MOORE’S RURAL NEAV-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
A CHAPTER ON SWINE RAISING AND 
FATTENING 
In the first place select a good breed, as 
thus one half of the battle is won. There 
are several excellent breeds, but as there is 
a great diversity of opinion as to which is 
the best, 1 leave you to exercise your ovhi 
judgment in regard to this. 
I believe the best pigs are those which 
come about the middle of July. Some rec¬ 
ommend a later season; but,so far as I have 
been able to observe by experience, I have 
noticed a decided advantage in the former 
period. One point in its favor is the fact 
that the sows will liave a better chance to 
obtain food in the shape of “ leavings ” in 
the harvest fields, and, with thC' milk from 
the dairy you wall be able to ra.ise fine pigs. 
Six or seven weeks is long enough for them 
to run before weaning. When first put in¬ 
to the pen by themselves they should be 
fed on the surplus milk of the dairy, to¬ 
gether with clover, grass, Indian meal, <fec. 
As soon as apples, pears, pumpkins, &c., 
come in season, they may be fed to them 
with decided advantage. Be sure to cook 
their food, for there is a great saving to be 
derived from this operation, and be.side, it 
assists the animal in the work of digestion. 
Keep them clean w'hilc young, if 3 mu wish 
them to thrive. 
We have always found it to be a great 
advantage to have a yard or place fenced 
in, in which there should be some w’ater for 
them to wallow in, as this is materially ben¬ 
eficial in keeping off disease; and early in 
the month of May, or as soon as there is 
sufficient pasture, we turn our hogs out.— 
It is well enough to turn them in the orch¬ 
ard, to gather up the falling apples until ci¬ 
der-making time comes on, 
In regard to fattening, I will give the 
experience of Joshua Tvson, a practical 
farmer, who is well versed in the “ enno¬ 
bling art of agriculture:” He says: “The 
fattening of winter hogs is a matter of im¬ 
portance, and by proper management much 
may be saved. As soon as the Indian corn 
is fi.t to feed, the hogs should be put in the 
pen. Rye, buckwheat, or Indian corn, 
ground together, boiled potatoes, pumpkins, 
&c., make excellent slop for them; it should 
be made thick and given to them three 
times a day, and as much of tlie soft Indian 
com as they will eat clean.” Feed them 
regular, for on this considerable advantage 
rests. “ Hogs should be fed a little at a 
time, but often, and great care taken not to 
stall them. The last two weeks of feeding 
I prefer Indian corn only and water. Their 
pen should be cleaned twice a week, and 
their bed made of clean straw.” 
As to the diseases of hogs, he also says; 
“ Swine are liable to a variety of diseases 
to wit: mange, measles, stopping of the is¬ 
sues of the fore legs, (fee. I believe' most, 
if not all these diseases proceed from the 
filthy manner in which hogs are too fre¬ 
quently kept. The mange may be cured 
by sprinkling on the backs of the hogs, 
wood ashes, and turning them out of a rainy 
day, putting oil on them; or the most ef¬ 
fectual way is to wash them with soap-suds, 
and then oil them: after this trouble keep 
them clean. The flour of brimstone is said 
to be good for the measles. I have never yet 
had a measly hog. For the stoppage of 
the issues in the fore legs, nothing is neces¬ 
sary more than to rub them with a corn cob, 
and open the holes with the end of a knit¬ 
ting-needle or something of that kind.” 
Leonadb. 
Philadelphia Co., Pa,, 1850. 
LARGE CROP OF ONIONS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —Knowing 
. the interest you take in the publication^of 
articles from practical experimentalist’s in 
agriculture, I hereby send you my success 
in the cultivation of onions. 
From seventy rods of ground, I raised 
one hundred and ninety bushels of onions, 
and I should think that one half of them 
would measure from ten to fourteen inches 
in circumference, and a great many from 
fourteen to sixteen inches. 
The seed was planted on the 8th day of 
May. J- 'J-'. 
