MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
GROWN WHEAT-RUNNING SKBAD, 
The unfavorable harvest this year, on ac¬ 
count of the wet weather hag injured a 
great deal of wheat in the western country. 
There is none that was not secured before 
the rains but what exhibits some grains that 
are grown and matted.. 
Bread made from grown wheat shows a 
di-sposition to run while rising in the loaf 
and never makes light, porous bread— 
Spring wheat, from its excess of gluten, is 
subject to the same defect 
In the raising, or panijication of kneaded 
flour, alcohol and carbonic acid are produced, 
both of which are thrown oft’ in baking. In 
London, a company has been formed to save 
the alcohol thrown otf by large bakerie.a, but 
with what success we are not advised 
The germination of grain, causes the ve¬ 
sicles containing the starch to burst, and an 
incipient fermentation takes place, unfavor¬ 
able to the action of yeast. A simple pre¬ 
ventive of tliis defect must be a desidera¬ 
tum with all good housewives, who value 
themselves for having good bread. 
Aecipe.—To an ordinary batch of bread, 
say four loaves, add while mixing a gill or 
more of whiskey or any other ardent spirits, 
according to the the requirement of the 
flour, which Is soon learned by trial — 
With good materials the difference of grown 
flour cannot be discovered from the best 
and perfect article. The alcohol entirely 
evaporates or is decomposed, and che nicest 
taste, and most fastiduous T. T. cannot de¬ 
tect its presence or discover the critter at 
all. 
ROCHESTER AND CHARLOTTE PLANE 
ROAD NURSERIES. 
This is a comparatively new establish¬ 
ment, located on the land of J. C. Camp¬ 
bell, Esq., on the west side of the Genesee 
River, about three miles north of Rochester. 
The fine appearance of the slirubs, flowering 
plants, &c., ahd the good condition of the 
grounds, reflect much credit upon Mr. C. J. 
Ryax, the florist and manager. 
The .show of Dahlias, comprising over 70 
sorts, is unique and in every respect w'orthy 
of admiration. They are now in perfection 
and full flower, and worth a visit from all 
admirers of that splendid exotic. 
Mr. Ryan has made the commencement 
of a beautiful exhibition for another year, 
of a great variety of the most rare and ad¬ 
mirable plants and flowers now known and 
esteemed. 
Ills fruit trees, judging from the labels 
we observed, a*re well chosen and adapt¬ 
ed to this climate—embracing all the new 
varieties as yet introduced. We anticipate 
the popularity of this establishment, not 
only from its well selected and rare articles, 
but from the kind and gentlemanly man¬ 
ners of its proprietors. 
MULCHING, OR GURNEYISM, AS APPLIED 
TO FRUIT TREES. 
We have lately seen several instances of 
this system, which should commend it to 
general adoption in all cases where there 
can be any hope of benefit from its use.— 
The first w^as in an orchard consisting of 
nearly a thousand apple trees, belonging to 
Mr. L. F. Allen, on Grand Island. This 
orchard had been planted four or five yeans, 
on a hard clay soil, and during all the pre¬ 
vious seasons, had made little growth, nor 
scarcely borne an apple. Last spring, a 
large forkful of swamp grass was spread 
around the trunk of each tree, and the con¬ 
sequence has been, constant dampness on 
the surface of the ground beneath the hay, 
and a more vigorous growth than has ever 
before taken place, while almost every tree 
is covered with fruit. As the owmer pro¬ 
poses giving us a full description of his or¬ 
chards, and their treatment for this paper, 
we omit further notice of them for the 
present. 
Another friend practices mulching with 
salt hay, which is much better for this pur¬ 
pose than the preceding. This contains an 
additional ingredient for attracting moisture 
in the salt combined with it. Many plants 
require shade and moisture, and when pro¬ 
tected by this, will thrive and yield abund¬ 
antly, which, if not thus protected would be 
entirely unproductive. 
