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THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
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Attention  Milkmen  ! 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  has  a  Babcock  Milk 
Tester  and  is  prepard  to  make  accurate  tests  of  any 
samples  of  milk  delivered  by  its  readers,  free  of  cost. 
The  subject  of  milk  testing-  is,  just  now,  the  most  im¬ 
portant  of  any  before  the  dairy  world.  It  is  more 
important  than  the  question  of  food.  Tons  of  food  are 
fed  to  cattle  that  are  not  able  to  utilize  it.  The  dairy¬ 
man  must  look  to  the  manure  pile  to  get  his  money 
back  from  the  feeding.  This  is  all  wrong.  A  pound 
of  fat  in  butter  is  worth  25  cents,  while  a  ton  of  it  in 
manure  is  worth  nothing.  We  know  that  a  good  pro¬ 
portion  of  the  cows  in  every  herd  are  robbers.  How 
shall  we  detect  them  ?  The  Babcock  test  will  do  it  and 
nothing  else  will  do  it  so  surely.  The  R.  N.-Y.  will 
help  those  who  are  sceptical  regarding  the  value  of 
this  machine  by  testing  milk  samples  free  of  cost. 
The  following  rules  must  be  observed  in  sending 
samples : 
1.  Milk  the  cow  clean,  strain  the  milk  and  stirring 
it  well,  take  out  the  sample.  A  two-ounce  bottle  of 
the  milk  is  sufficient  for  the  test 
2.  To  get  the  average  of  the  herd,  the  milk  must  be 
thoroughly  mixed,  by  pouring  from  one  can  to  another, 
or  by  taking  an  equal  quantity  from  each  can,  and 
mixing  together,  then  taking  the  sample  from  the 
mixture. 
3.  Each  bottle  should  have  the  owner’s  name  and  a 
number.  Accompanying  this,  under  the  number  on 
the  bottle,  should  be  sent  the  name  of  the  animal,  her 
breeding,  age  and  the  length  of  time  she  has  been  in 
milk,  also  her  feed  and  production. 
4.  Send  the  samples  sweet,  so  far  as  is  practicable, 
and  let  them  reach  the  office  during  the  forenoon  of 
Wednesday  of  each  week. 
5.  If  stamps  accompany  the  sample,  the  result  will 
be  sent  by  mail. 
The  It.  N.-Y.’s  Babcock  Milk  Tests. 
The  quality  of  milk  sold  in  New  York  is  “diversi¬ 
fied,”  or  as  the  famous  articulator  of  bones  in  “  Our 
Mutual  Friend”  would  say,  “warious.”  A  few  days 
since  The  Rural  bought  a  pint  of  milk  at  four  dif¬ 
ferent  restaurants,  each  of  which  makes  a  specialty  of 
that  commodity  and  which,  therefore,  should  sell  milk 
that  would  not  go  below  the  legal  standard  in  butter 
fats.  Our  Babcock  test  was  put  in  requisition  and  the 
four  samples  were  very  carefully  tested.  As  we  do  not 
know  anything  about  the  manner  in  which  the  milk 
had  been  handled  before  coming  into  our  possession, 
we  do  not  publish  the  names,  giving  only  the  results. 
The  milk  may  not  have  been  a  perfectly  fair  sample  of 
the  kind  they  sell,  though  it  is  not  likely  that  it  varies 
much.  The  tester  does  its  work  perfectly — that  much 
we  may  be  absolutely  certain  of. 
Sample  No.  one  showed  four  per  cent  of  butter  fats; 
number  two  the  same  ;  number  three  2  3-5,  and  num¬ 
ber  four  2  4-5,  the  last  two  being  below  the  legal 
standard,  which  requires  three. 
In  this  connection,  the  weekly  report  of  the  Board  of 
Health  in  this  city  is  interesting  reading.  For  the  week 
ending  May  21  there  were  1,953  inspections  of  milk 
and  2,297  specimens  examined,  but  none  were  seized 
or  destroyed.  For  the  week  ending  May  28  there  wex-e 
2,177  inspections  of  milk,  2,752  specimens  were  exam¬ 
ined,  but  none  were  condemned.  Does  any  sane  man 
believe  that  5,000  specimens  of  milk  in  this  city  could 
be  honestly  examined  and  none  found  below  the  legal 
standard  ?  The  department  in  its  reports  advertises 
either  the  worthlessness  or  dishonesty  of  its  inspectors. 
