I  IO 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
February  13 
The  Utopian  Farmer. 
Come  here,  my  dear,  I  want  ter  Bay  a  word  or  two  ter 
you 
'Bout  what  I  think’s  the  proper  thing  for  me  'n'  you 
ter  do. 
Ye’ve  gave  me  mighty  good  advice  since  we  was  wed 
that  day 
Way  back  in  sixty-one,  ’n’  now  I’d  like  to  have  ye 
say 
Ef  you  don’t  think  I’ve  got  a  right  ter  do  as  others 
does. 
’N’  sell  the  crops  before  they  grows,  jest  like  them 
Easterners. 
Why,  Meg.  a  man  out  in  Noo  York  hez  sold  a  lot  o’ 
corn 
Tbet’s  several  thousand  bushels  more  then  what  the 
country's  borne— 
’N’  got  his  money  too,  I'm  told,  ’n’  didn't  have  a  peck 
Of  grain  of  any  kind  in  hand  to  back  his  little  spec. 
He  cleared  a  liundrld  thousand  cash!  ’N’,  Meg. 
that's  more'n  we 
Have  cleared  at  farmin’  all  our  days,  or  ever  will,  by 
gee  I 
’N’  I  can’t  say  I  sees  the  use  o’  workin’  day  by  day 
’N’  only  sellin’  what  we  raise  for  mighty  little  pay. 
When  them  as  hasn't  any  grain  can  sell  up  there  in 
town 
A  million  pecks  of  wheat  ’n’  corn,  ’n’  git  their  money 
down. 
The  modern  plan’s  a  dandy,  Meg,  ’n’  ef  we  makes 
It  go, 
I'll  get  you  that  planner,  ’n’  the  trottin’ -horse  for  Joe. 
We’ll  raise  the  mortgage  off  the  roof,  ’n'  paint  the  old 
barn  red, 
’N’  send  the  gals  to  Paris,  France,  and  buy  a  rose¬ 
wood  bed. 
We’ll  get  new  carpets  for  the  lloors,  ’n’  keep  a  hired 
man, 
Ef  only  I  can  go  to  town  ’n’  learn  to  work  the  plan. 
N’,  mebbe,  Meg,  I'd  make  enough  ter  run  for  Gov¬ 
ernor. 
Or  get  sent  down  to  Washin’ton  a  full-fledged  Sena¬ 
tor. 
1  tell  yer.  gal,  this  is  an  age  thet  beats  creation.  Say, 
What  would  yer  father've  said,  d’ye  think,  if  he  wuz 
here  to-day, 
Ter  see  folks  sellin’  wheat  and  corn’  and  hull  cars 
full  o’  rye. 
N'  ’leven-twelftbs  of  all  they  sold  nowhere  but  in 
their  eye  ? 
How  he  would  yell  ter  think  of  us  a-makin'  of  a  pot 
O’  gold  at  sellin’  fellers  things  we  haven’t  really  gotl 
What’s  that  ye  say  ?  It  isn't  straight  to  sell  what  ye 
don't  own  ? 
N’  if  I  goes  into  the  spec,  I  goes  it  all  alone  ! 
The  music  on  the  plannay  ye  think  would  drive  yer 
mad, 
If  it  was  bought  from  sellin’  things  ye  never  rightly 
had  ? 
Waal,  have  yer  way ;  I’ll  let  It  go;  I  didn’t  mean  no 
harm; 
But  what  Is  straight  in  cities  can’t  be  crooked  on  a 
farm.  — Harpers’s  Weekly. 
Yellow  Butter  on  The 
Green  Mountains. 
MEETING  OF  VERMONT  DAIRYMEN. 
Scientists  becoming  practical  ;  factory  vs. 
home  butter;  concentrating  cows;  why 
Canadian  cheese  leads ;  bams  that 
breed  disease ;  cows  for  New  England  ; 
training  the  calf. 
The  annual  meeting  of  the  Vermont 
Dairymen’s  Association,  at  Brattleboro, 
like  all  its  recent  meetings,  was  a  grand 
success.  When  the  earlier  meetings  of 
this  association  were  held,  it  did  not  take 
a  very  large  room  in  a  country  hotel  to 
accommodate  all  who  wanted  to  attend. 
