MOORE^S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EAMILY JOURNAL. 
DIAGRAM OF THE STATE FAIR SHOW GROUIVD —ALBANl, SEPT., 1850. 
/HORSE \ ^ 
i 
Es HM fi\rr 
dress from him of a highly instructive and * DIAGRAM OFTHE 
mteresting character at each place. The —— ——=— 
addresses were so plain and practical that _ 
dl could understand and appreciate them, 
and at the same time they werf highly sci- y/'' 
entific. The first address was on the im- 
portance of a high order of Agricultural //' /^^ e-'-v 
Education, and the second on the Nature // 
and Culture of Wheat 
You will see from the above that the 
farmers of Wayne have had a week of high h'/fffll il 
holidays, and wo all feel that it cannot but j ! i Ho [ WORSE \ 
result in the best practical advantage to our ; | H ^ I i 11 ,h \ R ' / 
county. Yours resp’y, r. g. r. j : | S mil 11 
--- . II '^vVR[GHfs?REF'RESHMEl\rr 
EDITOKIAL CORRESPONDENCE. ’ \\ U M " 
New York, Sept. 28, 1850. \ \ 
Mr. Moore :—Although we write from V\ \ i i 
this great metropolis, we are not going to ^ 
bore you or your readers with any account 
of the sights and wonders of which letter ^ 
writers see so many—much less attempt 
any description of the city or its numerous i nr i I ' lr -i—— 
and constant improvements. These are 
things of every day occurrence, and wit- \ — — ■ - - ... 
nessed by all who visit the city. Our choice piiiiuiillllilllliliuiiilliuniiiuiiui.iilll'.lllllliimiuiininiillinii 
in the next few weeks will be to give the • - 
readers of the Rural New-Yorker occa- ^ A 
sional glimpses of matters and things more r — . _ . „ - 
particularly pertaining to agriculture in this p. r te COUNTY FAIR, then, ph( 
and the New England States. ,, „ - the coal fields 
, . , , ,, , , „ „ Mn, Moore:— The Annual Fair of the 'ast and frmtf 
In pt^mg down the Mohawk Valley, we (, 0 . Ag. Society, took place on Thurs- supplies of this 
observed that the farmers are many of j ble producK 
them engaged very busily m harvesting „ ^ J i 11 hience then, 
, ,v agreeable to previous notice. It was held tiiic acid does e 
their broom corn, a crop which we believe i + a , ims acia aoes e 
,, 11 u u , • , in a beautiful grove at Aurora Centre.— umetogiveit? 
generally pays very well, but which we rpi .. . „ u • r 
o J i J J ’ I hp nT.rAnrlQnpn woo T»nTv\/iY»/Micj r.hf^ hn«sinp«;s nt 
EMERY &CQmechanics hall 
H ALL 
MANUTACTiiRERS 
hall 
IbuisimesskW 
7E0FFICE\at\ 
City 
_SHYE P ^ PfG P ENG 
1 11 ri. M 111-' M ill III111 m 1 It 1 11 111 
E l^\S' 
H ^ 
TICKET § 
E OFFlCEij-jj 
^ iT 
\ i \ 
sg5f?ir£A 
m'Cwiiiin't.i.iLHifiT 
TROY 
/^OA D. 
CAR50M SC. ALB. 
ERIE COUNTY FAIR, 
i think this year is not as uniformly good as 
‘f heretofore. This, judging from appear- 
j snees, may be attributed to the extreme 
> wet of a portion of the summer, when the 
j, rains were so severe as to overflow mucli of 
the intervale land and caused the crop to 
agieeable to previous notice. It was held jj^ig acid does exist in coal, in sufficient vol- 
in a beautiful grove at Aurora Centre.— ume to give it agricultural v'alue, it becomes 
The attendance was more numerous than the business of the chemists of our country, 
If then, phosphoric acid does so exist, i u ru • t , 
the coal fields of our country will open a unquestionable, holds the following Let us, then reason together-let us con- 
vast and fruitful source, whence to draw in relation to the appreciation suit our common sense. What are the con- 
supplies of this essential element of Vegeta- ^'P®^ mfro^^en as an stituent elements of coal, and what its pro- 
ble products - ° element of manure. ducts after combustion? We find by the 
Hence then, as there is a prospect that . is perfectly evident that the main ag- foregoing tables of analysis, that it is rich in 
this acid does exist in coal, in sufficient vol- vaiue [of manure] depends on the cardon—that it is rich in miro^eji, the great 
ume to give it agricultural value, it becomes and the geme.” - principle of nutrition—the important ele- 
the business of the chemists of our country, mtro^en then tndung, is that or- ment of fertility—that hydrogen and oxy- 
to submit coal to the most careful and ex- element, to which must he attributed gen abound in it, so also do lime, magnesia. 
