MOORE’S EURAl NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL; 
We feel sure that we can do the readers 
of the Rural a service in recapitulating 
the names of choice apples, which it has 
been our good fortune to fall in with this 
fruit season past and passing away. 
Of early ones, the “ Early Joe” (a variety 
but little known,) stands high in our estima¬ 
tion, and we want to see it more plenty in 
market. The “ Autumn Strawberry” is 
one of the choicest, being so called from its 
similarity to the strawberry in its‘color. It 
is a charming apple. The “ Red Astra- 
chan,” ripening in Sept., is a beautiful as 
well as desirable fruit. 
The “Porter,” a*rich golden coloured ap¬ 
ple, with an acid which many admire, is a 
favorite, and the “Rambo,” a small but 
good fireside companion, and one that on no 
account, would we be without The “Hert¬ 
fordshire Pearmain” is another late fall ap¬ 
ple, which ranks high with us. It is called 
the “Sweet Pearmain,” .sometimes for its 
mildness. Nothing can be choicer. 
Next comes the “Norton’s Melon” which 
has ripened early this season, (although 
many will keep till midwinter,) is an excel¬ 
lent apple, being juicy and light, and many 
think it has a melon flavor. The “Fa- 
meuse,” or Snow Apple, stands No. 1, as one 
of the most delicate of all dessert fruits— 
every one should have it The season has 
been so fine that the winter fruits will 
be uncommonly good. We hope to add 
our testimony in regard to their equalities 
hereafter. 
We ought not to have forgotten a new 
variety called the “ Father” apple, which 
has been shown this season—but of that a 
more extended notice will be given hereaf¬ 
ter. J. H. vr. 
SHADE TREES. 
People are sometimes prevented from 
planting trees bj the slowness of their 
growth. What a mistake that is! People 
might as well be prevented from being wed, 
because a man child takes one-and-twenty 
years to get out of his minority, and a wo¬ 
man child, except in hot climates, is rarely 
marriageable before fifteen. Not the least 
fear in the world, that Tommy and Thom- 
asine and the Tree will grow up fast enough 
—witlier at the top and die! It is a strange 
fear to feel—a strange complaint to utter— 
that any thing, animate or inanimate, is of 
too slow growth; for the nearer to its per-, 
fection, the nearer to its decay. 
No man who enjoys good health, at 50, 
or even 60, would hesitate, if much in love 
to take a wife, on the ground that he could 
have no hope or chance of seeing his numer¬ 
ous children all grown up into hobblede¬ 
hoys and Priscilla Tomboys. Get yofir 
children first, and let them grow at their 
own leisure afterwards. In like manner, let 
no man, bachelor or benedict, be his age be¬ 
yond the limit of conversational confession, 
fear to lay out a nursery^garden to fill it 
with young seedlings—and thenceforward, 
to keep planting away, up hill and down 
brae, all the rest of his life. 
Besides, in every stage, how interesting, 
both a wood and sap tree, and a flesh and 
blood child! Look at a pretty, ten-year-old 
rosy-cheeked, golden-haired Mary, gazing, 
with all the blue-brightness of her eyes, at 
that large dew drop, which the sun has let 
escape unraelted even on into the meridian 
hours, on the top-most pink-bud, within 
which the teeming leaf struggles to expand 
into beauty—the top-most pink-bud of that 
lime tree, but three winters old, and half a 
spring! Hark! that is Harry, at home on 
a holiday, resting like a roe in the coppice- 
wood, in search of the nest of the blackbird 
or mavis; yet ten years ago that rocky hill¬ 
side was unplanted, and that bold boy, so 
bright and beautiful, unborn. Who, thfen, 
be his age what it may, would either linger, 
"with fond, reluctant, amorous delay,” to 
take unto himself a wife, for the purpose of 
having children, or to enclose a waste for 
the purpose of having trees ? 
