10 SECOND YARKAND MISSION. 
round the other side of Chamba Peak. 1 The section from Changligali to Dangagali is a 
little more simple. 
On the saddle at Kaldana the Mari beds dip towards the nummulitic shales, but at 
Sunnybank they are turned up sharply against the latter. There must have been a tremen¬ 
dous slip along this boundary. After some shales and crumbling sandstones, the southern 
side of the Kaldana hill consists chiefly of limestone, and then follow reddish shales and 
sandstones, very like those of the Mari group in general character. The shales are seen on 
the next saddle, succeeded chiefly by limestone and grey shale and carbonaceous sandstone, 
often very impure. These beds, the calcareous especially, are often full of nummulites, with 
an occasional pelecypod or gastropod. 
g. Gieumal sandstone (upper jurassic), typical, and occasionally very silicious. 
sp. Spiti shales (jurassic), typical, but without concretions, 
t. Trias. 
Section from Kairagali to Changligali, distance a little above 2 miles. 
The section on the western side of the Chamba Peak is even more contorted than that 
made by Waagen on the other (eastern) side. The general dip of the rock is towards the 
north-west, and the consequence is, that the rocks are dreadfully twisted in every stream : 
on the whole, the section is much more contorted than in the sketch. 
The triassic limestone in contact with the Spiti shales is semi-oolitic, just like the Krol 
limestone in some places. Its thickness is generally from 10 to 30 feet, and then follows 
more compact grey limestone, sometimes full of small oysters. About half a mile from 
Kairagali, I got a good Rhychonella in it. Changligali lies on shales, but the next 
Changligali. Dangagali. 
Nummulitic. 
Section from Changligali to Dangagali, distance about miles. 
hill is limestone, mostly vertical, and dreadfully old-looking. If I had not occasionally got 
a nummulite out of the intermediate calcareous shales, I should certainly have taken the 
limestone for triassic. But, as a rule, the nummulitic limestone is highly bituminous, while 
the compact triassic limestone is apparently never bituminous, and the semi-oolitic (triassic) 
limestone is occasionally slightly bituminous, but generally not. Nummulitic beds continue 
about half-way to Dangagali. There is a great thickness of triassic limestone, and then 
1 Eec. G. S. I., Vol. V, 1872, p. 16. 