Now  the  largest  halls  of  our  cities  and 
large  villages  are  barely  sufficient  to 
properly  accommodate  the  crowd  from  our 
own  State,  to  say  nothing  of  the  increas¬ 
ing  number  of  visitors  from  abroad. 
Now,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  such  ag¬ 
ricultural  journals  as  The  Rural  New- 
Yorker  are  to  be  credited  as  the  exciting 
cause  of  much  of  this  remarkable  prog¬ 
ress.  The  farmers  are  becoming  a  read¬ 
ing  people. 
The  most  important  questions  discussed 
were  those  relating  to  the  art  of  manu¬ 
facturing  the  finest  butter  and  cheese. 
Our  scientific  speakers  are  proving  them¬ 
selves  to  be  extremely  practical.  Not 
only  are  they  now  provided  through  the 
aid  furnished  by  the  General  Govern¬ 
ment  with  laboratories,  apparatus  and 
chemical  supplies,  but  they  have  under 
their  hands  fields,  barns  and  beasts;  and 
they  are  thus  fitted  to  encounter  in  the 
most  practical  manner  precisely  the 
problems  which  the  farmer  meets  at 
every  turn.  Being  thus  equipped  on  both 
sides,  while  the  practical  farmer  can 
grapple  only  with  one,  they  are  enabled 
to  first  find  out,  and  next  to  study  and  in 
time  solve  the  great  questions  of  the  farm 
in  a  way  which  the  farmers  quickly  rec¬ 
ognize  as  just  what  they  need,  and  can 
get  in  no  other  way. 
One  of  the  leading  speakers  was  Prof. 
Cooke,  of  our  experiment  station,  on  the 
subject  of  cheese  making.  He  recapitu¬ 
lated  clearly  in  an  extemporaneous  talk 
the  bottom  facts  of  the  art.  No  factory 
should  make  cheese  and  butter  from  the 
same  milk.  When  the  cows  are  yielding 
more  than  four  per  cent  of  butter  fats, 
run  on  butter;  when  less,  on  cheese.  lie 
admitted  that  our  best  dairy  butter  is 
more  solid  and  sweeter,  and  will  keep 
much  better  than  factory  butter.  But 
he  failed  to  explain  why  it  is  that  the 
factory  butter  generally  leads  in  price, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  of  the  largest 
and  best  private  dairies.  However,  the 
problem  is  not  a  very  deep  one. 
John  Gould,  of  Ohio,  is  a  native  Ver¬ 
monter.  No  man  knows  better  how  to 
combine  sound  instruction  with  soul- 
searching  wit.  The  same  amount  of 
knowledge  (if  the  speaker  has  it),  might 
be  droned  out  to  an  audience  with  little 
effect ;  but  Gould  yokes  science  to  wit  in 
a  way  to  make  science  memorable  for¬ 
ever.  His  short,  but  pithy  talk  on  do¬ 
mestic  butter-making  penetrated  both 
heart  and  brain  and  the  rows  of  bright¬ 
eyed  dairy-women  in  the  front  seats  plied 
their  pencils  with  all  the  speed  their 
laughter  would  allow. 
A  tall  and  typical  Yankee  is  our  own 
William  Chapin,  a  farmer  of  700  acres  of 
hill  land,  member  of  the  Board  of  Agri¬ 
culture  for  many  years,  and  a  man  full 
of  dry  wit  of  the  old  Yankee  sort.  He 
gave  his  hearers  a  talk  on  the  Needs  of 
Vermont  Farmers,  in  which  he  empha¬ 
sized  the  necessity  of  closer  relations 
with  consumers,  better  country  roads, 
better  common  schools,  a  fairer  recog¬ 
nition  of  the  farmer  in  social  and  political 
life,  concert  in  action,  and  “indepen¬ 
dence  of  all  save  the  mercies  of  God.” 
He  declared  that  the  Grange  has  done 
splendid  work  in  uniting  the  farmers, 
and  that  all  we  need  is  faith  in  our  call¬ 
ing,  and  in  the  Providence  that  helps 
those  who  help  themselves. 