Phelps, xV. F., Dec. 4. 1850. 
To PREVENT FROTH RISING WHEN ClIURN- 
ING.—A lady says she had well nigh given 
up making butter last winter; for as soon 
as she commenced churning the froth would 
rise. She tried every preventive that was 
suggested to her without effect, until she 
was advised to try saleratus, which she did, 
and that proved effcctu.al. 
I'liK and ms i’Kogress. 
It is Summer. The pioneer has chop¬ 
ped down a few' acres, enclosed them with 
a rail fence in front, and a brush fence on 
the sides and in the rear. Around the 
house he has a small spot cleared of the 
timber sufficient, for a garden: but upon 
most of the opening he has made, he has 
only burned the brush, and corn, potatoes, 
beans, pumpkins, are growing among the 
logs. lie has got a stick chimney added to 
his house. In the back ground of the pic- 
JEFFERSON COUNTY DAIRY FARMING. 
[From the American Agriculturist.] 
It wmuld greatly surprise some of the 
western and southern stock farmers, who 
boast of their favored climate and rich pas¬ 
tures, to visit this rock-bound county upon 
the shores of Ontario and the St. Lawrence, 
to see how much more money is made by 
the produce of cows in a climate of six or 
seven winter months, than in regions where 
it is vary mild, or frost quite unknown. 
In my late flying trip to Watertown, N. 
Y., I had the pleasure of a visit to the farm 
of Mr. Moses Eames, about seven miles from 
the village, six hundred feet elevation above 
it, and twelve hundred feet above tide wa¬ 
ter, and north of latitude 44°. The surface 
is quite hilly and stony, with underlying- 
rocks, and would be thought by strangers 
cold and unproductive. Now, August 21, 
is the season of harvest of wheat, oats, bar¬ 
ley and grass. Mr. E. keeps 43 cows, and 
makes a cheese every day that will weigh, 
when ready for market, 90 pounds; wmrth 
six cents a pound at home, or $5,40, besides 
a liberal supply of milk and butter for a 
large family. And better butter and cheese 
I never tasted; nor did I ever sit at a bet¬ 
ter table than in this farmer’s home. Ah, 
“ Home, sweet Home,” indeed. 
Milking' the Cow^s.— These are driven 
from the pasture long enough before night 
to enable the laborers to finish by daylight, 
without haste. From the lower yard, about 
half are driven into a commodious stable, 
and fastened in a long line by “stanchions,” 
composed of the upright pieces of wood 
about five feet long, one of which is fast in 
a sill, and in a girder at the top, and the 
other movable, so that the top falls back to 
give the cow convenience of putting her 
head and horns between, and is then closed 
with a catch, almost as fast as a man can 
walk along. Cows soon learn to take their 
places without any confusion. As soon as 
all are fast, the milkers commence,_each be- 
ino- seated upon a stool or chair, w'ith a sort 
of^ back attached for the convenience of 
handling; and a great convenience it is.— 
The milking is done with both hands, as 
rapidly as possible, as the owner has found 
that a dribbling milker will deteriorate the 
best cow in a very short time. As soon as 
all are done, the first section of the herd 
are turned out at another door, which opens 
into the yard, and then the second section 
is brought in, and when all are done, they 
are driven again to pasture. In the morn¬ 
ing, the same course is repeated. 