Another friend uses the shives (the fine 
woody portions,) of flax. By giving a thick 
covering of these to the ground around the 
trees, all the benefits of moisture are secur¬ 
ed. There is a decided advantage in the 
use of this material, as it does not require 
to be raked off like hay and straw, on the 
approach of cold weather to avoid harbor¬ 
ing field mice or other vermin, which fre¬ 
quently commit great ravages among the 
trees during winter, when they have a hi¬ 
ding place near. The cutting of the hay 
or straw in a cutting machine, would pre¬ 
pare it equally well for this purpose, as the 
shives of flax. Tan bark, or sawdust are 
also useful; but it is better to have the lat¬ 
ter discolored, so as to approach a dark 
brown. This color facilitates the radiation 
of heat, and the consequent formation of 
dews, both of which circumstances largely 
augment production.—Amer. Ag. 
ed by taming them from a wild state.-— j 
There may be many more domesticated in 
the same way, if pains were only taken to 
do it. Those who have tried the experi¬ 
ment say that it requires them, or the spe¬ 
cies, to be tamed three generations to bring 
them down to a thoroughly domesticated 
state. There are many splendid species of 
water fowl that, if tamed, would not only 
make useful additions to the flocks of the 
poultry yard, but add greatly to the beauty 
.of those flocks. For instance, that elegant 
and mo.st beautiful of the duck tribe, known 
as the w'ood duck. We have known occa¬ 
sionally individuals of this species to be 
Earned in Maine, but have not heard of any 
systematic efforts being made to perpetuate 
them in a domestic state. The following 
from the Family Visitor, gives the most 
authentic account that we have seen of any 
number being domesticated. 
This account states that H. T. Kirtland, 
Esq., of Mahoning county, Ohio, succeeded 
on several occasions in domesticating that 
beautiful bird, at and one lime had on hand 
a considerable flock. 
He had trained a small dog so thoi oughly 
that it would pass along the shores of the 
bayous in the vicinity, during the summer, 
where flocks of the old and young ducks 
were congregating, and before the latter 
were sufficiently fledged to take wing. 
Alarmed at the approach of an enemy, 
the old ones would sound their peculiar 
notes and fly away, and the ducklings steal- 
thilv run on shore and conceal themselves 
among the weeds and grass. The faithful 
dog would trace them out one by one, and 
as soon as he had detected one would place 
it between his two forq paws and retain it 
without injury. In this way he could take 
any desirable number. At one time he had 
a large flock that were full grown and in 
their full plumage, which in the males is 
more beautiful than the peacock or any 
American bird. 
They were restrained wdthin the enclos¬ 
ures of his garden and door yards, contain¬ 
ing perhaps an acre of ground, and w^ere 
apparently as tame as our common domestic 
Mmlard, (the common tame duck.) 
At a time w’hen some of them were pre¬ 
paring their nests in hollow logs furnished 
them for that purpose, a mischievous pole¬ 
cat found his way into the premises and de¬ 
stroyed several of the females. This inter¬ 
rupted them for that sea.son. The survivors 
were neglected and suffered to escape into a 
creek in the vicinity, and before the return of 
another season were destroyed by hunters. 
We have been told that they have been 
domesticated by some farmers on Long Is¬ 
land .—Maine Farmer. 
EMERY & CO.’S NEW THRESHER AND CLEANER. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
ISSUEU FROM THF. CNJTED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
B'or the iveek’ending September 3, 1850. 
The above cut represents a Thresher 
with an apparatus attached to it for cleaning 
or winnowing the grain. It was got up by 
Messrs. Emery <fe Co., of Albany. They 
have tested its operation thoroughly during 
and since the late harvest, and ive learn 
that it gives entire satisfaction. It cleans 
the grain for marked without waste, as fast 
as it is threshed. The cost of the cleaning 
apparatus is about $30—making the cost 
of the Thresher and Cleaner, $75. 
To Lambert Alexandre, of France, for improve¬ 
ments in sub-marine vessels. 
To C. F’. Brown, of Warren, R. I., for improv¬ 
ed method of attaching lines to harpoons. j 
To L. S. Chichester, of Troy, N. Y., for im- ! 
provoment in machines for dressing staves. 
To S. A. Clemens, of Granby, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in pressing cotton, and other substan- \ 
ces into bales. 
To Samuel Coll, of Hartford, Conn., for im¬ 
provements in repeating fire-arms. 
To David Curroiit, of Crittenden, Ky., for im- 
movement in hand-vpinners. 
To Win, Field, of Providence, R. I., for ma¬ 
chine for bevelling the surfaces of washers, &c. 
To C. W. Finzel, of Bristol, England, for im- 
provemet in draining sugars. 
