VOLUME I. i- EOCHESTEE, J 
MOORE’S RUllAL NEW-YORKER, O. Lathrop, of Darien, attracted much at- 
puBLisHED WEEKLY. tcntion. Mcssrs. Geo. Radley, Benj. Carter, 
Office in Bums’ Block, comer of Buffixlo and State j nortvrf/:, C2Lnr^^oT^r^ 
- streets, (entrance on State,) Rochester. George bhapland contributed largely 
EOCHESTEE, N. Y.-THU ESDAY, OCTOBEE 17, 1850. 
to the exhibition. 
CONDTJCTED BY D. D, T. MOORE, 
(Late Publisher and Associate Editor Gen. Farmer.) 
L. B. LANGWORTHY, Associate Editor. 
Corresponding Editors: 
ELON COMSTOCK akd H. C. WHITE. 
Educational Department by L. WETHERELL. 
O’ For Terms, &;c., see last page. XD 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEaiENT. 
GENESEE COUNTY FAIR. 
Of Poultry there was a respectable show. 
S. Heston, Esq., the worthy President of 
the Society, exhibited two cages of pure 
Dorkings, which were very superior. Also 
a cage of Peacocks, which were the cyn¬ 
osures of all eyes who observed matters in 
the Poultry line. 
The display of Agricultural Implements 
and Machinery was superior to preceding 
exhibitions in the county. Rapalje & Briggs 
_ of Rochester, presented Wheeler’s Railroad 
The annual Cattle Show and Fair of the Horse Power and Thrashing Machine, Hus- 
Genesee Co. Ag. Society was held in Bata- sey’s Reaper, a number of Plows of various 
via, on th^ 3d and 4th of this month. We patterns. Straw and Root Cutters, <fec., &c. 
attended on the second day, but found we Their exhibition was highly creditable— 
were really “a day after the Fair,” inas- although the bands of their Horse 
much as the exhibition in all departments Power and Thrasher were lost on the way, 
took place on the 3d, and during that after- vrhich prevented them from operating those 
noon and evening all the animals and most niachines, we can assure our Genesee friends 
of the articles shown were removed. How- that they performed excellent work at our 
ever, we were in time to hear the reports 
of committees, which, together with verbal The exhibition in the Tent—including 
information received from officers of the Fruits, Vegetables, Domestic and Fancy 
Society and statements given in Batavia Articles, and various non-enumerated ar- 
papers, enable us to present a tolerably hcles—was extensive and fine, and attract- 
correct abstract of the proceedings. ed considerable attention. This department 
The weather during the holding of the embraced many things worthy of special 
Fair was exceedingly fine, which, of course, *^etice, and we regret that for want of in- 
was favorable to a large turn-out, and con- formation, not being present to observe for 
tributed to the pleasure of all present. The ourselves, we are unable tho particularize, 
exhibition on the first day was probably the On the whole we are of the opinion, from 
most extensive ever held in the county, ^hat we heard and observed, that the far- 
while the number of people in attendance mers of Genesee are on the right track— 
was unusually large. So far as we could that the members of the Society, particu- 
learn, the occasion was one of great inter- larly, are doing good service in the cause of 
est, aflfording to exhibitors and visitors much improvement. There was, however, one 
satisfaction. feature in the arrangements of the Fair 
The show of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, which detracted from the pleasure of those 
Farming Implements, Products of the Dai- most interested, and rendered the labors of 
ry. Domestic and Fancy Articles, and Fruits the officers and judges exceedingly arduous, 
and Vegetables, was extensive, and in many This was the attempt to get through with 
respects superior—proving that the Farm- the entire exhibition, and examination by 
ers of Genesee are not behind those of oth- committees, on the first day—a matter too 
er and older counties. We will mention a difficult and laborious in a county which 
few prominent features in each department, presents so large and complete a show. — 
Of Homed Cattle there was an excellent consequence was^ that the people had 
display, in both numbers and quality. Gen- opportunity to witness the various ani- 
esce county is justly celebrated for her fine mals and articles shown, while the commit- 
stock—being by few, and per- ioMndit extremely difficult to get to- 