The Advantages of Stabling to Milk, 
are, that all the cows are sure to be milked; 
all stand quiet while milking; and there is 
no hooking and running one after another, 
and upsetting milk and milkmaid. If it is 
rainy and mudd}'^, all are sheltered and up¬ 
on a" clean floor, and men and beast are bet¬ 
ter tempered, and get and give more milk, 
and save a deal of scolding, much time, and 
more money; insomuch that a herd of forty 
cows will pay for a shelter in one season.— 
Putting in one half at a time is an advant¬ 
age; for 20 are easier managed, with less 
huddling in the stable, than 40, and are only 
confined half as long, make less droppings, 
and only require half as much stable room. 
turCj & l<^'giiigAice ! ■ 
tere'd^ibne^'ncighwHPfcqti'im'&e b(^H^o- 
cating about him during the winter and 
spring, have come to join hands with him | 
for a day, and in their turns, each of them | 
will enjoy a similar benefit 
His wife has become a mother, and with 
her first born in her arms, she. is out, look¬ 
ing to the plants she has been rearing upon 
some rude mounds raised with her own 
hands. She has a few marygolds, pinks, 
and each section has an opportunity Iw^flrink 
in the yard while the otlicr is in the stable. 
Disposal of the Milk.— The railk-pails 
are carried, as fast as filled, to the milk 
house, and emptied into a vat of suitable 
size, say seven by four feet, and two feet 
deep, made of wood, lined with tin, having 
a spa(Je between, into which cold spring 
water is drawn at night, to cool the milk 
and promote the rising of the cream. This 
vat is elevated upon legs for greater con¬ 
venience, so that the top is some three and 
a half feet high. When the morning milk j 
is added, the water is drawn oflj and a con- i 
ducting pipo from a small boiler fills the | 
space with steam to scald the curd, which 
is made in the same vat. The steam is then 
turned into a barrel of water, and heats 
that ready for cleansing utensils without the 
least trouble. 
Taking off the Whey. —Another vat (sf 
a smaller size, with rollers in the legs, is 
placed along the side, and surface whey 
dipped off, and then it is rolled to a spot 
where a conductor, opening through the 
floor, receives the contents, and carries it 
down to the pig''pmi- The curd is next 
dipped into a strainer in the small vat, and 
the whey drained oft; and then it is rolled 
along side of the press, and put into the hoop 
upon a sliding board; so the whole is done 
without any hard lifting. The press is one 
of Mr.Eames’s.own make, and, with a small 
weight, wall give seven tons pressure. In 
turning the cheese in press, a small wheel 
table is rolled along side, upon whbh it is 
done with ease. Upon the same, it is con¬ 
veyed into the cheese-room, wdiere the 
cheese are kept upon long tables, and turn¬ 
ed by rolling upon edge and over, which is 
generally done by Mr. E. himself, but with¬ 
out great exertion o/ strength.^ 
The next process, after placing upon the 
table, is, to bandage wath thin muslin, made 
on purpose, and costing only three cents a 
yard. The strips are cut two or three inches 
• wider than the cheese is thick, and the 
edges turned over the corners and sewed, 
so that it is impossible for cheese to spread 
or flatten down, as they did before bandag¬ 
ing came in fashion. 
The Temi’kratuue of the Cheese-Room 
is kept cool and dry by using a stove to 
drive off dampness; and then it can be fre¬ 
quently washed with cold water. 
I The Average Product of Dairy Cow’S, 
' in this county, is from $25 to $35 each, per 
. annum, and the average value per head, 
from $20 to $28. 
Wintering Cows.—Two tons of good 
hay is the amount estimated for each cow, 
besides straw and other coarse feed. If 
giving milk, grain or roots are added, as 
every thing extra fed is paid for in extra 
milk. The cows are generally of the com¬ 
mon breed, but look remarkably fine, not 
only upon this well-conducted farm, but up¬ 
on hundreds of others of the same sort in 
this rich farming county. 
Buying Curd. —I was told of one man in 
this county, who buys the curd of five hun¬ 
dred cows, every day, and makes it into 
I cheese. I understand that he pays five 
! cents a pound, and takes it fresh as soon as 
I wmll drained; Mr. E. says he can afford to 
l.^D. 2.] 
