1892 
7 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
What  Others  Say. 
( Continued .) 
las  Spruce  35  cents  per  ounce  ;  Norway 
15 ;  Blue  Spruce  $1 ;  Austrian  Pine  15 
cents  ;  Nordman’s  Fir  30  cents  per  ounce. 
Sow  the  seeds  in  early  spring  in  fine, 
rather  sandy  soil.  Cover  them,  according 
to  their  size,  with  twice  their  diameters 
of  soil.  Firm  the  soil  and  water  sparing¬ 
ly.  Cold  frames  or  boxes  may  be  used  for 
the  purpose.  They  may  remain  in  the 
seed-bed  for  two  years . 
In  some  of  the  European  agricultural 
experiment  stations — that  at  Dresden, 
for  example — the  soil  of  certain  experi¬ 
ment  plots  is  removed  to  the  depth  of  a. 
foot  or  more  and  replaced  by  the  special 
soils  for  experiment,  which  are  brought 
from  appropriate  localities . 
Among  the  studies  made  at  Kiel,  Prus¬ 
sia,  were  some  of  the  use  of  pure  cul¬ 
tures  of  bacteria  in  ripening  cream.  The 
material  for  inoculation  of  the  fresh 
cream  was  taken  each  time  from  the 
buttermilk  of  the  previous  churning, 
and  it  was  found  that  in  this  way  rela¬ 
tively  pure  cultures  could  be  retained 
for  about  14  days.  In  later  experiments 
in  a  large  creamery  it  was  recommended 
to  transplant  the  bacteria  by  using  a 
small  amount  of  the  ripened  cream,  and 
this  was  found  to  work  successfully . 
As  to  the  possibility  of  eliminating 
numerous  undesirable  qualities  of  butter 
by  the  use  of  pure  cultures  of  lactic-acid 
bacteria,  tests  which  were  made  showed 
at  once  a  favorable  change  in  the  quality 
of  the  butter,  and  indicated  that  these 
faults  could  be  prevented  by  the  use  of 
pure  cultures.  The  station  has  also  dis¬ 
tributed  pure  cultures,  and  in  each  case 
has  requested  that  a  report  be  made  of 
the  results  of  their  use.  In  cases  where 
the  butter  was  oily,  possessed  a  musty  or 
an  oily  flavor  (“beet  taste”),  or  was  gen¬ 
erally  poor,  the  use  of  these  cultures  has 
been  attended  by  a  marked  improve¬ 
ment  in  aroma  and  quality  of  the  butter. 
Field  experiments  at  Rostock  were 
made  to  determine  the  best  time  for  ap¬ 
plying  nitrate  of  soda  to  winter  and  sum¬ 
mer  grains,  the  results  showing  that  in 
general  the  nitrate  should  be  applied 
just  as  the  plant  begins  its  vigorous 
growth  but  before  it  has  commenced  to 
shoot  upwards.  A  comparison  of  the 
effects  of  different  nitrogenous  fertil¬ 
izers  for  oats  showed  for  the  first  year 
the  following  relative  action  as  based 
on  the  best  result  at  100:  Ammonium 
sulphate  100,  ground  meat  72,  ground 
bone  65,  ground  leather  59,  dried  blood 
58,  and  ground  horn  33 . 
Occasionally  a  statement  is  published 
from  an  experiment  station,  detailing 
the  number  of  plats  or  experiments  un¬ 
der  observation  at  the  institution,  says 
the  editor  of  Agricultural  Science.  Ope 
station  has  recently  published  the  fact 
that  it  had  over  1,000  plats  planted  ex¬ 
perimentally . 
It  is  not  in  any  wise  essential  or  judic¬ 
ious  that  our  station  officials  attempt  to 
make  themselves  substantial  with  trus¬ 
tees  and  the  farming  public  by  giving 
numerous  titles  of  experiments  thought 
of,  started  or  in  progress.  One  first-class 
experiment  is  worth  a  dozen  starts  or 
flunks.  Our  stations  will  make  no  mis¬ 
take  if  they  materially  restrict  their 
lines  of  research,  and  allow  the  investi¬ 
gators  of  the  same  sufficient  opportunity 
to  do  thoroughly  that  work  with  which 
they  are  entrusted . 
mg  inferior  or  different  varieties,  or  who 
shall  falsely  represent  £he  name,  age,  or 
class  of  such  tree  or  plant . 