To E. B. Forbush, of Buffalo, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in clamps for holding paper in writing 
and drawing. 
To O. W. Hogle, of Somerset, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in fastenings of Hay Rakes. 
To S. S. Jewett & F. H. Root, of Buffalo N. 
Y., for improvement in Stoves. 
To David S. Neal, of Lynn, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in Car Couplings. 
To J. F. Ostrander, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in Planing Machines. 
To Barthelomy Thimmonnier, Sen., of Amplo- 
pius, France, (Assignor to Philip May of London, 
England,( for improvements in Sewing Machines. 
To John H. Towne, of Philadelphia, Pa., (As¬ 
signor to Solymau V. Merrick, of Philadelphia, 
Pa.,) for improvements in the direct action steam- 
hammer. 
To W’m. P. Tatham, of Philadelphia, Pa., for 
improvements in the manufacture of lead pipe. 
To Seymour Tomlinson, of Washington Hol¬ 
low, N. Y., for improvement in apparatus for 
Breaking Horses. 
To Benjamin Welch, of Lakeville, Conn., for 
improvement in Surgeon’s Splints. 
MILL DRIVEN BY ARTESIAN WELLS, 
The following account of a mill driven by 
water from Artesian Wells, Is taken from our 
worthy exchange “ The Beacon,” of Greens¬ 
boro, Ala. It will surprise not a few of our 
readers: 
“At Millwood, Dr. Withers has a mill 
which is supplied with water from six Ar¬ 
tesian Wells, situated in the premises, at 
distances from the Mill varying from some 
50 to 200 yards, ranging in depth from 300 
to nearly 600 feet, and affording nearly 
1000 gallons of water per minute. The 
water flows from all the wells to a common 
reservoir, and is conveyed thence to the 
Mill by an acqueduct under ground, and is 
received into a box or reservoir, whence it 
falls on a reaction wheel 40 feet below, and 
thus puts the Mill in motion. After acting 
on this wheel, the water is conveyed to the 
river by means of a Tunnel, dug ihrough 
the limestone rock, 240 feet in length, and, 
at the highest point, upwards of 50 feet in 
depth. The Tunnel is 5 feet 8 inches deep, 
by 4 wide. 
As the water is nowhere visible under 
the Mill, and empties into the river at a 
point not seen from the Mill, some 50 odd 
feet below the top of the bluff, the Mill 
when in motion presents to the superficial 
observer the appearance of a self-acting 
piece of machinery. 
The reaction wheel is one of Whitelaw 
& Stirrat’s, and was manufactured at the 
West Point Foundry. It is only 30 inches 
in diameter, with two apertures for the es¬ 
cape of the water, 1 by 4 inches. It makes 
450 revolutions per minute, and the saw 
150 strokes, cutting about 2000 feet of lum¬ 
ber per day. The wheel is calculated for 
running two saws, though only one has 
been yet attached. The entire machinery 
works finely, and appears to be constructed 
on the.most approved principles.” 
The fruit for this preserve, which is a very 
delicious one, should be finely flavored, and 
quite ripe, though perfectly sound. Pare, 
stone, weigh, and boil it quickly for three 
quarters of an hour, and do not fail to stir it 
often during the time; draw it from tlie fire, 
and mi« with it ten ounces of well-refined 
sugar, rolled or beaten to powder, for each 
pound of the peaches; clear it carefully from 
scum, and boil it briskly for five minutes; 
throw in the ^trained juice of one or two 
good lemons; continue the boiling for three 
minutes only, and pour out the marmalade. 
'’I’wo minutes after the sugar is stirred to the 
fruit, add the blanched kernels of part of 
the peaches. 
Peaches, stoned and pared, 4 lbs.: f hour. 
Sugar, 2-|-lbs.: 2 minutes. , Blanched peach 
kernels: 3 minutes. Juice of 2 smoiVlem¬ 
ons; 3 minutes. 
0 ^ 15 .—This jam, like most others, us im¬ 
proved by pressing the fruit through a sieve 
after it has been partially boiled. Nothing 
can be finer than its flavor, which would be 
injured by adding the sugar first; and a 
larger proportion renders it clo'yingiy sweet 
Nectarines and peaches mixed, make an ad¬ 
mirable preserve. 