One  honest  man  with  a  Babcock  test  would  do  more 
toward  stopping  the  sale  of  adulterated  milk  than  the 
whole  Board  of  Health  with  its  worthless  lactometers 
and  worse  than  worthless  inspectors. 
Canopy  Top  for  Hay  Stack. 
In  The  R.  N.-Y.  of  May  14.  page  314,  J.  Marion 
Shull  gives  a  description  and  illustration  of  his  cover 
for  a  hay  stack.  This  cover  is  used  in  this  section — 
Calhoun  County,  Mich. — to  some  extent,  and  is  a  sure 
protection  to  the  hay  underneath.  Mr.  Shull  speaks 
of  my  hay  barrack,  described  in  The  R.  N.-Y.  some 
time  ago,  and  says:  “  It  is  an  excellent  thing  for  the 
large  hay  maker,  but  quite  out  of  the  question  for  the 
small  farmer.”  He  also  says,  that  “on  these  smaller 
farms  there  are  produced  a  few  tons  more  hay  than 
there  is  mow  room  for  in  the  barn,  and  this  must,  as  a 
rule,  be  stacked  out,  with  no  protection.” 
I  can  assure  Mr.  Shull  that  I  am  a  small  farmer  my¬ 
self.  It  was  because  I  had  a  “  few  more  tons  of  hay” 
than  could  be  stored  in  my  barn,  that  I  was  forced  to 
build  the  barrack,  or  let  it  waste  in  the  stack.  My 
barrack  cost  me  about  318.50,  including  help.  The 
year  previous  I  had  lost  nearly  enough  hay  in  two 
small,  open  stacks,  to  pay  for  the  barrack.  If  a  farmer 
has  but  five  tons  of  hay  to  stack  each  year,  it  will  pay 
for  itself  in  two  years,  at  most.  It  can  be  made  as 
large  or  as  small  as  desired.  I  made  mine  quite  high 
and  strong  in  order  to  use  the  horse  fork  and  carrier. 
The  roof  costs  more  than  anything  else,  but  I  doxibt  if 
it  costs  one  cent  more  than  Mr.  Shull’s  cover,  consider¬ 
ing  the  amount  of  hay  to  be  covered,  and  the  extra 
labor  of  stacking  in  low,  long  stacks,  by  hand.  Then, 
too,  the  cover  must  be  removed  every  time  any  hay  is 
taken  out.  The  boai'ds  should  be  stored  when  not  in 
use,  or  they  will  soon  become  worthless  for  a  roof. 
Again,  my  bai’rack  is  put  xip  in  “  bents,”  and  stacking 
is  easier.  We  fill  one  bent  at  a  time,  and  keep  the  sides 
and  ends  vertical.  No  snow  or  water  can  work  into  the 
sides.  When  we  take  out  the  hay,  no  hay  knife  is 
needed,  as  we  begin  at  one  end,  and  take  out  one  bent 
at  a  time.  We  solved  the  hay  knife  question  in  this 
bax-raek.  It  is  about  the  only  implement  on  the  farm 
that  I  hate.  It  has  caused  more  back-aclies  than  a 
car-load  of  hay  knives  are  worth  to  me. 
I  put  about  10  tons  of  clover  and  Timothy  in  my 
barrack  last  June.  It  has  a  capacity  of  about  18  tons. 
I  sold  five  tons  this  spring-  for  $05,  delivered  in  Battle 
Creek.  Not  one  spear  was  wasted,  although  I  had  no 
cover  on  the  sides  of  the  barrack.  The  back  end  gable 
is  boarded  up.  I  see  no  reason  for  boarding  the  sides, 
unless  to  more  thoroughly  stiffen  the  structure  when 
empty.  j.  H.  brown. 
Death  of  D.  D.  T.  Moore. 