haps ’surpuos.d by only one (Livingston,) gether and make their examinations before 
county in the State. While the exhibition articles upon which they were to judge 
throughout was very creditable, the show w®re removed from the grounds. Indeed, 
of Devons and grade animals is mentioned efficiency of the President and 
as superior. Prominent among the exhib- other officers, there would perhaps have 
itors, in the various classes, we noticed the ^oon no .reports in several departments 
names of W. Frink, E. C. Dibble, James and, in any case, with so little time, full 
and J. B. Todd, F. W. Averill, H. Dixon, justice could scarcely be done to all com- 
B. Benedict, C. G. and Geo. Dewey, L. D. petitors. We are happy to add, in this con- 
Hickok, Geo. Radley, Chas. Sprague, Z. nection, that, after the reading of reports on 
Cone, Jas. Rosecrance, H. Lathrop, D. Nor- the second day, the propriety and necessity 
ton, D. W. Dijguid. H. H. Olmsted, Asa oi hereafter dividing the exhibition — by 
Walker, and others. The premium for the showing and examining stock, implements, 
best entire stock of cattle, was awarded to on the first day, and fruits, vegetables 
L. D. Hickok, of Alexander-second, to and domestic and other articles on the sec- 
Geo. Radley, of Stafford. ond—was discussed and recommended to 
The show of Horses was fair, though the the consideration of the executive committee, 
premium list only embraced Geldings 6 We cannot close our brief and imperfect 
years old and over, and Mares and Colts— notes, without expressing the pleasure ex- 
the exhibition of Stallions, <fec., having been perienced in meeting a large number of the 
held in June last, at the time of the Plow- farmers of Genesee, albeit we were not in 
ing Match. Fine geldings were shown by time to witness the products of their skill 
Messrs. E. Cash, R. Ball, Wickar, H. D. and industry. For the courtesy extended 
Hammond, K. Ferren, J. Olcott, and E. F. us by the President and other gentlemen. 
Palmer—and mares and colts by D. Norton, and the kind invitation to visit their home- 
A. Drake, S, Minor, J. F. Plato, A. Harris, steads, our tRanks are especially due and 
E. Champlin, and other exhibitors. 
Of Sheep the display was good in qml~ 
tendered. As their invites will not spoil in 
“holding over,” we may avail ourselves. 
ity, if not in numbers and variety. The another season, of the pleasme to be enjoy- 
1st, 2d and 3d premiums for best Me- ed by an acceptance of their hospitality. 
rino bucks were awarded to Norman Town, 
of Batavia. For best Ewes, same breed. 
Iron Carpeting.— Iron flooring, instead 
the premium was given to F. A. Thompson, of marble floors or oil cloth, is manufactur- 
A French Rambouillet buck, exhibited by ed in this city, and used in some hotels. 
THE SEASON OF 1860. 
Five months, reckoning from the first of 
May to the first of October, constitute the 
season for making and maturing the vege¬ 
table productions of the farmer. The gar¬ 
dener begins to plant before the first of 
May in ordinary seasons, and does not re¬ 
gard all his productions fit to harvest until 
some time after the first of October. The 
Spring of the present year, it will be re¬ 
membered, was very cold and backward.— 
Vegetation had made but little progress on 
the first. of June. The weather changed 
from cold to warm on the third of June, and 
continued warm, with the exception of a few' 
days in August, until the first of October. 
About the 20th of August there was some 
very cool weather. Frost was seen on the 
low lands in some parts of Massachusetts 
on the 16th, lYth and 18th, and about the 
same time in some parts of this State. 
The average mean temperature of the 
summer months, from three daily observa¬ 
tions, is 69 73 degrees. The highest sum¬ 
mer average since 1835, is 69 89 degrees. 
This was the summer of 1848; only 16- 
100 . of a degree higher than the sum¬ 
mer just ended. Including September with 
the summer months, the average is 67 43 
degrees. The highest average of the cor¬ 
responding four months since 1835, 67 47 
degrees. This was in 1846: only 4-100 
higher than the present year. Including 
May and September with the summer 
months, the average is 63 76 degrees.— 
The highest average of the corresponding 
five months since 1835: 66 02 degrees.— 
This occurred in 1846. This difference is 
owing to the low temperature of last May. 
