i7o 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
March  12 
Oats. — As  compared  with  wheat,  which 
is  commonly  considered  the  most  exact¬ 
ing1  of  all  the  grains  on  the  soil,  we  find 
that  an  average  crop  of  oats  takes  more 
fertility  from  the  land  than  an  equivalent 
yield  of  wheat.  This  is  shown  by  the 
following  figures  taken  from  the  Roth- 
amsted  reports  : 
COMPOSITION  OF  THK  DRY  MATTER  OF 
46  Bushels  of  30  Bushels  of 
Anil . 
Oats. 
Pounds. 
194 
Wheat. 
Pounds. 
189 
Nitrogen . 
52 
45 
Sulphur . 
8 
8 
Potash  . 
38 
28 
Soda . 
7  a 
3  \i 
Lime . 
12 
10 
Magnesia . 
9 
7 
Phosphoric  acid.. 
20 
23 
Chlorine . 
(> 
2 
It  is  thus  seen, 
says  Henry  Stewart  in 
the  New  York  Times,  that  3,978  pounds 
of  grain  and  straw  of  the  oats  take  more 
of  every  element  of  plant  food  from  the 
soil  than  4,183  pounds  of  the  grain  and 
straw  of  wheat,  except  the  three  pounds 
of  phosphoric  acid  which  the  wheat  takes 
more  than  the  oats.  This  is  very  dif¬ 
ferent  from  the  prevailing  opinion  of 
farmers,  who  are  apt  to  believe  that  oats 
may  be  grown  on  much  less  fertile  land 
than  wheat.  The  result  is  that  one  very 
rarely  finds  a  really  good  crop  of  oats, 
and  the  quantity  as  well  as  the  quality 
of  this  grain  produced  per  acre  is  rarely 
of  any  profit  to  the  grower.  And  yet 
some  growers  do  secure  excellent  and 
most  profitable  crops  of  this  grain  by  the 
best  method  of  culture,  based  on  the  re¬ 
quirements  of  the  plant.  We  read  of  or 
sometimes  see  a  yield  of  75  or  80  bushels 
to  the  acre  of  grain  weighing  nearly 
twice  the  average  of  the  ordinary  crops, 
and  there  are  a  good  many  cases  in  which 
oats  are  really  the  most  paying  crop 
grown  on  the  farm.  The  reason  why 
this  is  uncommon  is,  first,  that  its  char¬ 
acter  as  an  exhaustive  crop  is  not  gen¬ 
erally  known ;  second,  that  manure  is 
very  rarely  given  to  it,  and,  third,  that 
the  procuring  of  the  best  kinds  of  seed  is 
commonly  neglected . ....... . 
Ykabs  ago  The  R.  N.-Y.  set  out  to  see 
how  large  a  yield  of  oats  it  could  raise  on 
a  half  acre  of  land  that  had  been  in  sod 
for  years.  About  1,200  pounds  to  the 
acre  of  a  high-grade  complete  fertilizer 
was  used — the  oats  drilled  in  (one 
bushel  to  the  acre),  the  drills  about 
eight  inches  apart.  The  variety  was 
Mold’s  Improved  black  Tartarian. 
They  grew  to  the  height  of  six 
feet ;  the  stems  and  leaves  were  of  re¬ 
markable  size  ;  the  one-sided  racemes  of 
oats  large  and  heavy.  It  was  predicted 
by  good  farmers  that  the  half  acre  would 
yield  50  bushels  of  oats — not  by  weight, 
but  by  measure.  The  black  Tartarian 
oats  rarely  weigh  over  28  pounds  to  the 
bushel  as  grown  on  Long  Island.  Just 
as  the  oats  were  in  the  milk  stage,  a 
gale  lodged  them  in  every  part  of  the  field. 
We  want  all  our  readers  so  situated 
as  to  be  able  to  try  experiments  without 
being  made  unhappy  should  they  turn 
out  unprofitable,  to  raise  a  few  Indian 
Games . . . . . . . 