Daniel  D.  Tompkins  Moore  died  in  this  city,  Friday 
June  3,  at  11.30  p.  m.  lie  experienced  a  slight  stroke 
of  paralysis  last  March.  An  operation  was  at  length 
deemed  necessary,  and  for  that  purpose  he  was  taken 
to  the  New  York  Hospital,  where  some  member  of  his 
family  was  in  constant  attendance.  During  his  last 
hours  his  entire  family,  three  sons  and  a  daughter, 
were  present.  For  three  days  he  was  unconscious,  and 
the  end  was  peaceful.  The  funeral  took  place  Tues¬ 
day,  the  7th,  at  Rochester. 
Mr.  Moore  was  born  in  the  town  of  Marcellus,  Onon¬ 
daga  County,  New  York,  February  2,  1820.  His  father 
was  a  Baptist  clergyman.  At  the  age  of  15  he  was  ap¬ 
prenticed  to  Mr.  Luther  Tucker,  then  publishing  the 
Advei-tiser,  in  Rochester,  to  learn  the  trade  of  printer. 
Two  years  afterward  he  commenced  the  study  of  law, 
which  he  abandoned  to  become  the  editor  of  the  Ga¬ 
zette,  a  weekly,  published  at  Jackson,  Mich.  Several 
years  thereafter  he  disposed  of  the  Gazette,  and  began 
the  publication  of  the  Michigan  Farmer.  After  a  few 
months,  he  disposed  of  that  also,  and,  returning  to  the 
East,  bought  an  interest  in  the  Genesee  Farmer.  This 
was  in  1840.  On  the  1st  day  of  January,  1850,  in  the 
city  of  Rochester,  he  founded  Moore’s  Rural  New- 
Yorker.  The  prediction,  freely  made  by  his  acquain¬ 
tances,  that  this  venture  would  prove  a  failui-e,  was 
not  verified.  Success  was  assured  fi*om  the  start,  and 
its  circulation,  week  after  week,  year  after  year, 
increased,  until  it  became  well  known  as  the  leading 
paper  of  its  class  over  the  entire  country.  In  1804 
Mr.  Moore  was  elected  an  alderman  of  Rochester,  and 
in  1805  mayor.  In  1808  the  paper  moved  to  this  city, 
with  an  actual  circulation  of  about  100,000,  and  Mr. 
Moore  was  estimated  as  worth  scai-cely  less  than  half 
a  million.  Unfortunate  speculations,  however,  caused 
a  loss  of  his  fortune,  and  at  length,  in  1870,  he  was 
obliged  to  sell  the  paper,  then,  though  still  having  a 
fair  circulation,  regarded  as  a  financial  wreck.  It  was 
purchased  by  G.  A.  C.  Barnett  (publisher),  A.  S.  Fuller, 
editor,  and  E.  S.  Carman,  associate  editor.  Under  this 
management  the  circulation  steadily  declined,  and  the 
loss  sustained  the  first  year  must  have  been  as  much 
as  330,000.  Mr.  Carman  then  bought  out  his  partners, 
and  upon  the  debris  of  its  enfeebled  predecessor, 
founded  The  Rural  New-Yorker,  the  subsequent 
history  of  which  is  known  to  most  of  our  l’eaders. 
After  giving  up  Moore’s  Rural  New-Yorker,  Mr. 
Moore  started  Moore’s  Rural  Life,  which  failed  after 
two  (monthly)  issues. 
Since  that  time  (1879)  he  has  been  successively  em¬ 
ployed  as  agricultural  editor  of  the  Tribune  and 
Farmer  (Uhiladelphia),  the  New  York  World,  the 
Star,  Witness,  Independent  and  Christian  at  Work. 
Mr.  Moore  was  six  feet  in  height,  and  weighed  about 
200  pounds,  straight,  well  proportioned  and  of  a  com¬ 
manding  presence.  His  features  were  regular,  his  ex¬ 
pression  and  manners  indicative  of  a  kindly,  generous 
heart. 
A  New  Industry. 
FRUITS  CANNED  RIGHT  FROM  THE  VINE. 
While  at  the  Elmira  Fair,  I  noticed  a  collection  of 
canned  fruits  which  in  variety,  color  and  genex'al  ap¬ 
pearance,  was  the  finest  I  had  ever  seen.  The  whole 
exhibit  was  so  tastily  arranged  and  everything  so  clean 
that  it  attracted  immediate  attention.  The  owner 
kindly  gave  me  the  following  history  of  the  origin  of 
the  business. 
