MOOM’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CORN, PORK AND PROFITS. 
Eds. Rural :—Presuming that practical 
things suit your readers best, I send you 
the weight of two hogs, with the statement 
of feedingr profit, &c. As we raise consid¬ 
erable corn, I tried the experiment to satis¬ 
fy myself of its comparative worth when 
fed on the farm, and when marketed. 
Weight of shoats, Jan. 1: No. 1, 103— 
No. 2, lbs—worth at 4 cts per lb. $7,60. 
Fed one bushel of corn meal per week, 
up to Nov. 8th, or 45 bushels of corn at 56c. 
with 6 cts. per bushel for grinding—costing 
in all $35,05. 
Na 1 weighed 434 lbs,—No. 2, 356> 
which at 5 cts. per lb., the market price, 
amounts to $39,50. 
Balance in favor of hogs, $4,45. 
The meal for the first three months was 
scalded by turning on hot water—it was 
wet with whey from the 1st of May up to 
the time they were killed. The manure is 
worth enough to pay for the whey and all 
the trouble. Trouble did I say, the pleas¬ 
ure of feeding, and exhibiting such hogs 
when a neighbor calls, pays one all this, 
and half the cost of feed. And, let me say 
to all young farmers, and old farmer’s sons, 
try experiments with evejy crop—with your 
cattle, horses, and swine,—and I will ven¬ 
ture to say that if you do, no longer “ will 
labor prove a task, or duty seem a load.” 
If the above should find a place in the' 
Rural I will send a few more experiments. 
B. B. JOSLIN. 
(^e’ona, Oneida Co. Nov., 27, 1850. 
WAGONS AND CARTS FOR FARMS. 
A FARMER in England, named Edward 
B. Liddington, has produced a prize essay 
on the comparative merits of wagons and 
carts, which deserves attention; for, if he is 
right, our farmers in general are wrong.— 
After five years experience with wagons, 
and nearly the same with one-horse carts, 
on a farm of one hundred and seventy acres 
of arable land, and eighty acres of pasture, 
he came to the conclusion that the carts 
were of the greater advantage. As our far¬ 
mers mostly use wagons, let them pay some 
attention to his statement. He says — I 
have no light plowing land, nor have I more 
than 20 or 30 acres of very heavy land. I 
will, therefore, relate my actual experience. 
In the employment of wagons and the old 
broad-wheeled dung-carts, I require one 
wagon, one cart, and three horses, to every 
50 acres of arable land. I also kept a light 
cart for general purposes. Now that I am 
employing carts, I find that I get through 
my work much more easily with two horses 
and two carts to 50 acres. 
In the calculation of items, his saving 
was near $4 in the cultivation of one acre, 
a year. Again, he says—It is admitted 
that one horse attached to a given weight, 
will move it more easily than two horses 
attached to double that weight. This arises 
not only from the advantage gained by hav¬ 
ing ;dl the power of draught clos(?to the 
work, but also, all applied at the same mo¬ 
ment, which is almost impossibleVhere two 
or more horses, having dificrent wills and 
steps, are attached to the weight;^ and for 
the same reason, one horse will travel more 
quickly. 
When a cart is filled, there is no delay in 
attaching the trace-horses, during which 
operation the one horse would be two hun¬ 
dred yards on the road. I know this might 
be done more quickly by having men ready 
to change the horses, as in the practice ol 
oppositioir coaches; but I am speaking of 
the matter-of-fact working of the system.— 
Then, again, when the load is deposited, the 
one horse turns in much less time than the 
two or three. These facts are too self-evi¬ 
dent to admit contradiction; indeed, I be¬ 
lieve the economy of carting manure in one 
horse carts is generally allowed: but this 
employment of them in harvesting is much 
objected to. In this respect, however, I 
find them equally expeditious and economi¬ 
cal. My actual experience is, that three 
carts, with the harvest frames attached, will 
convey as much hay or corn in the straw as 
two wagons, and that they are bound with 
ropes in the same time; therefore, no time 
is lost in binding. They are easier to pitch 
into than wagons, and not more difficult to 
unload; and all the advantages are gained 
of speed in traveling. 