The average mean temperature of the last 
seventeen summers is 67 13 degrees; in¬ 
cluding September, 65 32 degrees; and 
including May and September, making- 
five months, 63 46 degrees. This shows 
that the mean of each period, as given, is 
above the general average of the last sev¬ 
enteen seasons. 
In consequence of the cold spring, the 
editor of the Rochester American, on the 
22nd of May, made the following an¬ 
nouncement:—“ Full one-fifth of the season 
for making a crop of corn—the great staple 
of the United States—has passed, and the 
seed is not planted, or [is] rotting in the 
ground.” We tried to show the readers of 
the New-Yorker, which was pubished on 
the 30th of May, that even then, although 
more than a week subsequent to the pass¬ 
age of “ full one-fifth of the season for ma- 
kmg a crop of corn,” no one need yet 
despair of a good crop. All that we 
then said has since been fully verified.— 
The corn harvest, it is now said, has rarely 
been more bountiful. Wheat was never 
better; and the same is true of some other 
crops, though not of all. 
The vegetable season of 1850 will, doubt¬ 
less, be remembered, and referred to, as 
one of the most productive seasons within 
the recollection of man. _ There was prob¬ 
ably more vegetable matter formed in this 
country within the period of six weeks from 
the 3d of June, than within any other six 
weeks since America was settled. 
The season has been neither very wet 
nor very dry—just about right to promote 
the most favorable growth of vegetation.— 
Much wheat it is said wq^ injured by ger¬ 
mination after it was cut and shocked.— 
This loss would not have been suffered if 
the wheat had been gathered into barns as 
soon as it was dry,, as it always should be. 
This experience, the fruit of neglect, or the 
putting off until to-morrow what should be 
done tp-day, will not, it is hoped, be soon 
forgotten. 
The season was remarkably healthy un¬ 
til the cool weather in August After this 
dysentery, and bilious and intermittant fe¬ 
vers, were very prevalent for three or four 
weeks. These diseases caused an unusual 
number of deaths during the time already 
named. 
Most of the summer birds have depart¬ 
ed for more southern climes, and the deep, 
dark green of the forest leaves is rapidly 
changing to the varied hues which remind 
us that the year is rapidly approaching its 
end.. Thus in looking over the past we are 
reminded of the goodness and the mercy of 
Him who hath caused seed-time and har¬ 
vest, which, combined with man’s labor, 
care and toil, have most bountifully replen- 
ibdied the granaries and store-houses of our 
land. May our hearts overflow ivith grati¬ 
tude toward the Giver of these and all our 
blessings. w. 
SETTING KETTLES FOE BOILING FEED. 
The importance of cooking food for fat¬ 
tening animals having been conclusively set¬ 
tled, and now universally admitted, the 
cheapest and most economical manner of 
performing this process, as relates to the 
consumption of fuel, is worth the inquiry. 
Some over particular persons in construct¬ 
ing a furnace for this purpose, build a spi¬ 
ral flue around the cauldron, on the suppo¬ 
sition that the longer they can keep the 
heat in contact with the kettle the more 
economical. This form of construction is 
bad: it destroys the draft and renders the 
fire black and sluggish, and to form the spi¬ 
ral draft requires so much masoriiy to touch 
the kettle, that not more than one half the 
surface is in contact with the. heah and 
therefore is lost as a conducting agent 
It is not advisable to set a cauldron ca¬ 
pable of containing less than 60 gallons, 
and if 90 gallons, or three barrels, the 
better. 
In laying out the plan for the brick work, 
take the diameter of the kettle at the lar¬ 
gest point; add to this 12 inches for a six 
inch space on each side, and to this twice 
the thickfcess of both walls—and, in the 
direction that the flue or arch is intended 
for receiving the wood, add two feet, so that 
the structure shall be two feet longer than 
its width. 
Kettles now-a-days have a projecting 
flange at the top, and two horns to rest 
them upon the brick work. By means of 
chains or ropes, suspend the kettle over the 
exact point where it is intended to be fixed 
—its bottom at the right distance from the 
bottom of the fire pit, to allow a proper 
quantity of wood to pass under—then car¬ 
ry up the walls to the height of the mouth 
of the arch, which is to be in one end of 
the longest direction of the furnace. At 
this point place some iron bars over the 
arch and one across, near to that side of the 
kettle, and lay over the arch, and up to 
the kettle and half way round it, two cour¬ 
ses of bricks, touching the kettle at a point 
where the sides commence rising — by 
which arrangement the fire is made to im¬ 
pinge against the entire bottom, and pass¬ 
ing past the centre returns around the sides 
and passes up the chimney over the mouth 
of the arch. The structure is then com¬ 
pleted by bringing the walls to the height of 
the kettle—gathering in towards the top, so 
that the entire flange rests upon the brick ' 
work. 