To Preserve, or*Dry Peaches or Nec¬ 
tarines. —The fruit should be fine, freshly 
gathered, and fully ripe, but still in its per¬ 
fection. Pare, halve, and weigh it after the 
stones are removed; lay it into a deep dish, 
and strew over it an equal weight of highly 
refined pounded sugar; let it remain until 
this is nearly dissolved, then lift ;be fruit 
gently into a preservfing-pan, pour juice 
and sugar to it 
HEAVY MASSES OF COPPER 
IMPROVED FAMILY SOAP, 
Our attention has recently been called to 
the Flora and Excelsior Soap, manufactur¬ 
ed by Messrs. Cadwell, Payson & Co., 42 
Gold street which, for all the various pur¬ 
poses to which soap is applicable, is supe¬ 
rior to anything of the kind which we have 
ever seen. For the removal of oils, print¬ 
er’s ink, tar, pitch, paint or wax, it is inval¬ 
uable, and appears to be equally well adapt¬ 
ed to washing in hard as soft water, with 
three-fourths the labor usually employed, 
and, consequent!}', i^ a orcat saving in the 
wear of the clothing, >. cll as expense in 
wa-shing. The facilities Avith which mus¬ 
lins, ginghams, and printed cotton goods 
may be cleansed with cold water alone, dis¬ 
pensing both with boiling and bleaching, 
will render it invaluable in the family and 
to the washerwoman; to the latter especial¬ 
ly, it will prove a most desirable auxiliary. 
It sets all colors, and acts like a charm in 
woolen goods and carpets that have been 
soiled with oil or grease. It is said also to 
be unequalled for removing tan, pimples, 
(fee., from the skin—makes a rare dentrifice, 
and for bathing, hotels, and general toilet 
purposes, is peculiarly adapted. 
For removing iron rust from paint, it has 
received the highest recommendations, and 
as a Marine Soap, for all Government pur¬ 
poses, it has been pronounced by a commit¬ 
tee at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, to be un¬ 
surpassed. This soap will stand any cli¬ 
mate, and improves with age. Specimens 
may be seen at No. 42 Gold-st .—Farmer 
<& Mechanic. 
tons or more, and many of them are cut 
from masses weighing many tons. 
The copper is too tenacious and compact 
to be broken in pieces by blasting, and it 
has to be cut up with a long chisel, three- 
fourths of an inch in width, by chipping oflf 
piece after piece with a heavy hammer.— 
By this slow and expensive process, these 
large masses of native copper are cut up in¬ 
to pieces for shipment An inventor of 
some machine for sawing or cutting this 
copper by steam power, would strike a vein 
of good fortune. 
The Minesota mine is turning out masses 
of the same description and of the same 
great weights. 
Here are four pieces lately sent down:— 
4,720; 4,050; 3,400; 2,465; whole weight, 
14,641. 
The schooner Spartan, Capt Fuller, clear¬ 
ed at this port on the 10th ult, with 56 
masses of copper, which weighed 57 1674- 
2000 tons, of Avhich 13 weighed under 700 
pounds. And the docks here, and at the 
mines are filled full of masses of the same 
enormous size. And all these constantly 
increasing shipments of this metal have to 
be carted across the portage, and shipped 
again, after being lifted on and oft' from 
carts, and handled over four times, attended 
with great expense and delay, and all for 
want of a canal three fourths of a mile. 
AMERICAN STEEL. 
Foremost among the improvements in 
our manufactures is that of steel We have 
seen articles of the finest cutlery made of 
the steel manufactured in Jersey City, that 
will vie in excellence of quality of the ma¬ 
terial itself, as Avell in the perfection of the 
instrument formed, with the best that are 
imported from the most celebrated estab- 
tishments of Europe. Razors, scissors and 
surgical instruments have been made from 
the steel of the Jersey City Manufactory, 
which must establish for American instru¬ 
ments, a reputation equal to that enjoyed 
by the most celebrated of foreign Avorkman- 
ship. The time is fast coming Avhen in this, 
as in everything else, avc are destined to 
take the lead in all that is valuable and 
useful .—Farmer efi Mechanic. 
ot a good housewite tor preserving or “ cur¬ 
ing ” tomatoes so Sfiectually that they may 
be brought out at any time between the 
seasons “ good as new,” with precisely the 
same flavor of the original article. 