My attention, says he, was first drawn 
seriously to the subject from hiring a man 
to draw some stones for draining. He came 
with a horse only fourteen hands high, and 
a small cart, when the work he accomplished 
so surprised me, that I at once decided to 
try two light carts, which, after succeeding 
well in all other operations, I employed in 
the harvest field; and being fully satisfied 
with them in this capacity, I soon discarded 
every wagon from the farm.— Dr. Blake. 
When we speak of a good farmer’s gar¬ 
den, we do not mean one in which labor is 
expended for show, but for profit; to pro¬ 
duce articles for use and sustenance. 
B 
We de. ote a portion of our sheet to bio¬ 
graphical sketches of great men,—why not 
another, then, to those of great cattle?— 
Some of the latter are as remaikable in 
their way, as any heroes of the world’s ex¬ 
altation. And the above, from the Ag. 
Trans, of N. Y. State Society of 1848, 
which pronounces them the most perfect 
fat cattle ever exhibited—are worthy of a 
brief, reminiscent notice. 
The Genesee Valley, and Livingston Co. 
especially, is noted for its stock. In a late 
visit, we w'ere much impressed by the beau¬ 
ty of the country and the cattle,—and by 
what has there been, and may be done in 
their improvement 
The steers above represented were six 
years old, three-fourths Short-Horn, and 
owned and fattened by Hon. A. Avrault, 
of Geneseo, Livingston Co., N. Y. Their 
live weight, at the time of slaughtering was 
5,522 pounds—dressed weight 4,376 pounds. 
Their cost and the expense of fattening was 
estimated at $467. They were sold to the 
drover at $650. Over one hundred New 
York Butchers gave a certificate that they 
were the best fat cattle ever known in that 
market—and that they received the best 
price ever given. A particular account of 
them will be found in the Trans, for 1848. 
TO FARMERS, 
The following remarks, by the Hon. 
Samuel Ciieever, in an address before 
the Agricultural Society of Saratoga Co., 
N. York, are of special importance to the 
people in the interior generally. Reading 
and study have been too long neglected by 
our farmers, and now, since the bulk of 
work is done, and winter with its long eve¬ 
nings at hand, we trust newspapers and 
books will receive due attention :— 
Unfortunately, the opinion has too long- 
prevailed with us, that learning, that intel¬ 
lectual cultivation, are unnecessary for the 
farmer ; that to plow, to fence, and to 
feed, as our fathers did, is enough. If we 
see a farmer among us, and we do see 
many, who is ambitious to educate his son, 
to place him higher in community, he edu¬ 
cates him to turn his back upon the farm, 
instead of turning his hands and his culti¬ 
vated mind to it. But we have lived to 
see this deep-seated error, that education, 
that intellect are unnecessary to the farm¬ 
er, giving way to a more enlightened and 
correct public sentiment; and well may we 
be assured, that as education and intelli¬ 
gence go out upon our farms, will the far¬ 
mer rise in his station. Intelligence—the 
cultivated mind, with pure morality, gives 
rank, whenever and wherever found. 
But rank alone is not all the farmer is to 
gain by intellectual cultivation. 
The labors of state and coUnty societies, 
aided by the exertions of many munificent 
and enlightened men among us, and the 
labors of scientific men, as well in this 
country as throughout Europe, have dem¬ 
onstrated the importance and even the ne¬ 
cessity of mind, of education, of science, to 
the successful cultivation and management 
of our farms. 
Still, with hundreds of favorable experi¬ 
ments and results before us, in support of 
this position, there are too many of our 
own class, who are daily telling us, that 
our agricultural books and our agricultural 
papers are not worth reading, and that ag-^ 
ricultural science is a “ humbug.” To such 
I can only say, if you do not look about 
you, and do not read, you are in great dan¬ 
ger of being left behind. 
True it is, books alone, without practical 
observation, would be slow to make a good 
farmer. 
