1 54 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
March  5 
Draining-  That  Wet  Field. 
H.  M.,  So.  Bloomfield,  N.  Y. — For  the 
solution  of  the  land  problem  propounded 
by  F.  S,,  on  page  101  of  The  R.  N.-Y.,  a 
knowledge  of  the  lay  of  contiguous  land 
is  required.  If  there  is  even  a  slight  fall 
in  the  adjacent  fields  and  F.  S.,  is  not 
owner  of  them  and  cannot  get  the  con¬ 
sent  of  the  owner  to  run  a  drain  through 
them,  he  may  have  recourse  to  another 
plan.  If  the  meadow  under  considera¬ 
tion  is  of  sufficient  size  to  warrant  some 
expense  over  that  entailed  by  doing  the 
work  in  the  usual  way,  then  put  a  drain 
with  large  tile  across  the  lowest  part  of 
the  field.  This  need  not  have  a  greater 
fall  than  half  an  inch  to  the  rod  and 
should  end  in  a  reservoir  10  feet  in  di¬ 
ameter  and  about  the  same  in  depth. 
Run  parallel  drains  at  right  angles  to  the 
main  one.  Put  a  cheap  windmill  with  a 
pump  over  the  reservoir,  rigged  with  a 
float  to  put  it  in  or  out  of  gear  as  the  well 
is  full  or  empty.  Then  if  F.  S.  will  raise 
an  embankment  on  his  own  land  and 
pump  the  water  over  it,  the  land  will  be 
drained  if  the  work  be  well  done.  As  to 
the  queries  :  1.  Lime  will  sweeten  the 
soil.  2.  Celery. 
Crimson  Clover  Only  for  Open  Winters. 
Henry  Stewart,  North  Carolina. — 
The  suggestion  to  a  Pennsylvania  cor¬ 
respondent  that  possibly  Crimson  Clover 
might  be  grown  in  the  late  summer  to  be 
turned  under  in  the  spring,  is  a  mistake. 
Too  much  has  been  said  in  favor  of  this 
plant  without  the  requisite  qualification 
that  it  is  useful  only  where  the  winters 
are  open,  and  growth  may  go  on  continu¬ 
ally  so  that  the  plant  may  become  large 
enough  to  be  of  service.  It  will  not  do 
this  in  any  part  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is 
30  years  since  1,  then  in  Pennsylvania, 
Sent  to  England  for  some  seed  to  try  it. 
An  old  farmer,  a  neighbor,  told  me  it  was 
useless  to  try  it,  as  it  would  not  make  a 
growth  large  enough  to  be  of  any  use ; 
nor  would  the  common  Red  Clover.  How¬ 
ever,  I  sowed  five  acres  to  give  it  a  trial, 
getting  the  seed  in  on  well  prepared 
land,  from  which  I  had  just  taken  a  crop 
of  wheat  that  yielded  something  over  400 
bushels  on  13  acres,  The  result  was  a 
complete  failure  ;  the  plant  made  a  fair 
growth  up  to  the  first  frost,  when  it 
stopped,  barely  covering  the  ground.  In 
the  spring  it  started  a  little  by  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  May,  and  if  all  had  been  raked  up 
with  a  small  comb,  there  would  not  have 
been  half  a  ton  on  the  five  acres.  Crimson 
Clover  may  be  of  use  where  the  growth 
will  go  on  all  the  winter,  but  nowhere 
else. 
Disease  of  Plums,  Peaches  and  Cherries. 
T.  M.  R.,  Faerview,  Pa. — On  page  753 
of  The  R.  N.-Y.  for  1891,  E.  B.  H.,  of 
Knowlton,  Iowa,  asks  why  his  plums  rot, 
and  the  mishap  is  attributed  to  the  cur- 
culio.  I  wish  to  call  out  the  experience 
of  those  who,  like  myself,  have  suffered 
loss  from  a  fungous  disease  which  attacks 
plums,  peaches  and  cherries.  I  was  not 
acquainted  with  the  disease  until  the  past 
season,  when  it  visited  my  peach  orchard 
and  destroyed  loads  of  fruit. 
