GEOLOGY, 
45 
There must be greenstones somewhere in this southern direction among the dark 
crumbling rock. 
The light-coloured bedded limestone strikes over to Karatagh lake, and the hills to the 
west, east, and south-east appear to consist of it. I noticed, when I marched last year, that 
their steepness indicates in part limestone cliffs, and some of them at least were of a light 
colour. 
Tins is also the pale limestone seen north of our camp, some miles north of Khush 
Maidan, and no doubt these limestones extend to the south of Aktash. [That is to say, that 
this pale lim estone, which is probably of carboniferous age, appears to stretch across from the 
high ground between the Mastagh and Kuenluen ranges to the eastern edge of the Pamir.] 
June 14th, Woabjilga, 12 miles. —The hills all covered with detritus. 
A little way south of Aktagh the grey limestones, which appear to be carboniferous, are 
overlain by dark crumbling dolomitic limestone and sub-metamorphic shales, in several places 
in contact with greenstone, which is again either typical, like that near Aktash, or it is dark, 
and very homogeneous in texture, and at first strikingly resembles basalt. Eurther on, the 
grey dolomitic limestones again crop out from under the detritus of the valley; and near the 
camp the sub-metamorphic schists are overlain by more compact grey dolomitic limestone, 
which rises high upon a hill a little south by east of our camp. These grey dolomitic lime¬ 
stones regularly bend over at the top, and in the centre are exposed what may he called 
Hallstdclt or St. Cassian beds—a red, somewhat earthy, marble, with Arcestes ? johannis 
uustriee , Ammonites batteni , Aulacoceras, and Crinoids. I shall speak of this red marble 
as the A. batteni bed. 
The A. batteni bed is seen exposed far towards the west, overlain by the grey limestone, 
and is mostly highly inclined towards the north. I must see more of the whole triassic 
series to-morrow. 
June 15th, Karakoram-brangsa, 14 miles.' —Starting from Woabjilga, the grey triassic lime¬ 
stones were met with, afterwards the red limestones succeeded them, and continued to 
camp, often interrupted by patches of greenstone, which is greatly developed at the camp 
north of the pass. 
June 16th, Baulatbeg Uldi (crossing the Karakoram pass), about 22 miles. —Leaving 
camp, the greenstones are underlain by black crumbling shale, in mineralogical character 
like the Spiti shales, but very likely triassic, like that near Aktash. Then follows an 
alternation of grey or whitish limestones and shales and the triassic red limestone; and 
on these rest blackish and grey marly shales, which are overlain by almost horizontal strata 
of brown limestone, very much like the lower Taglang limestone, and which contains fragments 
of Belemnites. These liassie rocks form the Karakoram range proper, and extend far east¬ 
ward. The hills to the west are much higher, and do not allow a distant view. 
After crossing the pass, the road skirts the base of the centre ridge in a south-east direc¬ 
tion ; and here the liassie limestones come down several times, and about four miles from the 
pass grey marly shale, or almost marly limestone, crops out from under the brown limestone : 
both are evidently liassie. On the right bank of the stream more massive limestones occur, 
dipping to north-east, but very indistinctly. I should think that these are triassic limestones. 
They very readily crumble to pieces, being highly dolomitic; and these often contain reddish 
beds interstratified. 
June 17 th, Burtsi, 24 miles. —Eirst we crossed the Lip sang plain, with solitary low hills, 
probably still belonging to the Taglang series. Then we ascended towards the watershed. 
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