Tlie professor of mathematics, directly 
from the schools, with all his books, would 
doubtlass nmke a sorry figure in navigating 
the ship in a storm, and might receive use- 
I ful lessons from the less educated ship-mate. 
I But when the science of the mathematician 
is added to the practice of the sailor, the 
accomplished navigator is produced. 
The practical farmer—boastingly calling 
himself so—may, if he has fallen upon a 
fertile spot, succeed for years, and get tole¬ 
rable crops, by following in the old track, 
without the lights of science ; and proba¬ 
bly for the reason that he has accidentally 
hit upon the very course that science w'ould 
indicate. But in a large portion of the 
long cultivated parts of our country, the 
fertility of the soil has been exhausted by 
those hereditary systems, if systems they 
may be called ; and nothing but science 
and intelligence will produce restoration. 
If the man without.reading and without 
books, on finding his crops failing under a 
long and exhausted course, can be induced 
at all to seek improvement through experi¬ 
ment, he is as likely to make the wrong appli¬ 
cation as the right. He has seen his neigh¬ 
bor restore a field by the application of 
lime, and concludes his fields have the same 
disease, and must be cured by the same 
remedy. He lays out his money to make 
the experiment, and fails. Another neigh¬ 
bor has succeeded with plaster, and his 
money is again spent upon that, without 
success, {ind so he goes on exhausting the 
catalogue of manures, and exhausting his 
purse, until he gives up in despair, sells out 
to a reading farmer, and goes to Wisconsin 
or Texas, where he can begin again, his 
exliauoting process, upon a new and fertile 
spot His reading successor examines his 
worn out soil, or has it done for a few shil¬ 
lings, and finds it entirely exhausted and 
destitute of the essential element of pot¬ 
ash. He applies, a few bushels of ashes 
instead of lime, in which latter the soil al¬ 
ready abounds, and his crops are soon 
doubled. 
Instances similar to this are occurring 
daily around us. 
I place myself with the rest, when I say 
that no chxss of men in this county know 
so little of the business they follow as do 
our farmers. 
The lawyer spends one-third of a life at 
his books, to fit himself to enter his profes¬ 
sion, and then studies by day and night to 
understand his business and do his duty. 
The divine is found spending all the days 
of an entire life at his books, to maintain 
his standing and his discharge his duties. 
The physician also enters his profession 
only through a.long course of severe study, 
and then all his life, yffiile a ^‘practical 
physician,” spends every spare moment at 
his books, to see what the skill and experi¬ 
ence of others are doing.' 
The commercial man and the manufactu¬ 
rer spend their time at their business, and 
their talents in studying the course of trade 
and the state of the markets. 
The artizan, of every craft, after years of 
apprenticeship, spends his days at his work 
and his nights at his books, to learn and 
profit himself in the mysteries of his art, 
and to understand the price current of his 
wares. 
But the farmer is thought by some, to 
be horn with all the knowledge necessary 
for his calling, and that learning and sci¬ 
ence are matters for other folks to trouble 
themselves about; when in fact how little 
do we know even of good practical farm¬ 
ing, to say nothing of scientific. 
What do most of us know of the com¬ 
ponent parts of the soil we cultivate, in 
what they are deficient, and the cheapest 
and best means to supply such deficiencies ? 
and what do we know of the elements in 
the manures we are constantly using ?— 
Still we go on blindfold, applying and mix¬ 
ing the one with the other, sometimes with 
no effect at all. 
What should we think of the man who 
should enter the laboratory of the chemist, 
and proceed to throw together his alkalies, 
his acids, and his metals, without any know¬ 
ledge of their properties or of their affin¬ 
ities, and then tell us he expected certain 
results? We should expect to see him 
burn his fingers, at leash if he did not get 
blown up; and yet the'%dmixture of soil, 
the application of manures, and the culti¬ 
vation of our crops, is a constant but en¬ 
larged chemical process. 