New Currants. —S. P. Fowler, of Dan¬ 
vers, Mass., remarks in the New-England 
Farmer, that Knight’s Sweet Red “may 
perhaps by some persons be considered a 
little less acid than the White Dutch, wliilo 
others would not admit it I should not 
cultivate it for its supposed comparative 
sweetness.” The Champagne, he says, is 
not a great bearer, and the fruit, though 
beautiful, is very acid, most persons leaving 
it to be eaten by birds. Knight’s Early 
Red he has not found to be much earlier 
than the other varieties, not being worth 
cultivating for this characteristic, and pos¬ 
sessing no other. The Red and White 
Dutch are good, and are by some persons 
thought to be the best We believe these 
conclusions have been arrived at by most 
other cultivators of experience.— Cult. 
THE PIONEER SETTLER, AND HIS PROGRESS-[NO. L] 
The above is one of a series of beauti¬ 
ful engravings from Mr. Turner’s popular 
and valuable “ History of the Holland 
Purchase,” illustrating the advances in 
wealth and comfort made by the inhabitants 
of Western New York within the few years 
which have elapsed since its settlement 
The interesting description which we 
copy below, from that w’ork, r.erainds us of 
the pioneer experience of our grandfather 
in Niagara county in 1818 , where, with the 
parents of the wiiter, he and his venerable 
consort still reside. The country, although 
not wholly an unbroken Avilderness, was 
very new, and we well remember the story 
of his summer’s work ere the family were 
brought on. He alone,'An his fiftieth year, 
built a dwelling (except being assisted in 
raising it,) someAvhat superior to that shown 
above, and accomplished the partial logging 
and burning of seven acres slashed by a 
previous owner, as well as the cultivation 
and harvesting of a patch'of potatoes and 
a few acres of corn—and the sowing of the 
ground to winter wheat,—before making in 
the fall his long journey on foot to his dis- 
tani.iv’iiie. 
The changes which have taken place 
within our own recollection are truly won¬ 
derful. The orchard — the original one 
hundred trees of which were brought by 
three men, some ten miles on their shoul¬ 
ders, is now a forest almost in growth.—But 
this progress will be shown better than by 
any thing we can say, in the accompanying 
and other engravings and descriptions Avhich 
FRUIT TREES. 
The new method of raising fruit trees by 
planting the scions, is a great desideratum 
in the art of obtaining good fruit. It has 
many advantages over grafting, because it 
is more expeditious, and requires no stock 
nor tree. They may be planted where they 
are required to stand, and the labor for one 
day will be sufficient to plant out enough for 
a large orchard after the scions ai*e obtained. 
The method of preparing the plant is as 
follows:—Take the scion as for- grafting, 
and at any time after the first of Feb., and 
until the buds begin to grow considerably, 
and dip each end of the shoot into melted 
pitch, wax or tallow, and bury it in the 
ground, the buds xippermost, whilst the 
body lies in a horizontal position at the depth 
of two or three inches. 
We are informed that trees obtained in this 
way will bear in four years from the time 
of planting. We have no doubt of the practi¬ 
cability of this method of raising fruit. A 
gentleman in this vicinity the last season, 
planted about twenty scions of, different 
kinds of pears which appear to flourish.— 
The composition he used vims melted shoe¬ 
maker’s wax.— Cult. 
We find the above going the round of 
the political journals, credited as above. It 
is a very doubtful experiment: the apple 
and pear do not strike roots from cuttings, 
as we are advised. It looks like the old* 
Joe Miller new vamped, Avhich once in 
five or six years regularly goes the rounds 
—that a scion stuck into a patato and set 
in the earth will grow. 
It is a simple operation to test it. If 
true it is certainly the most ready and easy 
method of bringing forward a nui-sery ev¬ 
er practiced. 
Dr. Butler said of strawberries, “Doubt¬ 
less God could have made a better berry, 
but doubtless God never did.” 
will follow—so we proceed at once to our 
extract: e. 
“ Thro' tlie deep wilderness, where scarce the sun 
Can cast his darts along the winding path 
The Pioneer is treading. In his grasp 
Is his keen axe, that wondrous instrument, 
That like the talisman transforms 
Deserts to fields and cities. He has left' 
The home in which his early years were past, 
And, led by hope, and full of restless strength, 
Has plunged within the forest, there to plant 
His destiny. Beside some rapid stream 
He rears his log-built cabin. When the chains 
Of winter fetter Nature, and no sound 
Disturbs the echoes of the dreary woods. 