Get sound tomatoes, peel them, and pre¬ 
pare just the same as for cooking; squeeze 
them as fine as possible, put them into a 
kettle, bring them to a boil, season with 
pepper and salt; then put them in stone 
jugs, taken directly from water in which 
they, (the jugs,) have been boiled. Seal 
the jugs immediately, and keep them m a 
good cool place.— Exchange. 
The Cranberry. —The best method of 
spreading the cranberry vines is the follow¬ 
ing. If the land be such as will admit of 
plowing in the dry season of the year, it 
it should be well done, and, after drying a 
feAV days, thoroughly harrowed. By thus 
preparing the land, it will be suitable for 
the reception of the seed, which is easily 
obtained from poor or rotten cranberries, 
by pounding and washing in Avater. The 
quantity usually sowed per\icre is one peck, 
after Avhich the land may be bushed, and if 
very dry to roll would be beneficial The 
seed should be sown rather than the cran¬ 
berry, as it is less liable to be Avashed away 
in time of rains, and also most likely to 
sprout, Avhen placed in contact Avith the 
earth, than while in the cranberry. An¬ 
other advantage in soAving the seed is in 
spreading it more evenly over the land, 
than it can be done by sowing in the berry. 
One acre of land adapted to the cranberry, 
and sown in this manner, will produce a 
great profit after some three or four years. 
To Extract Spermaceti from Carpets 
OR Clothes. —There is no better way of 
removing spermaceti, than (afUir scraping 
ofi" with a knife as much as you can get 
from the surface of the spot,) to cover it 
with a piece of clean blotting paper, or any 
paper that is soft and thin, and press it with 
a Avarm iron. By repeating this, (taking 
each time a clean part of the paper) any 
spermaceti spot may be removed from car¬ 
pets, coats, ladies’ dresses, or other similar 
articles. 
When spermaceti lias been dropped on a 
table, lay a blotting paper on the spot, and 
then hold over it, carefally, at a small dis¬ 
tance above, a hot coal in the tongs.— 
Pressing it with a warm iron would mark 
the mahogany. 
Wonderful Machine. —Tyler Davidson, 
says the Cincinnati Commercial, yesterday 
shoAved us a wonderful specimen of artistic 
ingenuity, which came about os near to per¬ 
fection in its imitation of nature as.it is pos¬ 
sible for human skill to approach. It Avas 
a small box, containing a delicate combina¬ 
tion of machinery, similar to that of a Avatch, 
Avhich, Avhen Avound up, caused a bea'^tiful 
little bird, Avith the richest plumage, to 
start out from the lid, and after warbling 
sweetly for a Avhile, return to its place, the 
lid closing after it. The bird seemed en¬ 
dowed Avith life, moving its bill to the time 
of its notes, and fluttering as it sang. It 
Avas manufactured in Geneva, and cost one 
hundred guineas, or $500. 
Broom Corn. — This article appears to 
have become an important article of produc¬ 
tion with the farmers of the Genesee Valley. 
We should judge that there was treble the 
amount now growing than in any former 
year. The crop looks remarkably line—the 
bush is very heavy—and the process of 
breaking if not already commenced, will be¬ 
gin very soon, and give employment to a 
large number of hands. We have noticed 
large lields wliere the corn stands from ten 
to twelve fe<;t in height We are told that 
it is a profitable crop to raise, but from the 
abundance of the crop, and the large amount 
soAvn this year, undoubtedly the price Avill be 
much below that of last year.— Liv. Rep. 
Improa'e-d Scythe Snath.— Mr. Erastus 
S. Clapp, of Montague, Mass., has invented 
a very beautiful improvementon the manner 
of setting and fastening scythes in their 
snaths, for Avhich he has taken measures to 
secure a patent. The improvement is made 
in the butt of the snath whereby by turning 
a small screw nut, the scythe can be taken 
out, fastened, and set to any point, by rais¬ 
ing or lowering its heel to suit the mower 
and for mowing on level, and uneven ground. 
No wedge nor clasp is used;'the outside of 
the butt of the snath is smooth as any part 
of \%.—Scientific American. 
Bugs on Vines. — Sprinkle them Avith 
urine. If too strong, it will kill the vines 
as well as the bugs. A moderate dose, di¬ 
luted with Avater, will drive off the bugs 
and make the vines grow rapidly, 
Nothing is more frightful than* active 
ignorance. 