“Several  years  ago  I  was  employed  as  superintendent 
of  a  large  manufacturing  company  in  an  Eastern  city. 
My  health  was  failing,  which  meant  loss  of  life,  or  at 
least  of  position  and  salai’y.  My  children  had  nothing 
congenial  to  do.  I  concluded  to  move  and  came  to 
Webbs  Mills,  N.  Y.  We  commenced  growing  small 
fruits  and  garden  vegetables;  but  had  no  experience 
and  had  to  learn  as  we  we  went  along.  The  Rural 
New-Yorker  was  one  of  the  first  papers  we  subscribed 
for,  and  it  has  saved  us  by  its  timely  advice  a  great 
many  dollars.  The  poor  quality  and  appearance  of 
the  fruits  and  vegetables  in  tin  cans  attracted  my 
tention  and  suggested  a  way  to  dispose  of  our  surplus 
fruit.  A  few  quarts  of  different  kinds  of  berries  were 
canned  fresh  from  the  vines.  The  Lightning  glass  cans 
were  used  and  are  still  our  choice.  They  are  more  ex¬ 
pensive  than  some  other  kinds,  but  are  of  heavy  glass 
and  are  easily  sealed.  No  one  but  the  fruit  grower's 
wife  knows  the  aroma  of  fruit  canned  before  the 
‘  varnish  leaves  the  berry,’  because  she  only  can  get 
fruit  in  such  condition.  Those  who  can  ‘  buy  cheaper 
than  they  can  grow  berries  ’  get  the  form,  but  not  the 
flavor.  Strawberries  will  lose  color  and  aroma  in  the 
short  time  it  takes  to  deliver  them  at  the  depot,  a 
mile  and  a  half  away. 
“  The  sample  cans  wherever  placed  created  a  mar¬ 
ket  and  a  demand  for  more.  No  one  seemed  to  be 
catering  to  the  wants  of  wealthy  people  who  wanted 
healthy,  delicious,  clean  fruit  for  table  use  evei'y  day 
in  the  year.  Our  success  with  the  first  lot  was  such 
that  we  increased  our  facilities  for  canning  until  every¬ 
thing  now  grown  on  the  farm  is  disposed  of  in  this  way. 
The  work  is  all  done  by  the  family — wife  and  two  chil¬ 
dren  and  myself.  This  insures  perfect  cleanliness,  per¬ 
fect  fruit  and  perfect  flavor. 
“  VVe  now  have  customers  iix  all  parts  of  the  country 
who  order  from  us  their  entire  supplies  of  canned 
goods  for  the  year.  Many  orders  had  to  be  refused  be¬ 
cause  our  entire  sxxpply  was  sold.” 
Sweet  corn,  green  peas,  cucumbers,  currants,  fruits, 
jams  and  jellies  are  put  in  glass  cans  within  two  hours 
from  the  time  of  picking.  All  fruits  are  preserved 
in  heavy  syrups,  are  ready  for  use  without  further 
preparation,  and  are  free  from  acid.  The  best  granu¬ 
lated  sugar  is  used.  The  average  price,  as  taken  from 
their  circular,  is  about  37  per  dozen.  A  rebate  of  31.50 
is  allowed  for  the  return  of  the  empty  cans. 
Mr.  Bradbury  is  now  in  perfect  health,  has  a  beauti¬ 
ful  home  and  a  handsome  income.  The  son  and  daugh¬ 
ter  receive  from  their  share  of  the  income  good  wages, 
and  have  congenial,  pleasant  work. 
“  I  do  not  like  to  think  of  what  we  might  be  had  we 
remained  in  the  city.  The  reading  of  good  papers  and 
acting  upon  their  suggestions  have  been  the  founda¬ 
tion  of  oxxr  success,”  said  he. 
Such  remarks  show  his  appreciation  of  his  present 
circumstances  and  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  good 
agricultural  papers.  Why  cannot  this  success  be  dxxpli- 
cated  in  every  county  in  the  State  ?  c.  e.  c. 
Business  Bits. 