Again, what, as a class, do we know of 
correct systems of breeding and improving 
farm stock ? of the anatomy and physiolo¬ 
gy of animals? of their diseases and their 
proper treatment? Enlightened,^raciica^ 
agriculture, aided by the light of science, 
is daily solving and settling many of these 
questions which, in our confidence that we 
know all, have never once occurred to 
many of us. 
But thanks to the spirit of the times, the 
dark days of agriculture are passing away, 
and light is breaking upon it so clear, “that 
he that runs may read,” and he that does 
not read will be run away fxpm. 
HOGS’ BRISTLES. 
It has been long known that the hams 
and pickled pork of Ohio, are among .the 
best in the world, but it has been recently 
discovered that the hogs’ bristles of Ohio 
are the best in the world, having been late¬ 
ly submitted to critical and scientific exam¬ 
ination for that purpose, by Peter A. Browne 
a well known public character, in Philadel¬ 
phia. Speaking of bristles, he says: 
“ They form a much more important item 
in the rearing of hogs than one would at 
first suppose. The quantity of bristles now 
used in this country is immense; recollect that 
they are not only indispensable to our daily 
wants, in house-keeping and the toilet, but 
that there is scarcely a manufacturer or a 
tradesman Avho can do without them. We 
at present import them from France, Ger¬ 
many, Flanders, and Russia, instead of sup¬ 
plying them to all the civilized world, as we 
ought to do, and as we might do. I have 
been for more than a year engaged in ex¬ 
amining the hair, fur, and wool of the Mam¬ 
malia, under the microscope, and while on 
the subject of bristles, I was a little surpris¬ 
ed to find that all my specimens, from all 
the places above mentioned, were inferior in 
strength to those from Ohio. Even the 
bristles of the Avild boar of Russia were infe¬ 
rior to the Ohio ones in tenacity. The 
French bristle is the longest, measuring 11 
inches and 7-10, but it has a diameter of 
only 1-90 of an inch; whereas, the Ohio 
bristle, with a length of 6 inches and 4-10, 
has a diameter 1-33 of an inch, and strength 
in proportion. 
“I take the more interest in making 
these facts knoAvn, as I feel satisfied that the 
condition of the bristle may be improved by 
a treatment of the live hog that would not 
injure, but rather improve the meat The 
Flanders bristle is short and fine, being only 
4^ to 5 inches in length, and having a di¬ 
ameter of only about 1-100 of an inch: but 
it is much esteemed for manufacturing Pain¬ 
ters' brushes, and an immense quantity are 
therefore imported. These might be pro¬ 
duced in this country, Avith a very little 
pains, and with great profit”— Cist’s Adv. 
Barn Cellars. —Twenty years ago, barn 
cellars were mostly unknown. They are 
now, however, quite common, and are an¬ 
nually becoming more so. True economy 
requires that those substances intended to 
be used as pabulum for valuable crops, 
should be protected, as much as possible, 
from the deteriorating effects of the atmos¬ 
phere, which inevitably deprives them— 
especially fresh animal excrement—of much 
of their most valuable portions, when con¬ 
templated as a food for groAving crops.— 
Barn cellars cost but a comparative trifle, 
and there are but few farmers who could 
not provide themselves Avith a good and ef¬ 
ficient cellar for a sum less than the actual 
annual loss they are subjected to by the 
open exposui»e of the manure.— Ger. Tel. 
Old Tan Bark.—I f wood ashes can be 
cheaply obtained, the best way to convert 
tan into manure, is to mix it, in layers— 
say, a bushel of ashes, unleached, to ten of 
tan—the heap to be made up in spring, 
Avorked over in midsummer and used the 
next season. — Cultivator. 
(li)rtl;arii mri dlatbtn. 
CULTURE OF THE CHERRY—FACTS AND 
OPINIONS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I mention¬ 
ed in my article of Nov. 6, that I was be¬ 
ginning to cultivate fruit. I will state some 
facts about the cultivation of the cherry, 
that have occurred in my short experience, 
which may be beneficial to the new beginner. 