A  perusal  of  certain  catalogues  of 
dealers  in  plants  and  seeds  suggests  the 
thought  to  Prof.  Popenoe  that  while  Con¬ 
gress  is  forbidding  the  use  of  the  mails  to 
lotteries,  it  might  also  take  notice  of 
some  of  the  seedsmen  as  kindred  swind¬ 
lers . 
In  a  list  of  winter-blooming  plants,  in 
a  catalogue  issued  by  a  Wisconsin  seeds¬ 
man  (the  name  is  not  given),  is  included 
the  well-known  Euphorbia  splendens,  to 
be  had  of  every  florist  in  the  country  at 
reasonable  rates.  In  the  catalogue  al¬ 
luded  to,  however,  this  plant  appeals  to 
buyers  in  a  new  way.  It  is  called  by  a 
name  which  has  from  time  to  time  been 
applied,  and  probably  with  equal  pro¬ 
priety,  to  every  thorny  exotic:  “The 
Crown  of  Thorns.”  The  description  states 
that  “On  the  wild,  rocky  hills  of  Judea 
and  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of 
Jerusalem  this  emblematic  plant  is  found, 
and  from  there  our  original  stock  was 
secured,  *  *  The  ‘  Crown  of  Thorns,’ 
worn  by  our  Savior,  was  made  out  of 
this  plant,  *  *  and  some  sacred  histori¬ 
ans  assert  that  the  drink  given  to  our 
Savior  before  his  death  was  made  from 
the  juice  of  this  plant.”  The  plant  in 
question  is  a  nativfi  of  the  Isle  of  France, 
as  every  florist  knows,  and  the  whole 
statement  of  the  catalogue  is  without  a 
shade  of  truth . 
Prof.  E.  A.  Popenoe,  of  the  Kansas 
Agricultural  College,  says  that  there  is  a 
law  in  the  Kansas  statutes,  passed  in  the 
session  of  1886,  to  punish  misrepresenta¬ 
tion  and  deception  in  the  sale  of  trees  and 
plants — a  law  intended  not  to  abridge 
the  rights  of  the  dealers  in  any  case, 
but  to  protect  the  purchaser,  where 
necessary,  as  it  too  often  is.  It  pro¬ 
vides  for  punishment  by  fine  and  im¬ 
prisonment,  and  by  liability  to  damages 
to  three  times  the  actual  loss,  of  the  per¬ 
son  who  shall  misrepresent  any  tree  or 
plant,  or  who  shall  defraud  by  substitut- 
The  Committee  on  Nomenclature  of 
the  Society  of  American  Florists  also 
speaks  of  this  imposition,  but  does  not 
mention  the  impostor . 
“  Falsifying  the  illustrations  of  plants, 
or,  in  other  words,  using  for  the  plants 
of  to-day  old  illustrations  of  totally  differ¬ 
ent  plants,  is  done  sometimes,  but,  hap¬ 
pily  not  frequently.  Exaggerated  cases 
of  It  occur ,  however  ;  but  it  is  with  this  as  it 
is  with  unscrupulous  dealings  generally,  the 
party  who  practices  the  one  is  apt  to  incline 
to  the  other." 
The  above  paragraph  is  quoted  from 
the  Proceedings  of  the  S.  A.  F.  In  differ¬ 
ent  language  the  same  idea  was  expressed 
in  an  editorial  which  appeared  in  The  R. 
N.-Y.  of  October  17  :  “  Mayn’t  we  assume 
that  florists  who  will  manufacture  false 
names  for  their  novelties  will  lie  as  to 
the  intention  ? . 
A  few  of  the  cases  of  mis-illustrations 
that  have  been  submitted  to  the  Nomen¬ 
clature  Committee  are :  An  old  Moon- 
flower  cut  used  to  show  “  Ipomsea  pan- 
durata  in  bloom.” 
For  the  ‘  ‘  Resurrection  Plant  of  Pales¬ 
tine  ”  (which  is  Anastatica  Hierochuntina, 
a  little  annual  crucifer)  a  cut  of  an 
American  Selaginella  is  used. 
A  cut  of  Cyclamen  Europium  is  used 
to  illustrate  C.  Persicum,  a  different  plant 
both  in  appearance  and  behavior. 
A  very  aggravated  case  is  that  of  ‘  ‘  Hun- 
nemannia,  ‘  Child  of  the  Setting  Sun,’  in 
bloom.”  The  figure  used  to  illustrate  this 
marvelous  “  Child  of  the  Setting  Sun”  is 
nothing  other  than  an  old  cut  of  Papaver 
(poppy)  nudicaule,  which  in  books  and 
catalogues  has  before  now  done  duty 
for  years,  both  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe  ;  and  to  make  the  matter  no  bet¬ 
ter,  into  two  of  the  three  corners  of  the 
cut,  blocks  are  inserted  bearing  the  an¬ 
nouncement,  “We  control  this  novelty 
exclusively.” . 