Save when some stem cracks sharply with the frost; 
Then merrily rings his axe, and tree on tree 
Crashes to earth; and when the long keen night 
Alantles the wilderness in solemn gloom, 
He sits beside his ruddy hearth, and hears 
The fierce wolf snarling at the cabin dOor, 
Or through the lowly casement sees his eye 
Gleam like a burning coal .”—Alfred B. Street. 
The engngraved view. No. I, introduces 
the Pioneer. It is winter. He has, the fall 
preceding obtained his “ article,” or had his 
land “booked ” to him, and built a rude log- 
house ; cold weather came upon him before 
its completion, and froze the ground, so that 
he could not mix the straw mortar for his 
stick chimney, and that is dispensed with. 
He has taken possession of his new^ home. 
The o.xen that are browsing, with the cow 
and three sheep; the two pigs and three 
fowls that his young wiie is feeding from 
her folded apron; the.so, with a bed, two 
chairs, a pot and kettle, and a few other 
ihdispensable articles for house keeping, few 
and scanty altogether, as may be supposed, 
for all were brought in upon that ox sled, 
through an underbrushed woods road; these 
constitute the bulk of his worldly wealth. 
The opening in the woods is that only, 
which has been made to get logs for his 
house, and biwvse his cattle for the fe^v 
days he has been the occupant of his new 
I iDinestii: (Btonorai]. 
Fine Apple Jelly. —Having cut out all 
blemishes, quarter half a bushel of the best 
pippin or bell-flower apples, without peeling 
or coring; as you cut them, throw them into 
a pan of cold water to preserve the color. 
When all the apples have been thus cut up, 
take them out of the water, but do not 
wipe or dry them. Then weigh the cut 
apples, and to each pound, allow a pound 
ot the best loaf-sugar. Put them Avith the 
sugar into a large preserving kettle and 
barely enough of water to prevent their 
burning, mixing among them the rind of 
half a dozen lemons paired off very thin 
and cut into pieces. Also the juice of the 
lemons. When perfectly soft, and boiled 
to a mash, put the apples, Ac., into a large 
jelly-bag, and run the liquid into moulds, if 
Avanted for present use: and into jars if in¬ 
tended for keeping. 
Mush Cakes.—G irls, I Avill tell you 
something Avhich may be of some use to 
you. If you will make a good pot of mush 
for supper, so as to have some left—(be 
sure to boil it well) Avhy then I will tell you 
how to have something .good for breakfast. 
Put some flour into the broad bowl, and 
pour the remaining mush, Avlfile hot, into 
it, place a lump of butter in the middle, and 
let it s«t to cool enough to mix Avith the 
hand, then add two or three spoonfuls of 
good yeast, knead the Avhole together with¬ 
out adding any other liquid, let it rise till 
morning; make it out into cakes and bake 
quickly. This is my husband’s favorite dish. 
— Ohio Cidtivator. 
Perfume for Handkerchiefs.—H alf a 
pint of rectified spirits of Avine, a quarter 
of an ounce of oil of lavender, five drops of 
essence of ambergris, Avell mixed together. 
Sweet oil and vinegar makes an admira¬ 
ble polish for mahogany furniture. 
home. He has a rousing fire; logs are piled 
up against his rude chimney back; his fire 
wood is conv’enient and plenty, as Avill be 
observed. There is a little hay piled on a 
hovel off to the right; the cattle and the 
sheep Avell understand that to be a luxury, 
only to be dealt out to them occasionally. 
The roof of his house is of peeled elm 
bark; his scanty window is of oiled paper; 
glass is a luxury that has not reached the 
settlement of Avhich he forms a part. The 
floor of his house is of the halves of split 
logs; the door is made of three hewed 
plank—no boards to be had—a saAv mill 
has been talked of in the neighborhood, but 
it has not been put in operation. Miles and 
miles off, through the dense forest, is his 
nearest neighbor. Those trees are to be 
felled and cleared away, fences are to be 
made; here, in this rugged spot, he is to 
carve out his fortunes, and against Avhat 
odds! The land is not only to be cleared, 
but it is to be paid for; all the privations of 
a wilderness home are to be encountered. 
