shaken off 
and made to fall on the canvass and roll into 
the basket They would be liable to strike 
each other in many cases, and also to be 
wounded by the limbs and spurs in falling, 
which would be fatal to their keeping. We 
know of no safe and certain, method of 
gathering apples but hand picking— and 
the best way is as good as any. 
I TO WINTER BOURBON ROSES- 
The editor of the Prairie Farmer an¬ 
nounces that he has succeeded after seve¬ 
ral years trial, in wintering with perfect se¬ 
curity the Bourbon and other equally ten¬ 
der roses,* so that not an inch of twig or 
even of leaf was blackened or injured. It 
will be recollected that they have very 
sharp weather at Chicago, where these ex- 
j periments Avere tried. 
I The process is this : — “ First, to keep 
their feet dry; this is essential, for in Avet 
soil, they are sure to be spoiled. The next 
thing is a proper covering for the tops. — 
The best thing we have yet tried is tan 
hark. Indeed, this leaves nothing to desire. 
It is one of the best non-conductors extant, 
and unless soaked in water, will keep suffi¬ 
ciently dry for all needed purposes. 
“ Let the twigs be bent down in the fall 
before the ground is much frozen, and fast¬ 
ened, and then covered to the depth of six 
inches; place on the whole a piece of board 
laid so as to turn off the Avater, and the 
plant is safe till spring. Care should then 
be exercised in removing the covering, a 
part being taken at a time, and a part be¬ 
ing left till the weather is tolerably well 
settled.” 
“ Tea and China roses may also be kept 
in tan; though a portion of them will fail.” 
— Cultivator. 
* The Bourbon roses include the Souvenir Nlal- 
maison. Princess Clementine, Gloire de Rosamene 
Liquid Saleratus. — Put the salts into 
a bottle, and add water till nearly the whole 
is dissolved, and cork up for use. A little 
experience will show you the quantity to 
use, and it insures a perfect and uniform 
distribution of the alkali in every part of the 
flour, and avoids those unsightly and disa¬ 
greeable tasting spots in buscuits, that can 
hardly be avoided when used in the dry 
state. This receipt is Avorth the price of 
our paper one year. 
Hoav to make Cream Cheese. —For tAvo 
cream cheeses, take six quarts of neiv milk 
and one of sweet cream, to which add two 
or tliree spoonsful of rennet, and let it stand 
until sufficiently firm—spread a linen cloth 
in a large basin of cold Avater, lay the curd 
gently on it, tie the cloth and hang it up to 
drain for four or five hours in a cool place; 
then change the cloth, and put the curd in¬ 
to a vessel the circumference of a common 
plate, and press it moderately six or eight 
hours, when it must be taken out, turned, 
and split horizontally with a thread; lay the 
cloth between the two cakes, and again put 
them in press for 12 or 14 hours; if then 
pressed enough, Avhich can be ascertained by 
their firmness, keep them in fresh grass a few 
days, turning them morning and evening. 
ytu^mt Irts ^ Iriratt. 
EMERY'S UPRIGHT SA'W MILL. 
The annexed cut represents a very sim¬ 
ple and effectual arrangement for sawing 
curved work in wagon making, cabinet 
ware, &c. 
This machine is so made as to be equally 
well adapted for driving by the 1 or 2 horse 
railroad power, or may be used by steam 
or water power as desired. Its construction 
is a simple frame, with two uprights from 8 
to 12 feet long, with three cross beams of 
3^ by 6^ inches square. Near the upper 
end is hung a straight shaft with fly wheels 
D on each end, outside the frame. 
E. Two driving pulleys, (one loose.) 
C. Wrist pins in fly wheels, to drive con¬ 
necting rods. 
F. Connection of the driving rods and 
lower part of saw gate. 
G. Table. 
B. Dog for holding down plank. 
A. Wind Box and Pipe, for cleaning away 
saw-dust 
These mills can be afforded complete for 
$40, ready to be driven by horse, steam, or 
water power._^ Warranted to be superior to 
anything of the kind heretofore offered— 
and with one of the R. R. Horse Powers, is 
an important acquisition to mechanics hav¬ 
ing heaAy or curved sawing to do. The 
whole can be taken to pieces and packed 
for shipment to any part of the country.— 
Weight about 300 pounds. For sale by 
Emery <fe Co., at the Albany Agricultural 
Warehouse. 