T.  D.  Curtis,  one  of  the  oldest  experts 
in  America  in  the  art  of  cheese  making, 
gave  a  history  of  the  contest  between  the 
advocates  of  the  sweet  and  sour  methods 
of  cheese  making,  showing  how  the 
sweet  method  has  triumphed,  lie  advo¬ 
cated  concentration  in  the  cow  stables, 
by  the  exclusion  of  all  cows  below  a  cer¬ 
tain  high  standard,  as  a  condition  of 
profit.  Slaughtering  the  poorer  half  of 
the  cows  in  the  average  dairy  will  not 
reduce  the  product  more  than  25  per 
cent,  while  it  saves  half  the  room,  half 
the  time,  half  the  work  and  half  the  in¬ 
vestment  in  apparatus.  This  is  a  kind 
of  “  boiling  down  ”  which  should  receive 
more  thought  from  our  dairy  farmers. 
The  daily  wastes  on  American  dairy 
farms  are  enough  to  make  a  wiser  people 
rich. 
One  of  the  most  gratifying  elements  of 
the  meeting  was  the  presence  of  several 
of  the  leading  dairy  workers  of  Canada  ; 
among  them  being  the  Hon.  Jas.  W. 
Robinson,  Dominion  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  ;  Ed.  A.  Barnard,  Esq.,  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Agriculture  for  Quebec,  and 
others.  The  last  named  gentleman  ex¬ 
hibited  in  the  Machinery  Hall,  a  large 
and  beautifully  constructed  model  of  a 
dairy  barn,  which  attracted  a  continuous 
crowd  of  admiring  students.  It  had  the 
horse-shoe  truss  roof,  of  a  different  con¬ 
struction  from  that  not  long  since  illus¬ 
trated  in  The  R.  N.-Y.,  and  unpatented. 
It  provided  thoroughly,  under  one  roof, 
in  a  building  50x110  feet,  for  a  large 
dairy  of  cows,  as  well  as  a  horse  stable, 
carriage  house,  three  large  silos,  turn¬ 
table  for  wagons,  hennery,  swinery,  and 
various  other  accommodations,  at  a  re¬ 
markably  small  expense — the  adaptation 
of  the  balloon  frame  in  connection  with 
the  truss  roof  making  all  heavy  timber¬ 
ing  unnecessary. 
Commissioner  Robertson  gave  a  very 
full  account  of  the  manufacture  and 
methods  of  the  Canadian  cheese  factories 
under  government  supervision.  His  main 
point,  and  the  one  which  has  so  rapidly 
pushed  Canadian  cheese  in  advance  of  the 
American  product  in  foreign  markets, 
was  the  self-evident  one  that  “prices 
will  always  be  kept  up,  if  the  quality  is 
maintained.”  First,  we  must  have  pleas¬ 
ing  flavor.  The  cheese  should  suit 
those  who  eat  it.  There  should  be  a  full- 
cream  flavor,  that  indicates  an  adequate 
quantity  of  butter  fat.  There  is  no  reason 
except  unsatisfactory  goods  why  cheese 
should  not  be  one  of  the  staple  articles  of 
food  here,  as  it  is  in  Europe.  Ninety  per 
cent  of  the  people  say  cheese  does  not 
agree  with  them.  The  cheese  maker 
must  produce  a  good  and  easily  digested 
cheese,  and  it  can  be  done.  Cleanliness, 
all  through  from  the  cow,  is  an  essential 
point.  The  mischievous  microbe  that 
makes  the  lactic  acid,  must  be  evaded  by 
prompt  and  skillful  work.  Nine  ounces 
of  rennet  do  not  cure  cheese  any  faster 
than  three  ounces.  Solid  floors  and  no 
jarring  are  essential  all  over  the  factory 
and  curing  rooms.  In  cutting  the  curd 
too  much  care  cannot  be  taken,  and  soon 
with  the  entire  handling.  This  is  but  a 
slight  sketch  of  a  most  thorough  lecture. 
Mr.  W.  II.  Bowker  gave  a  thoughtful 
address  on  the  Sanitation  of  the  Farm, 
in  which  he  warned  farmers  of  the  dan¬ 
gers  to  be  feared  from  well  water  which 
may  be  unconsciously  receiving  drainage 
from  barns  and  stables.  He  believes  that 
25  per  cent  of  our  New  England  farms  are 
suffering  from  this,  and  that  it  accounts 
for  the  large  percentage  of  typhoid  fever 
and  dysenteric  affections  in  rural  New 
England — being  in  excess  even  of  the 
worst  portions  of  the  cities. 