-sweet Williams, daffodils, sun flowers, hol- 
i FARMING ACCOUNTS, 
The Dutch have a proverb that “no one 
is ever ruined w'ho keeps correct accounts,” 
and this saying, there is no doubt, contains' 
much truth; and if it applies to the mer¬ 
chant, trader, and manufacturer, it must do 
so still stionger to the farmer, whose busi- 
j ness it is by small outgoings to create a stock, 
j which at the year’s end shall afford, in 
; addition to returning the expenditure, a 
I surplus for his remuneration. But farmers 
I are seldom accountants; it does not enter 
i their ideas that a knowledge of booking can 
be a necessary part of their education, and 
yet what is more evident than the occasion 
for their knowing not only what proportion 
tlieir general expenditure bears to the gross 
returns, but that they should also be aware 
in detail of the cost and returns of the 
several products of their farm, so that they 
may ascertain, not only their position as to 
profit or loss at the year’s end, and be able 
to develop the profitable branches of their 
farming by a sacrifice'of the unprofitable; 
but, further, that they may readily estimate 
the adyisabilit)*of a practice or of an outlay 
by a calculation of the cost and return. 
It is to the neglect of this very important 
branch of education, to the want of this aid 
to good farming, that great numbers of 
land owners as well as farmers sink their 
raonej'' so unprofitably. They are led into 
plans by gross returns, without a knowledge 
of the cost, and then fancy their lost capital 
has gone in improvements of their land, 
which are to make a return hereafter, when, 
in realitj^ some vicious system, some false 
• , , • 1 f j views of profit have swallowed it, I often 
lyhocks; upon one s,de of the door, a hop depreciating, but «hioh the 
vine, and upon the other a morning glory, o^^ner or occupier fancies he must have been 
Knowing that when the cow came from doing much to greatly improve, simply be- 
the ivoo'da-.there would come along with her cause he finds he is yearly becoming poorer 
a sv^rm of musquitoes, she has prepared a by his use of it. Plow often does the stock 
smudge for their reception. A log bridge master, delighting in his stock, reconcile ft. 
, ® ^ T. • consumption of nearly all his produce, the 
has been thrown across tlie stream. It is a f^^m, to the main- 
rugged home in the wilderness as yet, but tenance of animals which at the year’s end 
we have already the earnest of progress give but a comparative trifle for their keep, 
and improvement.— Turner's Holland Fur. with the impression he shall recover their 
--- _. ... _-r cost in the return of grain. 
pay that price. Cheese and butter are the ^ better system of accounts, an accurate 
kaple exports of this county, and no grain- knowledge of the cost on one side and of 
growimr reo-ion, within ray knowledge, can return on the other, would often set 
show so large a proportion of wealthy far- many right who are going very wrong in- 
mers, good farm-houses, good-looking and tleed. Figures should be the farmer's test 
well-improved farms, and such a number of of o^'ery operation, every system should 
-to-do-in-the-world people as Jeff'erson undemo a comparison of cost to the rc 
ity. The women and children here take Why^hould manufacturers, traders, 
return, 
s, and 
more interest in agricultural improvement, merchants, be governed by their estimates, 
and know more about it, than a majority of and their debtor and creditor accounts, and 
the men in some places. When you know farmers not? I confess Mike the present 
the farmers’ wives there, you will not be cry for balance sheets, formy early educa- 
surprised to find such pretty girls and noble ^mn was a mfircantile one, and much I owe 
boys. Would you know the reason ? They m it; but at the same time of the desirability 
read. Yes, sir, they read, and read agri- cf ^garc proof be admitted, we must not 
- - - • ■ forget that good farming when first planted 
cultural papers, too. One handsome, Intel- 
ligent boy, about 14 years of age, came up requires time to produce fruit-it is a tree 
to me just as I was leaving, and said, “ Mr. ''’hich takes years of care and attention be- 
Robinson, I should like to have you send fore it blossoms. Four or five years must bo 
me the Agriculturist for a year. Here is expected to pass before it must be regarded 
the money.” That boy will make an Intel- ^r its returns. The greater the occasion 
licrenl, good man. The same boy had the therefore for accounts, to distinguish money 
sde management of a large family garden, lost from money invested.—Hxchange. 