, 1111 - . - er superior to former exhibitions. The dis- 
De very backward, and m some instances ^ c e ^ j i i 11 
, , ; ^ , play of manufactures and household pro¬ 
to destroy it altogether. On the dryer por- , , ,. ,, 1 x • 
. , T J xi • / ^ , ducts was highly creditable to the genius 
hons of the land the crop m very fine, and county-wliile the 
y.eIdmgagood harvest. Every outbuild- Vegetable depaitmente would 
ingisnow pressed into service for drying compare favorably with previous exhibitions, 
the corn, and in many instances temporary t j j xl ■p • 
, J X J a- XI XTT ^ 1 . 1 Indeed the b air was, in every respect, one 
sheds erected for the purpose. We think <• xi, i, x j - i , 
, , i- J • , ot the best and most successful ever hdid 
that the system of drying by fire heat, now uxio-x /-ij-j -.i 
1 . I X -1 1 1 by the feociety. Good ludges estimate the 
so usual in Ohio, has not been introduced , r i • xx j v 
at any previous exhibition of the Societv to submit coal to the most careful and ex- wmen mus, oe aur ouiea gen ax^oana m n, so ai^o ao iirm, magnesia 
yp ous e uDuion oi me society x x x r i . • • Tf diirb fpstc? I'ts chief enriching quality. The nitrogen oxide of manganese, oxide and sidphuret of 
for many ye^s, and probably greater than result, as we feel certain they would ^ basis, both of the production of am- iron, ulmic acid, sulphate of lime, phosphate 
ever before. ^ establishing the fact of the presence of ^ formation of nitrates.— of lime, combinations of ammonia, and of 
The show of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, phosphoric acid then will coal prove as Hence the quantity of nitrogen in manures, and the various analyses of chemists 
Swine, &c., was extremely good—altogeth- suggested by Dr. Ewell, a most valuable will/orm a very good element in the esti- assure us, that the same bodies are found in 
er siiDfirinv t,n fnrmm-AYbibiHATie rUc. manure; for, accordino- to the analvsis of ^^bon _of their value. Manures wi 1 be the plants cultivated by man; then why, we 
manure; for, accordino- to the analysis of tneir value. Manures will be the plants cultivated by man; then why, we 
Dr. Thompson, the organic part of a variety in proportion to their quantity of would ask, should not coal act as a power- 
of coal analyzed by him, consisted of nitrogen, or their power of forming-nitrates, ful and efficient manure? We answer, 
^ ibis is the great and first cause of the en- there is no good reason to offer in support 
Hydrogen^. ^418 nching power of dung. Though the action of the opinion that it should not; as when- 
Nitrogen, .15.96 of all excremeiits has been refen-ed to their ever it ma}!- he applied to the earth in the 
O-vygen,. 4.58 inorganic parts only, common experience suggested form of a fine powder, and sub- 
100.00 tend to the explanation which has been given jected to the combined influences of heat, 
TLJe il ^be joint action of all their parts.” air, light, moisture, and the voltaic action of 
vorv ormnic foJd ueededV plantf And . of Yale College, whose the rwts of growing plants its powers of 
that the system of drying by lire heat, now , Z ' --“ , very organic food needed by plants. And x f n yunege, ..nose rue r^rso. gronu.g p,aurs u» powers or 
so nsnal in Ohio, has not Ln introduced when we look at the constituent elements w I'eb!! ‘ F x' '' 0 P™duct.on will be restored Po^essmg, 
here In conseouenoe of this metliod of "““'’or of people in attendance the first of the inorganic part of coal, as illustrated ‘T ’ * ‘ ^ Europe—and as it does, all the elemental food of plants, 
nere. in consequence oi tins metuod or non kw fUra ov.o 1 t,=:c ike k whose experience in this country and that, it is bound, under the operative agencies 
.Irvinir ftnri fTfo .anvliiiv xafFUra aayato, 000 . bv tlic analysis below, thcrc can bc no_ques- emh.P.ntiv mmiitv bim ^ „rk;r,k „rra koxrxa wowanr? .. 