Mr.  George  Aiken,  manager  of  the  Bill¬ 
ings  Farm,  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  talked  well 
on  the  subject  of  Breeding  the  Dairy  Cow. 
He  deprecated  the  notion  of  a  general- 
purpose  cow,  and  said  that  what  we  need 
are  special-purpose  cows — Ayrshires  for 
cheese,  Jerseys  for  butter.  His  audience 
was  plainly  with  him  on  this  matter.  An 
interesting  point  was  made  in  relation  to 
the  “collapsed  udder.”  He  declared  that 
none  of  the  great  butter  makers  among 
our  cows  show  a  collapsed  udder  after 
milking,  but  rather  the  reverse. 
Mr.  C.  M.  Winslow,  of  Brandon,  Vt., 
also  advocated  the  Ayrshires,  and  thought, 
that  the  dairymen  of  New  England  do 
not  need  to  cultivate  any  other  type  of 
cow  than  the  Jerseys  and  Ayrshires. 
( Continued  on  next  page.) 
If  you  name  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  our  advertisers  you 
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treatment. 
MADE  ONLY  BY 
PORTER  BLANCHARD’S  SONS  GO., 
Now  located  at  NASHUA,  N.  H. 
P WFT  A  T  JTPP  Factory  and  Family  Churns  and 
ViiiWMuHl&Wi  Butler  Workers,  Butter  Packages, 
Molds,  Carriers,  Milk  Testers,  Thermometers, 
&c.,  4cc.,  &c.  We  make  or  furnish  everythlnt' 
needed  in  a  Butter  Factory  or  Family  Dairy. 
Boyd’s  Process  of  Ripening  Cream. 
Insures  uniformity  of  butter.  Dis¬ 
penses  with  Ice  in  the  dairy.  The 
best  results  in  quantity  and  quality 
of  product  guaranteed.  One  at  whole¬ 
sale  where  there  is  no  agent.  Send  lor 
circular  to 
JOHN  BOYI),  Patantee  and  ITJ’f’r, 
199  Lake  Street,  Cliicaso,  III. 
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ASHES  "S™1  ASHES 
I  have  choice  Canada  Unleached  Hardwood  Ashes, 
screened  and  In  store  ready  for  direct  shipment,  in 
car  lots  of  12  to  20  tons  In  bulk  or  in  sacks.  Ashes 
sent  subject  to  your  acceptance,  giving  60  days  to 
pay,  and  to  satisfy  yon  that  my  Ashes  are  pure,  un¬ 
adulterated,  unused  Unleached  Hardwood  Ashes. 
For  price,  sample  and  other  information,  mention 
this  paper  and  address  .JOHN  .JOYNT, 
St.  Helen’s,  Ontario,  Canada. 
Upon  our  250  acres 
of  Nursery  we  have  ev¬ 
ery  family  of  Trees 
and  Plants  hardy  in  a 
northern  climate;  whet¬ 
her  fruit,  ornamental, 
nut  or  flowering. 
Among  the  numer- 
_ _  ous  choice  new  sorts 
areLovett’s  Best  Black¬ 
berry,  Beebe  and  Lov¬ 
ett’s  Early  Strawberries,  Japan  Wineberry, 
Green  Mt.  Grape,  Lincoln  Plum,  Hardy  Or¬ 
ange,  Japan  Walnuts,  Ice  King  Primrose,  Ev- 
erblooming  Spireas,  etc. 
All  are  accurately  described  and  quoted  at 
half  the  price  of  tree  agents  in  Lovett’sGuide 
to  Horticulture,  the  most  complete  and  elab¬ 
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lishment  in  the  world.  The  book  is  richly  il¬ 
lustrated  and  is  replete  with  notes  on  purchas¬ 
ing,  planting,  pruning,  care  and  culture.  Mail¬ 
ed  free;  with  colored  plates,  10c. 
Shipments  to  distant  points  a  Speciaty. 
Orchard  &  Garden,  an  illustrated  month¬ 
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tertaining;  50c.  a  year. 
J.  T.  LOVETT  bo.,  Little  Silver,  N,  J. 
(EXCELSIOR)  New  England’s  Hardy 
FROST-1 
PROOF 
PEACH 
Fruits  when  nil  others  fail.  See  testimony,  des- 
eription,  and  colored  plates,  which  will  be  sent  Free. 
