GEOLOGY. 
o 
O 
formed by Colonel Strachey, chiefly at Niti, was described by Messrs. Salter and Blanford 
in 1865; 1 whilst the Schlagintweits’ collections were entrusted to Professor Oppel, and 
descriptions and figures of them published by him. 2 Other less important notes had appeared, 
and several imperfect descriptions of the geology; but no thorough sections had been made, 
and, beyond the general fact that fossils of silurian, carboniferous, triassic, liassic, and 
jurassic forms were represented in the various collections, very little, indeed, had been done 
towards elucidating the geological structure of the country. 
This work was admirably carried out by Dr. Stoliczka. In the course of a single season’s 
work, in a most difficult country, amongst some of the highest mountains in the world, he 
clearly established the sequence of formations; and, from his extensive palaeontological know¬ 
ledge, was able to do this with an accuracy, which has stood the test of subsequent research. 
He, moreover, added to the fist of known formations the representatives of rhsetic and 
cretaceous rocks not previously detected, and showed that some of the other groups might be 
sub-divided. 
The presence of this remarkable series of marine fossiliferous beds in the North-Western 
Himalayan region—a series in which all the principal European palaeozoic and mesozoic groups, 
except the Cambrian, devonian, permian, and neocomian, are represented—is none the less 
surprising, that scarcely any of the formations, except a few oolitic and cretaceous strata, are 
found in the peninsula of India, beyond the Indus river basin. In the hills of the Pan jab 
some of the formations have been detected, but they were until recently very imperfectly 
known. 
The following is the sequence of formations, with the fossils found in them by Dr. 
Stoliczka:— 
I. SUB-RECENT OR 
NEWER TERTIARY. 
II. TERTIARY 
III. MESOZOIC 
River and lacustrine deposits.—Ivarewak deposits of Godwin-Austen, &c.; 
Mammalian bones. 
Eocene ... (Nummulitic) Indus or Sliingo beds.— Nummulites ramondi ; N. expo- 
liens. 
Cretaceous (9) Chikkim shales. 
(8) Chikkim limestone.— Pudistes (fragments), Nodosaria , 2 sp., Dentalina 
(annulata ?), Potalici, sp., Textilaria, 2 sp., Ilaplopliragmium , sp., 
CristellaHa, sp. 
Upper jueassic (7) Gieumal sandstone.— Ostrea, sp., near O. gregaria ; another species near 
O. sowerbii ; Gyphcea, sp., Avicula echinata, Mytilus mytiloideus, 
Lima, sp., Amusium demissim, Pecten bifrons, Anatina spitiensis, 
Stol., A. sp., nov., Opis, sp. 
Middle Jurassic(6) Spiti shales.— Salenia ? sp., Terebratida sp., Phynconella varians, Ostrea, 
sp., Pecten lens, Amusium (conf. Pecten stolidus), Aucella blarfordi- 
ana, Stol., A. leguminosa, Stol., Lima, sp., near L. rigula, Inoceramus 
hooleeri, Macrodon egertonianum, Stol., Nucula, sp., Nucula eunei- 
formis, Cyprina trigonalis, Trigonia costata, Astarte unilateralis, A. 
major, A. spitiensis, Stol., A. hiemalis, Stol., Homomya tibetica, 
Pleurotomaria, 2 sp., Ammonites acucinctus, A. strigilis, A. macro- 
cephalus , 3 A. octagonus, A. hyphasis, A. parhinsoni, A. theodorii, A. 
sabineanus, A. spitiensis, A. eurvicosta, A. braihenridgii, A. nivalis, 
Stol., A. liparus, A. triplicatus, A. biplex,A. alatus, Anisocerasgerar- 
dianum, Pelemnites canaliculatus, P. clavatus. 
. . (5) Clayey slates.— Pelemnites, sp., Posidonomya ornata. 
' Palaeontology of Niti, printed for private circulation, Calcutta. 
2 Palseontologische Mittheilungen, 1868, p. 267; 1865, p. 289. 
3 According to Dr. Waagen, Palaeontologia Indica, Ser. IN, 8, p. 237, foot-note, this and several other species are not identical 
with the European fossil forms to which they were referred by Dr. Stoliczka, 