Hellebore* — the  same  that  is  used  for 
killing  the  currant  worm — is  said  by 
those  who  have  tried  it  to  be  a  sure 
poison  for  the  onion  and  cabbage-root 
maggots.  Dr.  Hoskins  directs  that  we 
remove  a  little  of  the  soil  around  each 
plant,  and  pour  in  half  a  teacupful  of  a 
decoction  made  by  steeping  two  ounces 
of  fresh  white  hellebore  powder  in  three 
gallons  of  hot  water.  Replace  the  soil, 
and  the  maggot  dies.  It  seems  to  be 
killed  by  mere  wetting  with  the  poison, 
as  it  dies  very  quickly.  If  the  hellebore 
decoction  is  thrown  in  forcibly  with  a 
syringe  it  is  more  effective . 
During  the  last  few  years  a  special 
effort  has  been  made  in  the  way  of  prop¬ 
agating  new  varieties  of  pineapples,  by 
Mr.  W.  Saunders,  the  superintendent  of 
the  gardens  of  the  United  States  Agri¬ 
cultural  Department.  In  pretentious 
gardens  in  Europe,  pineapples  are  grown 
in  great  perfection  in  hot-houses,  and 
many  distinct  fine  varieties  have  been 
produced.  Mr.  Saunders  has  imported 
every  one  of  these  and  progagated  them, 
and  disseminated  them  in  Florida,  where 
they  would  be  likely  to  thrive.  This  is 
one  of  the  chief  objects  of  the  Agricul¬ 
tural  Department — to  introduce  and  make 
known  new  and  useful  varieties  of  plants, 
and  thereby  add  to  the  number  and  im¬ 
portance  of  our  agricultural  and  horti¬ 
cultural  crops. 
Mr.  W.  Falconer  says,  in  the  Country 
Gentleman,  that  a  few  years  ago  oranges 
were  the  specialty  in  Mr.  Saunders’s  de¬ 
partment,  and  thousands  upon  thousands 
of  plants  of  new  varieties  were  propagated 
and  disseminated  from  there.  Indeed,  it  is 
said  that  the  Washington  Navel  Orange 
sent  out  from  that  department  has  been 
of  more  value  to  our  orange  growers  than 
the  total  expense  of  maintaining  the 
Agricultural  Department  from  its  origin 
till  now . 
Bulletin  No.  80  of  the  Michigan  Ex¬ 
periment  Station,  under  the  charge  of 
T.  T.  Lyon,  though  for  the  most  part  a 
report  of  fruits,  has  to  say  of  six  named 
varieties  of  asparagus  under  trial  that, 
except  in  the  single  case  of  the  Palmetto, 
which  produces  larger  and  taller  shoots 
than  the  others,  there  is  practically  no 
difference  between  them . 
We  would  respectfully  request  Pres. 
Lyon,  as  well  as  Prof.  Green  of  the  Ohio 
Station,  to  cover  several  so-called  female 
asparagus  plants  in  such  a  way  as  to  pro¬ 
tect  them  from  the  pollen  of  the  males. 
The  object  is  to  ascertain  whether  these 
so-called  females  are  not  sometimes,  if 
not  always,  bisexual.  It  is  perhaps  12 
ion  :  Summer  Doyenffi*,  Tyson,  Sterling, 
Clapp’s  Favorite,  Bartlett,  Howell,  Onon¬ 
daga,  Bose,  Anjou  and  Lawrence . 
The  following  list  of  varieties  of  apples 
is  selected  for  a  family  orchard,  to  supply 
dessert,  culinary  and  sweet  varieties  in 
succession,  from  early  August  till  the 
opening  of  the  small  fruit  season,  nam¬ 
ing  them,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  in  the 
order  of  maturing : 
Early  Harvest.  Rhode  Island  Greening. 
Early  Strawberry.  Jonathan. 
Primate.  Munson  Sweet. 
Chenango.  Dyer. 
Sweet  Bough.  Talman  Sweet. 
Garden  Royal.  Shiawassee. 
Jersey  Sweet.  Hubbardston. 
St.  Lawrence.  Golden  Russet. 
Jefferls.  Roxbury  Russet. 