TO MAKE PAINT WITHOUT LEAD OR OIL. 
Tavo quarts skimmed milk; two ounces 
fresh slacked lime; five pounds whiting.— 
Put the lime into a stoneware vessel, pour 
upon it a sufficient quantity of milk to make 
a mixture resembling cream, the balance of 
the milk is then to be added; and lastly the 
whiting is then to be crumbled and spread 
on the surface of the fluid, in which it gradu¬ 
ally sinks. At this period it must be well 
stirred in, or ground as you would other 
paint, and it is fit for use. There may be 
added any coloring matter that suits the 
fancy. It is to be applied in the same man¬ 
ner as other paints, and in a few hours it 
will become perfectly dry. Another coat 
may then be added, and so on, until the 
work is completed. This paint is of great 
tenacity, and possesses a slight elasticity, 
which enables it to bear rubbing even with 
a coarse woollen cloth without being in the 
least injured. It has little or no smell even 
when wet, and when dry is perfectly ino¬ 
dorous. It is not subject to be blackened 
by sulphurous or animal vapors, and is not 
injurious to health. All which qualities 
giA'e it a decided advantage OA’er white lead. 
The quantity above mentioned is sufficient 
for covering 57 yards with one coat— An¬ 
napolis Republican. 
W’^e endorse this recipe. The casein or 
curd of the milk by the action of the caustic 
lime, becomes insoluable, and has been used 
for time immemorable as a lute for chemi¬ 
cal experiments. It is a good, and in com¬ 
parison Avith Avhite lead, a durable paint. 
The Building for the Worlds Fair.— 
It is stated that the building for the exhibi¬ 
tion of 1851 will contain five hundred miles 
of window sashes, one hundred miles of put¬ 
ty, 24 miles of zinc guttering, eight miles to 
driA'e under cover. The building will be 
wholly of glass, wood frame, and iron pillars. 
In one position the spectator Avill be able to 
see one thousand feet before him in one un¬ 
broken view. It is believed that the build¬ 
ing Avill be so superb that the public will be 
the first to oppose its removal. A writer in 
the ‘’Builder” states that one hundred and 
fifty tons of putty will be required to make 
the builbinsr. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
issued from the united states patent office 
For the week ending August 27, 1850. 
To C. L. Adanco'urt, of Troy, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in expansible bitts. 
To Asa Blood, of Janesville, YVis., for improve¬ 
ment in obstetrical chairs and supporters. 
To Stephen Burdett, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in turning up the steps of omnibuses. 
To Harvey Camp, of Newton, Ga., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for cutting straw. 
To J. B. Chollar, of West Troy, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in revolving coal grates. 
To S. Clayton and Y. Baily, of Westchester, 
Pa., for improvement in self-generating gas lamps. 
To T. G. Clinton, G. H. & E. H. Knight, of 
Cincinnati, Ohio, for improvements in stoves. 
To N. B. Cook, of Chicago, Ill., for improved 
lock for fire-arms. 
To B. P. Coston, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in shirt studs and buttons. 
To E. B. Finch, of Peekskill, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in stoves with circular shaking grate. 
To Albert Fuller, of Boston, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in cast iron car wheels. 
To John W. Harrison, of Logansport, Ind., for 
improvement in detaching horses from carriages. 
To J. R. Hooper, of West Philadelphia, Pa., for 
improvement in grain drj'ers. 
To James Hunter, of Blockley Township, Pa.» 
(Assignor to J. Knight, of Providence, R. I.,) for 
improvement in the mode of cleaning and drying 
gum elastic or cloth bands in calico printing. 
To Hazard Knowles, of Washington, D. C., for 
improvement in saws. 
To A. R. Morrill and H. Baldwin, of Nashville, 
N. H., for self-acting adjustable feed-gear for drill¬ 
ing machines. 