My cherry trees, (from accident,) Avere 
set in an exposed situation; that is Avhere 
they have had a free current of air from 
the north-west and north. They have grown 
finely—(soil, gravelly loam—which .would 
produce good corn,)—have borne freely, 
although but three years from the nursery. 
Now for the fact alluded to, which is this 
—they have been entirely free from the 
small black louse, that is so destructive to 
the cherry tree, in some situations. I have 
other trees, groAving in a sheltered position, 
which are A'erymuch injured by that insect. 
I can account for the difference in no other 
way but from the difference of exposure. 
An observing farmer called on me a few 
‘days since, saying he had noticed the 
healthy appearance of my trees, during the 
past season, (standing in the exposed situa¬ 
tion,) Avhile his were literally eaten up by 
the cherry louse. His trees, he said, were 
sheltered entirely from the north and west 
winds, and exposed to the full influence of 
the mid-summer sun, which, in his opinion^ 
Avas the solo cause of difference; and this 
opinion was confirmed by observation else¬ 
where, as well as in the cases cited. 
I wish to know if such is the case gene¬ 
rally, and if so, would it not be well for 
persons.in setUag trees to know the facts, 
so that they might act accordingly ? 
If time permit, I may perhaps give you 
some more of my observations for a future 
number if they can be of any benefit to the 
agriculturist. Respectfully yours, 
Rome, Nov. 25, 1850. ^ J. Talcott. 
Remarks. —We publish the above most 
cheerfully, and shall be glad to hear from 
others who have experimented, or observed 
the results in similar cases. Mr. Talcott 
will oblige us by furnishing the results of 
of his observations on other subjects, as in¬ 
dicated in the last paragraph of his inter¬ 
esting communication.. 
THE MA-AN-GA ROSE. 
We find in the “ Western Horticultural 
Review,” (a monthly magazine, recently 
commenced at Cincinnati, Ohio, by Dr. J. 
A. Warder — octavo, $3 per annum,) the 
following interesting letter relative to a new 
double prairie rose: 
Indian Ter., Wyandotte Agency,! 
July the 15th, 1850. j 
Maj. Gano:— Knowing the interest you 
feel in the science of Horticulture, I have 
taken the liberty of inclosing a specimen of 
wild double Multiflora rose that grows in 
this country. It was discovered by a young 
Wyandotte girl, whose perception of the 
beautiful is a source of admiration to me.— 
As I had never seen a double wild rose, and 
not recollecting that any were describod in 
the books, I thought it might prove a valu¬ 
able contribution to the flora of our country, 
and therefore determined to forward this 
specimen to you, and, if a new variety, thro’ 
you present, to the Horticultural Society of 
Cincinnati, a rose bush in the spring, when 
it can be transplanted without hazard. I 
so much doubted its growing wild, that its- 
graceful discoA^erer piloted me through the 
prairie to the spot three days ago. There, 
on the point of a ridge, in a space not more 
than 20 feet square, they were climbing 
over under-growth making the wilderness 
indeed blossom like the rose; but to me its 
situation was most curious, from the fact of 
its being surrounded, on the declivity of the 
elevation, by a wilderness of J,he single wild 
rose and pea vines. A lively imagination 
might fancy the ridge to be the burial place 
of some of the aborigines, thus decorated by 
pious hands long since mouldered into dust 
Should this proA'e a new variety, I would 
be glad that it should perpetuate the name 
of the graceful discoverer Teche Nehame 
Ma-an-ga, which the United States inter¬ 
preter tells me may be rendered into Eng¬ 
lish, The Rose of Wyandotte. Ma-an-ga is 
an epithet of endearment, meaning bright 
looking. I called at her mother’s cottage, 
and found their garden filled with beautiful 
wild floAvers and flowering shrubs, collected 
by the daughter. One shrub with its long 
spikes of pale yellow flowers and graceful, 
fair}^ locust like leaves was very pretty, but 
her hedge of wild roses excited most intense 
admiration. There is a cluster now lying 
before me, on which there are twenty full 
blown roses and eight buds; they have been 
I in bloom since June 15. 
1 Mary S. Clarkson. 