Keswick.  Northern  Spy. 
Lady  Sweet.  • 
The  following  market  varieties  will 
afford  a  succession,  for  a  local  market, 
for  a  similar  period  : 
Early  Harvest.  Hubbardston. 
Red  Astrachan.  Rhode  Island  Greening. 
Malden  Blush.  Baldwin. 
Lowell.  Red  Canada  (top  graft.) 
Shlawasse.  Roxbury  Russet. 
( Continued  on  next  page.) 
gfUKcllatwous  ^Arjerti^tng. 
If  you  name  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  our  advertisers  you 
may  be  pretty  sure  of  prompt  replies  and  right 
treatment. 
Prevent  the  Crip 
Dr.  Cyrus  Edson  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Health 
says  that  to  prevent  the  Grip,  you  should  avoid  ex¬ 
posure  In  Inclement  weather,  and  keep  your  strength 
up,  your  blood  In  good  condition,  and  your  digestive 
organs  In  regular  action.  The  tonic  and  alterative 
effects  of  Hood’s  Sarsaparilla  so  happily  meet  the 
last  three  conditions,  that  with  the  protection  given 
by  this  medicine  you  need  not  fear  the  Grip. 
Hood’s  Sarsaparilla 
Is  an  inexpensive  medicine  and  a  single  bottle  may 
save  you  many  dollars  in  doctors’  bills  and  much 
suffering.  Truly,  an  ounce  of  preventive  is  worth  a 
pound  of  cure. 
HOOD’S  PILLS  are  the  best  family  cathartic  and 
liver  medicine.  Harmless,  reliable,  sure. 
IU/jQU  Every  reader  of  this  pai>er  nrrnft  I 
If  lOll  to  try  my  superior,  tested  ULLLIu.  * 
,  I  offer  the  following  “STAR  COLLECTION”  8 
for  TtV  O  DIMES,  (to  pay  j>ostage,  packing,  etc.  i  8 
WATERMELONS.  .  i  iUi  „  _  » 
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8  of  most  delicious  musk -melons.  ’  -■ □ 
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I  This  beautiful  vegetable— first  intro-  V 
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GOLDEN  HUSK-TOMATO.  I 
8  This  rare  tomato  is  unequalled  for  8 
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8  /  A  superb  collection  of  the  most  beau-  8 
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2  a  “stak  ”  1)0  8pnt  f,v“  to  all  who  order  promptly,  B 
8  - -  and  who  will  (if  pleased)  show  seeds  aiid  *i 
this  offer  to  a  few  friends.  ^  * 
The  STAR  collection  is  “cheap  at  $1.00”  /q  I 
8  but,  (to  introduce!  will  be  sent  postpaid  m  OU  |  . 
J— with  my  Illustrated  Catalog,  for  only  ■ 
;  20  cents  if  ordered  at  once.  Don’t  delay.  ■  ((  Lf  )]  i  ’ 
\  Name  this  pajx-r,  and  address,  \\v_V/7  I 
A.  T.  COOK.  HYDE  PARK.  N.  Y.  j 
OOGQ  30E0«  ?POQOGGOGOOGQOOGQOC*3C»GO«:  ogcok 
M>obTREESi 
—  NEW  ""<1  RARE.  OLD  an<l  RELIABLE. - 
Both  Fruit  and  Ornumental.  ROSES,  Vines, 
Clematis,  Rhododendrons,  etc.  Send  stamp  for  illus-  : 
trated  Catalogues,  also  Wholesale  List.  Address 
COMMERCIAL 
NURSERIES. 
W.  S.  LITTLE  &.  CO., 
Rochester,  n.  Y. 
HEADQUARTERS 
1  892. 
We  are  Headquarters  for  the  very  CHOICEST 
varieties  SAVEET  TEAS.  Send  for  our  new  cata¬ 
logue  of  choice  Vegetable  and  Flower  and  Farm 
Seeds,  and  you  will  not  be  sorry.  Many  Novelties 
and  choice  things  AT  LOW  PRICES.  The  Very 
Rest  Only. 