THE  .SWINDLE  A.HrtNG  NEW  STHAW- 
.  „  BERRIES  FOR  18512 
fully  exposed  in  our  Catalogue  Read  and  consider  be 
fore  investing  money  in  new  fruits.  Trees.  Pin  ill  s  and 
V  lues  of  best  new  and  old  vari eties,  for  sale  cheap. 
0  ,  G.  H.  4  J.  H.  HALE, 
Bend  for  catalogue.  South  Glastonbury,  Conn. 
STRAWBERRY  ES 
ANTS  by  mail,  300  of  4  kinds, 
early  to  late,  only  8I1.  By  Ex.  per 
1,000,  $1  and  up.  Best  plants  and  packing.  Brice  list 
free.  All  berry  plants. 
SLAYMAKER  &  SON,  Dover,  Del. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS. 
Michel’s  Early,  Clouds,  Hoffman,  etc.  $2  per  1,000. 
FRED.  .1.  WARNER,  Bartlett,  Tenn. 
Prices. 
-  .  rostp _ _ _  „„„ 
V.  STONEItOAD,  Rewistown,  I’a. 
POTATOES 
Best  new  and  all  standard 
varieties.  Free  distribution  of 
a  New  Extra  Early  variety. 
Beautiful  illustrated  cata- 
logue.free.  E.  H.  VICK,  331  Park  Ave.,  Rochester,  N. Y. 
Every  reader  of  this  paper 
who  is  interested  In  STRAW¬ 
BERRIES  to  send  for  my 
Illustrated  and  Descriptive  Strawberry  Catalogue 
Free.  Send  now,  it  will  pay  you. 
W.  F.  ALLEN,  JR.,  Salisbury,  Md. 
HIGH-BRED  Seed  Potatoes.  One  ban-el  worth  two 
of  Northern  Seed.  All  that  grow  Irish  Potatoes 
should  have  my  catalogue  free  with  testimonials 
J.  W.  HALL,  Marion  Station,  Md. 
SAM’L  B.  WOODS,  LEWIS  D.  AYLETT, 
Mayor  City  of  Charlottes-  Formerly  Treasurer 
ville.  Va.  Commissioner  Georgia  Pacific  R.R. 
of  Virginia.  Virginia; 
ALBEMARLE  COUNTY. 
The  great  fruit,  grain  and  stock  raising  section  of 
the  State.  Winters  mild  and  short.  Scenery  beautiful. 
Health  fine.  Near  the  great  markets.  Educational 
advantages  unsurpassed. 
Land  Good  !  Prices  Cheap  !  Taxes  Low  ! 
Farms  and  City  property  for  sale.  Write  to 
WOODij  di  AYLETT,  Charlottesville,  Va. 
CLAREMONT  Land  Association, 
Offers  600  choice  farms;  3,000  handsome  town 
lots  on  James  River,  with  terms  to  suit  purchasers 
Free  circular. 
Orange  Groves  and  Orange  Lands  for  Sale. 
Several  orange  groves  of  different  sizes  with  houses 
on  them,  and  surrounded  by  good  fertile  land  ready 
for  cultivation  and  inclosed  by  good  fences,  all  situ¬ 
ated  in  the  Phosphate  Belt  of  Middle  Florida,  west 
of  the  Florida  Southern  Railroad,  and  between 
Ocala  and  Rrooksvllle.  where  labor  has  now  become 
plentiful,  can  be  purchased  at  very  reasonable  cash 
figures.  Also  some  very  fine  farming  and  orange 
lands  in  lots  of  40  to  160  acres;  beautifully  located 
for  garden  and  grove  purposes. 
For  terms  and  information  apply  to 
MARION  PHOSPHATE  CO.,  Savannah,  Ga 
LOESER  ORANGE  GROVE. 
Choicest  property  on  St.  John’s  Kiver, 
opposite  City  of  Palatka,  Fla  ,  will  be 
sold  at  Public  Sale,  at  Putnam  House, 
Palatka,  12  m.  March  16.  Sale  positive; 
owner  about  to  reside  in  Europe.  Terms 
easy.  For  map  and  descriptive  circular 
apply,  Manager  Loeser  Grove,  Palatka, 
Fla.,  or 
Frederick  Loeser,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