the past summer. I need not tell you it ' WATEr'^OXEN 
was a good one. __ 
Jefferson County Agricultural So- notice the arrival from Constantino- 
ciety. —I will tell you what fosters and p(.j. Kew World, via Liverpool, of 
keeps alive this spirit of improvement in this p^^jj. Asiatic buffalo calves, or as (Jliey 
county. They have one of the oldest and generally called in the books, “ water 
one of the most active and efficient Agricul- oxen.” 
turalSocieties in the State; and the Society q'hese animals have been imported by 
have a hall, or place of meeting, upwards of vyiUiam Middleton, who 
200 feet long, and 50 feet wide, capab e o understand, some time since adapted, 
accommodating 3,000 people. It was bui t rj^ fencing,] a large extent of.land for 
by the funds of the Society, and is emphat- rearing of cattle, and in which he has 
ically “the people’s meeting-house, for j^^^out one thousaud head, sustainpd,entire- 
there, all large public meetings are held , , 
rescources of the land, 
besides the agricultural annual fairs. hat guying g. large revenue, but 
other county will look to this one (if the north | ^ ^ 
for an example, and go and do likewise ? , . ® ^ markets in our city. 
In addition to the improved progress of 
and beef markets in our city. 
A pair of these water oxen, brought out 
agriculture, manufacturing of cotton, Dj. over a year since, are really 
paper, flour, axes, and other things, flouris objects of curiosity, (and of course of corres- 
here in an equal degree. ponding promise,) from their remarkable 
Thin Soil. —Much land in this county fgtuegs^ and this from feeding on the mansh 
lies upon a flat surface of rock, so near that gj-ggg of the Doctor’s farm. Mr. Middleton 
the plow sometimes runs quite down to it. [jjg enclosure, a great deal of this 
When this is lime rock, the land is very pro- aiarsh land, now valueless, which, we be- 
ductive, and does not suffer so much as I ho is now about to turn to good ac- 
should expect by drought. It produces pount with these animals, 
sweet grass, and is more valuable tor dairy water oxen disregard mud or bogs, 
purp(3ses than any other. A railroad, now hence well adapted, as working ox¬ 
building through this county, will soon open lands. A great part of the day, 
its treasures to the view of the world, i spend in Ashley River and an artificial 
intend to see more of it myself. pond on the Doctor’s farm, with only the 
Creating a Spring. —When fitting up ont.of water. They grow to an enor- 
his dairy, Mr. Eames was much at a loss mous size, the cows, are tolerable milkers, 
about a supply of water, having no spring f^ij. gg beef cattle, 
tllat would give hini a constant running particular in this notice, 
stream. But he got cine; an(i the way he planters on our extensive 
did iUs worthy of ijotice and imitation. He ^^.g 
examined the hill, about one liunclied r(D s yg ^gg^i-uctive to cattle, will examine into 
above the house, and selected a favcirable ggpggpigg gf these animals, and avail 
spot, where the land had a ‘ spouty ap- ^^jjgj^ggjygg gf facility of importation. — 
pearance, and dug a reservoir, ami wing Mercury. 
ditches to form under-drams into it; and _ _ _ __ 
soon had the satisfaction to find the plan gxiiAw should not be wasted. It 
succeed, which gave him a living fountain, g,.g ^,g,.y 
that runs summer and winter in the cow- 
yard, without fa'll from drought or frost. — ' „„„ 
W is onlyonoof the fruit?of an inftlli- . I’ca straw it out green a, d well cu.cd, 
gont mind, devoted to agrioultural improve- is good feed for all kinds of stock 
ment, and possessed by a self-made man.— I One ton of hay will wintei from five to 
But he is a reading man as well as a work- seven sheep. Ihe sheep should be protect- 
inrr man. Solon Robinson. cd from the weather. 