The task before him is a formidable one, but 
he has a strong arm and a stout heart, and 
the reader has only to look at him as he 
stands in the foreground, to be convinced 
that he Avill conquer all obstacles; that rug¬ 
ged .tpot win yet, " blussuia like the rose;” 
, he will yet sit down there Avith his compan¬ 
ion in long years of toil and endurance— 
age will have come upon them, but success 
and competence Avill have crowned their ef¬ 
forts. They are destined to be the founders 
of a settlement and of a family; to look out 
upon broad smiling fields where now is the 
dense forest, and congratulate themselves 
that they have been helpers in a Avork of 
progress and improvement, such as has few 
parallels, in an age and in a country distin¬ 
guished for enterprise and perseverence. 
CHICKEN SALAD. 
The fowls, for this purpose should be 
young and fine. You may either boil or 
roast them. They must be quite cold.— 
Having removed all the skin and fat, and 
disjointed the fowls, cut the meat from the 
bones into very small pieces, not exceeding 
an inch. Wash and split two large, fine 
heads of celery, and cut the Avhite part into 
pieces also about an inch long; and having 
mixed the chicken and celery together, put 
them into a deep china dish, cover it and set 
it away. 
It is best not to prepare the dressing till 
just before the salad is to be eaten, that it 
may be as fresh as possible. Have ready 
the yolks of eight hard-boiled eggs. Put 
them into a flat dish, and mash them to a 
paste Avith the back of a Avooden spoon.— 
Add to the egg a small teaspoonful of fine 
salt, the same quantity of cayenne pepper, 
half a gill of made mustard, a gill or a 
wine glass and a half of vinegar, and rath¬ 
er more than two Avine glasses of SAveetoil. 
Mix all these ingredients thoroughly, stir¬ 
ring them a long time till they are quite 
smooth. 
The dres.sing should not be put on till a 
fcAv minutes before the salad is sent in; as 
by lying in it the chicken and celery will 
become tough and hard. After you pour 
it on, mix the whole well together Avith a 
silver fork. 
Chicken salad should be accompanied 
Avith .plates of bread and butter, and a plate 
of crackers. It is a supper dish, and is 
brought in Avith terrapin, oysters, &c. 
Cold turkey is excellent prepared as 
above. 
An inferior salad may be made with cold 
fillet of veal, instead of chickens. 
Cold boiled lobster is very fine, cut up 
and dressed in this manner, only substituting 
for celery, lettuce cut up and mixed Avith 
the lobster. 
A MAN is never ruined by dullness. 
Mi ^ ititnet. > 
LIST OF PATENTS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending November 27, 1850. 
To F. J. Ayres, of St. Johns, N. B., for im¬ 
provements in machine for feeding nail plate. 
To E. G. Allen, of Boston, Mass., and Chas. 
Briggs, of New Bedford, Mass., for improvement 
in cutters for planing machines. 
To Ralph Bulkley, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in ship ventilators. 
To Henry Cowing, of New Orleans, La., for 
improvement in gang plows. 
To M. G. Hubbard, of Geneva, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in hanging carriage bodies. 
To M. Y. Johnson, (administrator of J. H, 
Johnson, deceased,) of New Orleans, La., for 
improvement in processes for rendering cordage 
uninflammable. 
To C. W. Krebs, of Baltimore, Md. for improve¬ 
ment in fountain pens. 
To H. H. May, of Galesburgh, Ill., for improv¬ 
ed method of securing rails of railroads. 
To Simon McNair, of Hatborough, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in sausage stuffers. 
To T. J. Sloan, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provements in screw threading machines. 
To Joshua Stevens, of Chicopee, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in.the locking apparatus for repeating 
fire-arms. 