R.  II.  HAWLEY  Si  CO.,  Hartford,  Conn, 
years  since  The  R.  N.-Y.  first  made 
investigations  of  this  kind.  They  were 
not  absolutely  convincing,  but  we  have 
ever  since  been  morally  confident  that 
the  female  flowers  are  often  provided 
with  enough  pollen  to  fecundate  their 
own  ovules.  If  so,  the  pollenation  takes 
place  before  anthesis . 
Persons  who  prize  quality  in  grapes, 
says  Mr.  Lyon,  and  desire  to  secure  this, 
even  with  slightly  diminished  productive¬ 
ness,  and  some  additional  care  and  labor, 
will  find  abundant  satisfaction,  for  des¬ 
sert  purposes,  from  a  plantation  of  the 
following,  named,  as  nearly  as  practic¬ 
able,  in  their  order  of  ripening  : 
Green  Mountain  or  Winchel  produced 
a  fine  crop  of  fruit  the  past  season,  prov¬ 
ing  it  to  he  one  of  the  finest,  if  not  in  fact 
the  finest,  of  the  very  early  grapes. 
Lady  has  now  won  an  assured  position 
as  one  of  the  finest  of  the  earlier,  hardy, 
white  grapes. 
Brighton  stands  at  the  head  of  the  list, 
so  far  as  beauty  and  superior  quality  are 
concerned.  It  is  a  heavy  bearer,  when 
grown  adjacent  to  a  good  pollinating 
variety.  Spraying  with  copper  carbonate 
will  readily  overcome  its  slight  liability 
to  injury  from  mildew. 
Ulster  has,  so  far,  proved  somewhat 
deficient  in  vigor,  though  not  objection¬ 
ably  so.  Its  good  size,  apparent  hardi¬ 
ness,  productiveness  and  fine  quality  are 
abundant  recompense  for  such  deficiency. 
Iona,  or,  where  this  fails,  Jefferson 
will  suffice  for  the  latest  variety.  Both 
are  of  superior  quality  and  similar  in 
several  respects. 
As  a  long  keeper  either  Agawam  or 
Diana  will  be  found  satisfactory . 
For  a  succession  of  varieties  of  pears 
of  high  quality,  named  as  nearly  as  prac¬ 
ticable  in  the  order  of  their  ripening  : 
Summer  Doyenn6,  Giffard,  Bloodgood, 
Tyson,  Rostiezer,  Clapp's  Favorite,  How¬ 
ell,  Bose,  Anjou,  Winter  Nelis,  Dana’s 
Hovey  and  Pound,  the  last  for  culinary 
use  only. 
For  smaller  plantations  the  following 
will  afford  a  partial  succession  of  vigor¬ 
ous,  productive  varieties,  of  fair  quality  : 
Summer  D6yenn6,  Clapp’s  Favorite, 
Bartlett,  Sheldon,  Howell,  Onondaga, 
Anjou  and  Lawrence. 
For  a  market  list  affording  a  success- 
VINES  Fo»  ts 
TREES-PL'ANTS.Etc 
I  I  >  4  /  I  AS  „ 
•8  Beebe  and  Lovett’s  Early  Strawberry, 
*?4  Lovett  Raspberry,  Japan  Wineberry, 
rtf  Green  Mt.  Grape,  Lincoln  Plum, 
r\  Hardy  Orange,  Japan  Walnuts,  Ice  * 
v  )  King  Primrose,  Turkey’s  Beard,  , 
,.  Red  Flowering  Cornel,  Ever-  * 
<hV  blooming  Spirasas  and  Weigelas.  \ 
}  Lovett’s  Guide  to  Horticulture  < 
I  ■  is  the  most  complete  and  elabor-  \ 
L,  ate  catalogue  ever  published  x 
ijji  by  any  nursery  establish-  v 
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J  is  richly  illustrated, 
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Village  NMrBBrlaa,  Hlgkftsfown,  N.J. 
gfeXaen  WEEDSPORT. 
Inquire  about  it.  We  can  interest  you  with  proof  of 
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300  Varieties,  Natives  of 
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