Again  the  Committee  on  Nomenclature 
of  the  S.  A.  F.  remarks;  “We  have 
abundant  proof  that  the  intentional  re¬ 
naming  of  plants  is  done  to  a  limited  ex¬ 
tent,”  but  the  names  of  the  offenders  are 
not  given,  so  that  neither  the  members  of 
the  society  nor  the  public  are  the  better 
enabled,  in  so  far  as  the  report  is  con¬ 
cerned,  to  discriminate  in  their  patronage 
between  the  trustworthy  and  sensational 
seedsmen  and  florists  of  the  country, 
while  it  is  plain  that  a  suspicion  of  dis¬ 
honesty  is  thrown  over  all  alike . 
Prof.  Thomas  Meehan  points  out  that 
it  does  not  seem  to  be  well  known  that 
there  are  two  forms  of  Hydrangea  panicu- 
lata  grandiflora.  Hydrangea  paniculata 
is  a  very  different  plant  from  Hydrangea 
paniculata  grandiflora  The  latter,  as 
our  readers  well  know,  has  a  large,  arti¬ 
ficial-looking  head.  It  is  the  one  in  gen¬ 
eral  cultivation,  blooming  in  late  fall.  It 
is  an  artificial-looking  thing,  notwith¬ 
standing  its  great  popularity.  The  other  - 
form,  Hydrangea  paniculata  simply,  is 
a  much  more  feathery  and  flower-like 
affair.  The  spike  is  long  and  slender, 
and  the  barren  flowers  are  comparatively 
few;  indeed  it  is  particularly  productive, 
producing  an  enormous  amount  of  seed. 
To  many  persons  this  form  is  much  more 
agreeable,  because  less  artificial  than  the 
one  which  is  so  universally  popular.  It 
blooms  in  July . 
Should  a  cow  be  allowed  to  go  dry  ? 
was  a  question  asked  at  a  recent  meeting 
of  a  New  York  farmers’  club.  Mr.  I*.  P. 
Paddock,  as  reported  in  the  Country 
Gentleman,  answered  that  she  should 
not.  He  has  a  Jersey  cow  in  her  16th 
year,  that  has  not  been  dry  in  five  years, 
and  she  is  now  making  2J4  pounds  of 
butter  per  day.  It  has  been  urged  that 
such  treatment  will  soon  “  wear  a  cow 
out,”  but  he  does  not  believe  it.  She  is  a 
machine,  and  if  a  good  one,  should  be 
kept  in  good  repair  and  constantly  run¬ 
ning.  He  believes  it  better  to  have  a 
cow  return  him  3,000  pounds  of  butter  in 
10  years  than  to  be  16  years  doing  it, 
since  he  keeps  her  for  the  money  she 
will  return  him  and  not  for  fun  or  old 
cow  beef. 
The  Aroostook  (Maine)  Pioneer  says 
that  six  acres  of  potatoes  were  dug  in 
four  hours  and  50  minutes  by  a  farmer 
using  the  Rigby  digger.  It  has  done  ex¬ 
cellent  as  well  as  rapid  work  for  Dr.  T. 
II.  Hoskins  and  his  neighbors,  the  past 
fall.  Help  began  with  the  usual  preju¬ 
dice  and  criticism  which  farm  laborers 
and  many  farmers  always  visit  upon  a 
new  implement — and  ended  by  their  re¬ 
fusing  to  dig  in  any  other  way . 
The  Vermont  Watchman  says  that  we 
must  select  our  leaders  not  from  politi¬ 
cians  out  of  a  job,  but  from  among  our 
soundest  and  best  practical  men,  who 
are  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  pro¬ 
gressive  farmer  spirit  and  are  earnestly 
desirous  of  advancing  the  farmers’  inter¬ 
ests  in  a  direct  and  practical  way.  If 
our  American  farmers  could  find  the 
right  leader,  and  would  stick  by  him  as 
the  Irish  stuck  by  Parnell,  the  “  trusts” 
and  “combines,”  and  other  farmer-gut¬ 
ting  frauds  would  go  down  like  forests 
in  the  track  of  a  tornado . 
OIDlfCT  MILLS,  Drag  Saws,  Circlo  Saws, 
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