To Tilgath Odeon, of Portsmouth, Va., for 
method of attaching yards to trusses. 
To A. F. Park, of Troy, N. Y., for improvement 
in electric telegraph manipulators. 
To H. L. Sheperd, of Dayton, Ohio, for im¬ 
proved arrangement of dampers in cooking stoves. 
To David Stuart, of Philadelphia, Pa., (Assign¬ 
or to W. P. Cresson,) for improvement in blowers 
of Franklin stoves. 
RE-ISSUE. 
To Desire Buck, of Albany, N. Y., (Admistra- 
torof Darius Buck, deceased,) for improvemen in 
cooking stoves. Patented May 20, 1839. 
DESIGNS. 
To G. W. Ring, of Troy, N. Y., (Assignor to 
Johnson, Cox & Co.,) for design for parlor stoves. 
To W. L. Sanderson, of Troy, N. Y., (Assignor 
to S. Cole & G. C. Mosher,)for design for a stove. 
To C. W. Warnick, of Philadelphia, Pa., for 
design for stoves. 
MAGNETO-ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 
A SUCCESSFUL experiment has just been 
made at Paris, of a new telegraphic ar¬ 
rangement. It is thus described: 
A striking experiment has just been 
made under the direction of the French 
gOA'ernment, to test the efficacy of Mr. Hen¬ 
ley’s magneto-electric telegraph, which is 
Avorked without batteries of any kind, and 
at a fraction of the cost of the Voltaic system. 
The line of railway assumed for the trial 
Avas that from Paris to Valenciennes. At 
the Paris end the director-in-chief of tele¬ 
graphs for the French government, Mons. 
Foy, superintended; while at Valenciennes 
were present the Minister of Public Works, 
Count Shekendorff, the Prussian Ambassa¬ 
dor, M. Mosay, the Chief Engineer of the 
Belgian Railways, Baron Devaux, M. Quet- 
elet, and M. Gabray, Chief Engineer of the 
Belgian government to report on the subject. 
The distance is 180 miles, being the lon¬ 
gest telegraph line in France. After a 
most satisfactory series of trials on the sin¬ 
gle distance, first with full power, and after- 
Avards with one-twentieth of the poAver, the 
wires were connected so as to tremble the 
total length of wire, making 540 miles to 
and from Paris and back—the mag-netic 
message being communicated through the 
third, and back again by the earth. It was 
not anticipated that the magneto could pos¬ 
sibly work through this enormous resistance, 
but in fact, it is alledged it was worked as 
distinctly and rapidly as when only made to 
traverse the 180 miles with full power.— 
The ordinary telegraph, with battery power 
used by the French government was then 
put in requisition; but not the slightest ef¬ 
fect was produced. On the single distance, 
even a signal was sometimes not obtained 
for several minutes, owing, it is said, to the 
same fault in the batteries, although the 
officials were exerting themselves to the ut¬ 
most. The government officers and others 
inspected the working operations from 10 to 
3 o’clock, and expressed themseh'es thor¬ 
oughly satisfied Avith the success of the 
trial. 
IMPROVEMENT IN TANNING LEATHER 
Henry W. Ellsavorth, Esq., says the 
Lafayette Journal, has shown us several 
specimens of leather Avhich were tanned, 
under his own eyes, in the space of ten 
minutes, by a process of Avhidh Marmoa 
Hibbard, of Rochester, N. Y., is the invent¬ 
or. This statement maj^ seem almost in¬ 
credible, when it is considered that six. 
eight and ten months are required to tan 
leather by the ordinary process. Mr. Ells¬ 
worth has in his possession a pair of boots 
and a pair of shoes made from a raAv hide 
in less than a day and a half, tanned by this 
new process. The leather is tanned bv a 
compound of chemicals, and, in time and 
materials, is a saving of at least five thou¬ 
sand per cent, over the present slow meth¬ 
od of making leathei’. 
The Pught, says the Journal, for Con¬ 
necticut and Massachusetts w’as sold for 
$500,000, Ohio for $150,000; Michigan 
for $100,000,—this undoubtedly is one of 
the greatest improvements of the age. 