In  Farm  and  Fireside  I  found  the  fol¬ 
lowing  account  of  it:  “  The  disease  af¬ 
fecting  your  plums  is  known  as  Moiulia. 
It  attacks  peaches  and  cherries  as  well  as 
plums.  The  fungus  (Moiulia  fructigena) 
lives  over  winter  in  the  fruit  it  has  de¬ 
stroyed  in  summer,  and  perhaps  some¬ 
times  in  the  twig's  of  the  trees,  as  these 
are  sometimes  affected  with  it  and  appear 
as  if  blighted.  The  proper  treatment  is 
to  destroy  by  burning  or  burying  deeply 
in  the  soil  all  rotted  fruit,  whether  on  the 
trees  or  not.  Owing-  to  the  rapid  devel¬ 
opment  of  this  fungus,  and  the  fact  that 
its  presence  does  not  become  known  until 
the  mold  (spores)  appears  on  the  fruit, 
at  which  time  it  is  reproducing  itself, 
little  is  generally  accomplished  by  direct 
treatment.  Its  spread  may  be  checked 
after  the  mold  appears  by  the  application 
of  flowers  of  sulphur.  Some  experiments 
have  been  made  where  the  fruit  was 
saved  by  spraying  with  the  ammoniacal 
solution  of  carbonate  of  copper,  as  rec¬ 
ommended  for  the  downy  mildew  of  the 
grape,  and  it  is  the  treatment  I  believe 
most  certain.  But  all  the  rotted  fruit 
must  certainly  be  destroyed,  and  the 
spraying  must  be  done  before  any  new 
sign  of  the  mold  is  seen.  Like  most  other 
fungi,  it  is  most  prevalent  during  or  after 
warm,  moist  weather.” 
I  find  a  description  of  a  fungous  enemy 
of  plums,  by  Clarence  M.  Weed  in  Green’s 
Fruit  Grower,  under  the  name  of  “Brown 
Rot,”  which  exactly  corresponds  to  this 
one.  The  treatment  recommended  is 
very  much  the  same. 
These  descriptions  agree  with  the  dis¬ 
ease  which  affected  my  peaches,  com¬ 
mencing  upon  the  early  ones,  Alexander, 
Amsden,  June  and  Schumaker,  and  con¬ 
tinuing  on  other  varieties  until  into  Sep¬ 
tember.  Foster  was  more  nearly  exempt 
than  any  other,  ripening  from  July  to 
the  middle  of  September,  but  Smock  and 
others  ripening  after  that  date  were  not 
affected.  I  have  some  very  fine  seedlings, 
which  ripened  in  October,  which  it  did 
not  affect,  although  they  stand  where 
the  limbs  interlock  on  three  sides  with 
trees  covered  with  dried  and  decayed 
peaches  thus  affected.  These  seedlings 
were  from  eight  to  nine  inches  in  circum- 
ferance,  a  nice  yellow,  with  red  cheeks, 
perfect  free-stones,  red  at  the  seed  end, 
and  some  kept  until  well  into  November. 
We  had  fresh,  ripe  peaches  for  the  table 
over  four  months,  in  spite  of  the  disease, 
which,  I  think,  was  made  worse  owing 
to  the  location  of  the  orchard,  which 
is  planted  on  a  northwest  slope  with 
woods  on  the  east  and  south,  as  it  was 
located  with  the  idea  of  keeping  the  buds 
back  in  the  spring. 
Now,  I  wish  to  inquire  of  those  who 
have  had  experience  with  this  disease,  if 
plowing  these  rotted  peaches  under  will 
destroy  the  spores,  as  I  plowed  a  portion 
of  my  orchard  early  in  the  fall.  Will  a 
good  dressing  of  wood  ashes  or  air-slaked 
lime  destroy  them  ? 
I  followed  The  R.  N.-Y.  directions  last 
spring  with  potato  ball  seed,  and  grew 
one-half  bushel  of  tubers,  some  of  which 
will  weigh  nearly  a  pound,  and  some  of 
the  vines  bore  seed  balls,  so  I  have  saved 
seed  from  them  again. 
Whole  Wheat  Flour. 