By this construction it will be seen that 
the fire strikes against the bottom, and pass¬ 
es up the end and back around the whole 
body of the boiler, not injuring the draft,, 
and brings the blaze in contact with the en¬ 
tire surface, except where the two thick¬ 
nesses of bricks touch it over the arch. 
A seven or eight inch stove pipe, of 
which a cheap, second hand article can al- 
-I NUMBER 41 
waps be procured, answers all the purposes 
required for a chimney and costs less. 
A smaller kettle, fitted with steam pipe 
and a steam chest, is probably altogether 
the most desirable method of cooking food 
for animals, but its preparation in a proper 
and substantial manner, involves in expense 
of fixtures an outlay that but few farmers 
are willing to encounter, for merely fatten¬ 
ing the animals for household use. 
A HINT ABOUT WOODLANDS 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In the reg¬ 
ular routine of farming operations the tiller 
of the soil is far too often prone to exhibit 
a gross waste in the treatment of woodland. 
Now this, as well as other matters, demand 
a reformation, and, as I have'not noticed 
any article in the Rural on the subject, I 
venture to make a few remark.® relative to 
the treatment of woodlands. 
In the first place, wh^ you wish to cut 
off a portion of your wood lot, select that 
part of it where the trees have arrived 
nearest maturity, or have begun to decay; 
cut off as large a space as you desire, clean 
a^you go. Before the young shoots sprout, 
there should be a fence erected around the 
cleared land, in order to protect them from 
being destroyed by the cattle. Cattle are 
very fond of the young foliage, and in in¬ 
stances where farmers have been so negli¬ 
gent as not to protect them, I have seen 
many beautiful wood lots, when the young 
shoots were coming on finely, entirely de¬ 
stroyed. Hence the cattle should be kept 
from ranging among them until they have 
attained a sufficierit size and height to be out 
of their reach. Some stick a temporary, 
fence around the most valuable kinds of 
timber, such as chestnut, &c.; but this is 
an error—because, in the first place, aU the 
sprouts from the smaller stumps and inferi¬ 
or kinds of timber, which are left exposed, 
are destroyed and consequently there are 
none to fill up the land but the protected 
ones, and the woods are very sparse in point 
of timber. Secondly, it is ten chances to 
one if the fences—which are sometimes 
very poor, being merely a forked stake 
drove in the ground and a pole laid on it— 
are not thrown down and the sprouts of a 
year or two in growth destroyed. It is sin¬ 
gular to me that our farmers are so neg¬ 
ligent in regard to this, considering that 
timber is becoming scarcer and scarcer in 
our community, and consequently higher 
in price. Timber requires a long period 
before it comes to maturity, and hence it 
should be nurtured; but instead of this 
course being taken, it is left unprotected as 
though it grew up in a single night. Just 
give it a thought, and endeavor to rectify 
this injudicious course, you who have been 
so destitute of forethought as to the treat¬ 
ment of your woodlands. 
Another injudicious course which de¬ 
mands attention, is this: many, when the 
woods happen to be handy, if they want a 
small piece of timber, cut into any of the 
young timber, fbstead of taking some al¬ 
ready on hand, or selecting out that which 
ought to be cut. I have found it a very 
good plan, when I desired to cut some fuel, 
to go through the woods and cut down all 
the old decayed trees and bushes I could 
find; this gives the better portion a more 
favorable chance to grow. I have seen it 
recommended, and regard it as a good plan, 
to fill open spaces which sometimes occur 
in timber land, by transplanting. 
Now, by giving the subject a little reflec¬ 
tion, and a little practical attention, I tlunk 
our woodlands might be much improved in 
l^ue, beside affording the farmer ample 
remuneration for his trouble. 
Philad’a. Co., Pa., Sept., 1850. 
Leonade. 