drying and the earlier harvesting of the You will thus nerceive that the forinpi-s won out mat coal, wnenever a tair trial siiaJl o„ri ontbu rIq T'’r”i-’ 
crop, the Ohio corn is now in the New , 1 ^ made-of it-sAa//ic rcc^wcci^ a»d entitle his opinions to the highest con- 
VvU 1 ;ix. V, -c/a 1 • +• of Erie are alive to the importance of mak- , • , x? • ■ j 7.7 a n ’ sideration, holds-4he following views:—• 
York market, while ours IS only just in pro- . . , , . by grinding, to a fine inmalpeiole pdwder— 
cess of harvestino-. mg a practical demonstration of your ex- ^nd applied to the land in that state, will “Manures contaimag nitrogeTiin large 
° cellent motto—“Progress and Improve- prove to be one of the very best manures are so exceedingly valuable, be-\ 
e ca e on our way own le - u son Thanks to you who make such ever applied to the soil, as its’elements are required to form gluteii, | 
at Poughkeepsie and Peekskill, the former « ^Q^u^ients ” as the Rural New-Yorker which comprise the constituents of the bodies of that class, 10 the plant; this , 
of which has a population of some 10,000 , k ,1 ♦ i 1 generality of plants. particularly m the seed, and sometimes i 
1 - 1 XX -xi and Cultivator, we are bound to go-ahead, ^ , ,, , . , ^ , also in the fruit Plants can easilv obtain ' 
or over, and is a very pleasant town with j x, • xk r k ^xk • The following table showing what coal l lanis can cdsii) ooiain 
evident Siuns of imnrovement but not tbat “"d of when taken “ abundance of carbon, oxygen, and hy- 
evidcnt signs ol improiement, but not that counties. .' in connection with the above analvsis will drogen. from the air, the soil, and manures. 
rapidgrowth which wc witness in maiy On Thursday, before the election of offi- enable us to arrive at something like an ap- Noi so wmi nitrooen. Tim/cannot get 
places rhe present terminus of t'ne Hud- / ,„,gi ,ic „ext Fair prbximation to what really are the constft- ‘f/foM (/ic«r.-there is little of it inmost | 
TJk,/,,. l-Jc k.xv.-,/l .vk/.-ic + 1 Ut-lx. .w, ’ r * b xiv/Ao-X cx.i ^ , ,11-' , . .«ini s: and hene.e. manures whie.li ennfam 1 
& butZrrourw& ye nave named, to yield them np 
1 . . 1 •. .T T »» 7 T T entitle niS ODiniOns to the hl^?llGSt con- tlirono'h tlic TY\n,mnnlatorv nrncp.sRCR winch 
rapid growth which we witness in many 
places. The present terminus of the Hud¬ 
son River Railroad gives it a little more im¬ 
portance than heretofore, and leads stran¬ 
gers to stop there more than form erly.— 
was fixed at Lancaster, and th^g^llowing 
resolution adopted: 
^ . , xi 1 X 1 1 Resolved, That the town of Lancaster furnish 
The town is pleasantly located and we the ground and accommodation for the next Fair 
should judge one of the finest on the river- of expense, otherwise that the President has 
the privilege to remove it to some other town that 
Peekskill is a staid and sober Dutch vil- will do it. 
lage of some -3,000 inhabitants, with consid- The following are the officers for 1851: 
erable business, but without muclujvidence President, Appollus H^cHcocK,*Cheektowaga. 
. , ., IK Secretary, Henry L. Bingham, Lancaster, 
ot improvement in the way of buildings.— Treo^Mrer, Henry Atwood, do. 
There are several large iron establishments , ^ic^Presidents, John S. King, Amherst; A- 
, . , , . ° . lonzo Raynor, Clarence; W. R. Coppock, Buffa- 
which are doing a prosperous business.— lo; Chas. H. Baker, Golden; John Webster, 
Among the manufacturing establishments, Collins; Oliver Patch, 
, P,? ,-r / Wales; Orrin Mayo, Concord; Ira McCall, Au- 
Ihe Plow factory of Miner, Horton, & rora; Josiah Fullerton, Alden. 
made-of whenever it shall be reduced, entitle his opinions to the highest con- through the manipulatory processes which 
grinding, to a fine impalpable p6wder~ ®“' liolds^he following viewsare carried on m the earth; the which, tho’ 
d applied to the land in that state, will “Manures containing nitrogen in large performed beyond human ken, are, under 
3 ve to be one of the very best manures are so exceedingly valuable, be- 1 the wise and beneficient ordination of Prov- 
er applied to the soil, as its’elements are required to form gluten, j idence, intended for the benefit of man. 
)se which comprise the constituents of the bodies of that class, in the plant; this , — 
nerality of plants. particularly in the seed, and sometimes 1 THE STiaiNGTH OF A KIND WORD. 