G.  S.  1\,  Winslow,  Me. — We  used 
“wholewheat  flour”  for  several  years. 
It  makes  a  delicious  bread,  of  a  yellow 
color,  and,  though  relished  for  a  meal  or 
two,  does  not  “wear.”  For  me  it  seems 
too  hearty,  and  is  not  so  easily  digested 
as  that  from  the  finest  white  flour,  and 
we  seldom  use  it  now.  As  we  are  very 
fond  of  fresh  Graham,  with  the  coarsest 
bran  sifted  out,  and  generally  have 
“  gems  ”  for  breakfast,  and  the  children 
cry  for  them,  we  don’t  use  the  whole 
wheat  so  much.  The  finest  and  whitest 
of  flour  seems  to  fill  the  bill  with  us  bet¬ 
ter  than  anything  else  we  can  get,  and 
our  family  is  supported  to  a  great  extent 
by  the  staff  of  life.  I  am  convinced  that 
the  whole  wheat  is  not  so  good  for  us 
as  the  other  kind,  and  certainly  it  is  not 
in  great  demand  by  young  or  old,  though 
the  bread  always  seems  remarkably  nice. 
E.  A.  P.,  Chatham,  Pa. — In  The  Rural 
of  February  6,  a  writer  speaks  editorially 
of  whole  wheat  flour,  and  urges  its  use  in 
place  of  the  poor,  starchy  white  flour  al¬ 
most  universally  consumed  by  Americans. 
Thanks  for  the  advice;  it  is  timely  and  to 
the  point.  But  we  need  not  go  to  Eng¬ 
land  to  procure  a  first-class  article  of 
flour  made  from  the  entire  wheat;  not 
the  old-fashioned,  coarse  “Graham”  flour, 
but  a  finely  ground  flour  of  a  golden 
brown  color,  rich  in  the  gju.0ii^hatee  and 
gluten  so  essential  for  the  nourishment 
of  our  bodies.  Three  mills  in  Lockport 
and  one  in  Scottsville,  N.  Y.,  are  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  it,  and  are  produc¬ 
ing  flour  second  to  none  in  the  world. 
It  is  coming  into  more  general  use  every 
year;  and  1  hope  The  Rural  will  spread 
the  knowledge  of  it.  Too  long  already 
have  we  starved  our  children  by  feeding 
them  on  white  bread.  Poor  bones,  weak 
muscles  and  feeble  nerves  are  the  results, 
causing  poor  teeth,  and  impaired  diges¬ 
tion,  with  all  its  attendant  train  of  evils. 
Potato  Stalk  Weevil. 
L.  C.  Corbett,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. — In  The 
Rural  of  February  20,  I  find  a  brief  no¬ 
tice  of  my  report  on  “  Vegetables,”  at 
the  Western  New  York  Horticultural 
Convention  at  Rochester,  and  in  it  it  is 
reported  that  I  advised,  as  the  sole 
known  remedy,  the  burning  of  the  roots 
of  the  potato  plant  and,  in  parenthesis  on 
page  121,  the  writer  says — “  I  do  not  see 
how  one  can  do  that.  ”  It  is  only  an  over¬ 
sight  on  the  part  of  the  reporter.  The 
word  vines  or  tops  should  have  been  used 
in  the  place  of  roots.  The  only  known 
remedy  is  to  gather  and  burn  all  vines 
as  fast  as  they  are  found  to  be  infested, 
which  is  indicated  by  the  sun-burnt  ap¬ 
pearance  of  the  vine;  it  wilts,  turns 
brown  and  soon  dies.  All  vines  left  in 
the  field  at  digging  time  should  be  gath¬ 
ered  and  subjected  to  the  same  treatment. 
This  pest  has  made  its  appearance  in  cen¬ 
tral  western  New  York,  and  all  farmers 
not  familiar  with  it  should  be  informed 
of  its  importance  and  be  on  the  look  out, 
and  use  every  precaution  to  check  its 
spread. 
( Continued  mi  next  page.) 
#U$reUattMU0 
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The  Crip 
Has  shown  by  Its  sudden  attacks,  Its  terrible  prostra¬ 
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