To T. T. Willcox, of Norwich, Conn., for im¬ 
provement in shuttle motions in looms. 
To Loftus Wood of New York, N. Y., for com¬ 
bined boiler cupola and grate. 
To Loftus Wood, of New York, N. Y., fbr im¬ 
provement in cooking stoves. 
DESIGNS. 
To Wm. B. Gleason, of Boston, Mass., (assign¬ 
or to James Hartshorn & W. Ames, Nashua, N. 
H.,) design for stoves. 
MANUFACTURING GLASS BY MACHINERY, 
On Friday last, says the Sandwich Ob¬ 
server, we Avitnessed at the factor}- of the 
Boston and Sandwich Glass Company, the 
making of glass boAvls by machinery, and 
of a magnitude that far exceeds in size and 
weight any heretofore made in this or any 
other country. The machine, we under¬ 
stand, Aveighs betAveen tAvo and three tons, 
and is worked Avith the accuracy of a steam 
engine. The gloAving metal was taken from 
the furnace at its greatest fusion by the 
workmen, placed in the machine by hand, 
set in motion, and in a few minutes a perfect 
boAvl, of rich design, Avas turned out, spread¬ 
ing a most intense heat around, Avhich 
none but those accustomed to the bu3ine.ss 
could stand. It is an interesting sight to 
notice the arrangement made in working 
the machine—there is no confusion — each 
workman is in his allotted place—and it 
surprises us to see an article of its- AA-eight 
and size handled Avith so much judgment 
and skill, that in one minute it Avas taken 
from the press by the head Avorkraeh, and 
carried to a side furnace to receive the fire 
polish and formed into shape ; as soon as 
that Avas secured, it Avas taken to an anneal¬ 
ing kiln, and placed therein to cool—which 
requires eight or ten days. 
The boAvl, Ave learn, Aveighs about sixty 
pounds, stands twenty-one inches high and 
twenty-tAvo inches in diameter at the top. 
It is called the Union BoavI, and the mode¬ 
rate price it is held at Avill enable h.otei 
keepers and others to possess a beautiful 
and useful centre ornament for their table. 
ON LOCOMOTIVES. 
It is a remarkable truth, and, Avell appli¬ 
ed, it might be profitable to us, in helping 
us to make fair aUoAvance for the difterences 
between the temperament of different men, 
that every locomotiA'c engine running on a 
raihvay has a distinct individuality and 
character of its OAvn. It is perfectly well 
known to experienced practical engineers, 
that if a dozen different locomotive engines 
were made at the same time, of the same 
poAver, for the same purpose, of like materi¬ 
als, in the same factory, each of those loco ¬ 
motive engines would come out Avith its own 
peculiar Avhims and Avays only ascertainable 
by experience. One engine Avill take a 
great meal of coke and water nt once; an¬ 
other Avill not hear of such a thing, but will 
in-sist on being coaxed by spades full and 
buckets full. One is disposed to start off, 
when required, at the top of his speed; and 
another must have a little time to Avarm to 
his work, and get Avell into it 
These peculiarities arc so accurately mas¬ 
tered hy skillful drivers, that only particular 
men can persuade particular engines to do 
their best. It would seem as if some’of 
these “ excellent monsters,” declared, on 
being brought out of the stable, “ If it’s 
Smith Avho is*to drive me I AA’on’t go. If 
it’s my friend Snookes, I’m agreeable to 
anything!’' All locomotive engines are low 
spirited in damp and foggy Aveather. They 
have a great satisfaction in their Avork when 
the air is crisp and frosty. At such a time 
they are very cheerful and brisk; but they 
strangely object to haze and Scotch mists. 
These are points of character on Avhich they 
are all united. It is in their peculiarities 
and varieties of character that they are most 
remarkable. The railway company who 
should consign all their locomotives to one 
uniform standard of treatment, Avithout any 
allowance for varying shades of character 
and opinion, would soon fall as much behind¬ 
hand in the world as those greater govern¬ 
ments are, and ever will be, Avho pursue the 
same course with the finer piece of work 
called man. — Household Words. 