The following table showing what coal ^^® ^ can easily obtain i x + i i 
kes and coal soot consists of, when taken abundance of carbon, oxygen, and by- - P op c very ap 0 use 
connection with the above analysis, will from the air, the sofl and manures, angrj^^words perhaps because they think 
able us to arrive at something like an ap- mTir nitrogen. ^ Theif cannot get 7 je more promp y. ley 
jximation to what really are the constit- the air:-ih^x^ islittleof it inmost j ® storm though after all 
dents of coal, or, at all events, to form a ^®^®,® 
tolerable correct idea as to its applicability d, produce such a marked effect. t^®‘^ ill-temper only is re- 
to the purposes of manuring: Rot that it is more neemary than the other Hn-R,-ctvmin-L i* d /ii t* -hi 
r ^ ° organic bodies, but more scarce; at least in Mov stiong is a kind word! It will do 
Coai'ashe°8^ Y'oaf ^ form available for plants.” what the harsh word, or even blow, cannot 
by Boussin- “^yBracon- The value then, of coal, in an agricultural 'do; it will subdue the stubborn will, relax 
rillaceous matter insoluble point of view—as a source of nitrogen— frown, and work wonders. 
a acids,—.62 must be admitted to be immense. With Even the dog, the cat, or the horse,— 
rie'^Y e the exception of guano, there are no other though they do not know what you say, 
gnesia, . 8 substances, available as manure, Avhich con- can tell when you speak a kind word to 
ide of Manpnese,. . 3 tain SO much nitrogen, the great fertilizing them. 
nicTcid,!^.-U.T.^.302.0 element, as coal This fact will be made Amanw^onedaydrivingacartaloiig 
eddish brown substance, con- manifest on glancing at the following table ■ the street. The horse was drawing-a heavy 
fmS”'200.0 Ff «> 1-55 Por ct. of nitro-en. “““ 
’ r, A Water from “ “ 1.54 “ “ Dim. I he man was m an ill-temper, and 
Co., so long celebrated for the Peekskill 
Flowsi^ now used extensively in various 
parts of this and the adjoining States, was 
to us the most interesting. We were po- j 
Yours for P. and I. 
COAL AS 
MANURE. 
to us the most interesting. We were po- In a former communication, after briefly Y v,; v‘. 
iitely shown through the eutire__establish- enumerating the elements necessary to the Acetate of Potash,. 
ment by Mr. Miner, one of the proprietors, fertility of soils, I alluded to the use of finely sffic^^ Ammonia,. 
and were gratified with the system and or- pulverized bituminous coal as probably con- Charcoal Powder,....’. 
der displayed in every part,'and the labor taining most if not all the elements neces- .'L— 
saving machinerv introduced. Somn fortv aorTT fTtr* fUn T^vz-tr^Av OvA/l TvloTlfc- 100 
Analysis of 
Coal ashes, 
by Boussin- 
giault. 
Argillaceous matter insoluble 
in acids,..62 
Alumina,. 5 
Lime,. 6 
Magnesia,. 8 
Oxide of Manganese,. 3 
Oxide and Sulphuret of Iron,.. 16 
Ulmic Acid,... 
A reddish brown substance, con¬ 
taining Nitrogen, and yielding 
Ammonia when heated,. 
Asboline,. 
Carbonate of Lime, with a trace 
of Magnesia,. 
Acetate of Lime,. 
Sulphate of Lime, ( plaster,)..., 
Acetate of Magnesia,. 
Phosphate of Lime, with a trace 
A nalysis of 
Coal soot, 
by Bracon- 
not. 
Oak leaves ‘- 
j,j 0 g Burnt sea weed “ 
gg’g Oil cake of linseed “ 
2 q‘() Refuse of cider apples “ 
5'3 Cow’s ordure “ 
‘ • Cow’s urine “ 
Excrements of horse “ 
3^0 Urine “ “ 
42*0 Excrements of the hog “ 
2 0 “ “ sheep “ 
9.5 “ “pigeons" 
38.5 muscular flesh “ 
125.0 ^Foan shavings “ 
_’ Bituminons coal “ 
A man was one day driving a cart aloiig 
the street. The horse was drawing- a heavy 
load, and did not turn as the man wibhod 
him. The man was in an ill-temper, and 
beat the horse; the liorse reared and plung¬ 
ed, but he either did not or would not go 
the right way. Another man, who was 
with the cart, went up to the horse and 
patted him on the neck, and called him 
kindly by his name. The horse turned his 
head and fixed his large eyes on the man, 
as though he would say, “ I will do any¬ 
thing for you, because you are kind to me,” 
and bending his broad chest against the 
i' J -—_ _ . ^- , ---xxiv/ou XX XIW exxx UAXC/ lACL-CJO' .... . lr?V» + .1+l +1 
saving machinery introduced. Some forty sary for the proper food of plants. Since _ It is difficult to conceive it possible, that lane,\and fooRed on Trlskly'^as tliou^^^^ 
hands are employed about the works, and then, I find that I am anticipated by the It will be perceived by the/rs^ iaWe, that any one capable of drawing just conclusions load-were a playthino- Oh how strono-is 
several thousand plows annually turned out. talented editor of the American Farmer, who contains 15.96 per cent, of from the data here arranged before them, a kind word! ^ 
The patterns are generally approved and has given in extenso a full analysis of the 'fl^e recollected thah to can doubt the efficacy of coal as a manure;-- 
the work very fair but the nronLtors havG ^ v u t ®^ *.^®. P™ciple of nutrition- that to and, therefore, we shall leave the matter to The Republican Weaver.— This is a 
^ ^ ^ claims of the article in question, which I r, wheat is indebted for its gluten —that to be consiflered and reflected upon by our bij-R of India and South Africa, which lives 
not introduced in all their work that ex- think is well worthy of perusal. The fol- it all the grain family arc indebted for their agricultural readers, whose interests are so in communities, sometimes to the number 
treme nicety of finish which has been adopt- lowing extract from his essay, entitled nutritive properties—that to nitrogen, all deeply involved in the conclusions they may of one thousand. Their villages or towns, 
ed in some of the eastern establishments. “ Sources of Phosphoric Acid and Sugges- P^^nts that bear seed are indebted for the arrive at, and shall conclude upon this head, for such they are, are constructed with a 
We may pcrlmps find time in the next tions on Coal as a Manure," will probably l monsmo o! ^OTkoOns by the remark that, if it be the nitroyriioi* beautiful regularity, there being many en- 
. c. .. ^ them — that it is which imparts to makers, so richly abounding m Guano, which trances to them pacb of which forms a 
month to write you from various parts of be perused with interest and profit by many roots, trees, and plants, whatever nutriment gives to it its greatest value as a fertilizer, street, .having rows of nests on each side. 
New England, should anything fall under readers of the Rural New-Yorker. they may contain—and that, in animal econ- bituminous coal, in that regard, is second at about two inches distance from one 
our notice worthy of laying before your Yours truly, a. omy, it is nitrogen, out of which flesh or only to Guano, while the facilities of supply another The ncf^ts are enn^tmeted’ with 
readers. Yours truly, c. - ^nZcle is constructed. of the former greatly exceed those of the g^elt skill. Year by year ^ S adT'to 
.--—- -- - In suggesting coal as a manure, we have In speaking upon the subject of manures, latter. the size of their town,., until the trees at 
Lx Early Fattening Hogs the cheap ^ diffidence in speaking in a positive Prof. Gray, who we look upon as among So far as the virtues of coal as a manure length break down under their weight, and 
PKf anri m-UAvi.ic L ^®“®' ^ sourcc of supply for the most reliable agricultural authorities, may be concerned, but for our respect for . then a new site for a settlement is sought, 
xfei ana most aounaant materials should be phosphoric acid, though we entertain no says:— the opinions of others, we could have spoken __ 
used up,—such as apples, pumpkins, small doubts upon the subject, as we are aware “ In fact, the value of manures has been in a less equivocal tone, as we used the re- Gathering Seeds. — The largest seed ves- 
potatoes, (fee. This will get the swine into that that acid maybe volatilized at a tern- estimated by its power of yielding nitrogen.” fuse coke of the gas house in th6 year sels should be selected, and the seeds gath- 
a thriving order, and you can finish him off perature of 560 °, and, therefore, might, Dr. Dana, whose researches into the prop- 1836, on a stiff, red clay soil, with decided ered as soon as possible after they are ripe, 
with good old corn, or corn meal cooked propriety, have assumed the fact, that erties of manures, are perhaps, greater than advantage, both in the improvement of the and always on a fair day. 
into a wash and thu <5 m t th Id tb * • P^®®P^^fo formd in the soot, had those ofany other American, and whose scien- texture of the soil—and that improvement -- 
., ’ " P e ar on nen been driven off by the combustion to which tific attainments as an analytic chemist, is as is yet visible—and in the increase of the Plow deep while sluggards sleep, and 
Jibs to youi liking. tbe coal had been subjected. superior to those of most others, as his abil- crops subsequently grown thereon. you shall have corn to sell or keep. 
month to write you from various parts of be perused with interest and profit by many 
New England, should anything fall under readers of the Rural New-Yorker. 
our notice worthy of laying before your Yours truly, a. 
readers. Yours truly, c. . - 
--—_ In suggesting coal as a manure, we have 
J_- • 1 • 