J.  C.  Vaughan,  the  well-known  seedsman  and  florist  of  Chicago 
who  has  for  years  had  a  steadily  Increasing  Eastern  trade,  has  estab¬ 
lished  a  branch  house  In  New  York  city,  at  12  Barclay  street,  which 
was  opened  for  business  May  1— a  little  late  for  the  trade  this  season, 
but  It  has,  somewhat  to  his  surprise,  been  a  paying  affair  from 
the  start.  The  branch  Is  furnished  with  one  of  the  largest  bulb  cel¬ 
lars  In  the  country,  and  It  Is  In  this  line  that  the  greatest  business  bus 
been  done,  though  other  departments  have  flourished  also.  We  wel¬ 
come  this  enterprising  concern  to  the  Empire  State.  The  gentleman 
In  charge  said  that  on  the  day  they  opened,  a  line  black  cat  walked  In 
and  made  herself  at  home,  presenting  them  a  few  days  later  with  an 
interesting  family  of  five  kittens,  all  of  which  are  domesticated  and 
doing  well.  The  believers  In  omens,  etc.,  consider  such  a  visitation  u 
sure  promise  of  “  good  luck,”  and,  so  far,  the  cat  and  kittens  have 
maintained  the  promise. 
A  Knitting  Machine. — The  R.  N.-Y.  has  a  warm  side  for  such  ma¬ 
chines  as  add  to  the  comfort  of  the  farmers’  homes  and  tend  to  lighten 
the  labors  of  the  wives  and  daughters.  Such  a  device  is  the  Bickford 
Knitting  Machine.  One  will  find  few  farm  houses  In  a  day’s  journey 
where  a  sewing  machine  Is  not  seen,  but  the  number  owning  knitting 
machines  Is  comparatively  small.  Certainly  If  all  were  familiar  with 
the  merits  of  the  above  device,  Its  use  would  be  almost  universal— at 
least  as  common  as  that  of  the  sewing  machine.  It  Is  very  simple, 
and  an  intelligent  child  of  10  or  12  years  can  operate  It  perfectly,  doing 
all  the  family  knitting  easily,  quickly  and  well.  Not  only  can  stockings 
be  knitted,  but  robes,  afghans,  rugs,  underclothes,  hoods,  children’s 
clothing  generally,  etc.  It  will  make  braid  or  cord  of  any  size  or  shape, 
and  of  any  material.  New  toes  or  parts  of  stockings  can  be  knitted 
with  It  In  less  time  than  they  could  be  darned  In  the  old  way.  In  fact 
its  capabilities  seem  almost  unlimited.  Two  little  girls,  twins,  aged 
12,  living  in  Vermont,  knit  with  one  machine  and  with  one  set  of 
needles,  on  a  contract,  1,00U  dozen  dolls’  stockings,  and  the  warden  of 
the  Kansas  Penitentiary  recently  wrote  to  the  makers  that  7,000  pairs 
of  socks  were  there  knit  on  each  machine  every  year.  This  is  a  very 
admirable  machine,  easily  kept  In  order,  and  The  R.  N.  Y.  heartily 
commends  It. 
Hay  Slinos,  How  and  When  to  Use  Them.— On  page  337  of  The 
R.  N.-Y.,  Mr.  P.  H.  Munroe  makes  a  very  good  suggestion  as  to  the  use 
of  hay  slings  to  unload  ensilage  corn  on  the  second  story  of  a  barn. 
There  are  many  farmers,  however,  who  are  not  blest  with  barns  large 
enough  for  such  an  operation.  To  such  I  would  suggest  this  plan: 
Get  three  poles  li>  or  20  feet  long,  bore  a  hole  through  the  top  of  each 
and  put  a  bolt  through :  then  attach  a  pully  to  the  bolt  and  set  It  over 
the  feed  table.  One  of  these  poles  should  be  a  little  longer  than  the 
others,  and  go  into  the  ground  a  foot  or  so,  so  that  the  ground 
pulley  can  be  attached  to  It.  Then  drive  the  load  alongside  and  pro¬ 
ceed  in  the  manner  described  by  Mr.  Munroe,  and  you'll  be  able  to 
unload  the  ensilage  corn  on  the  feed  table  without  track  or  carrier.  I 
claim  that  slings  are  better  adapted  for  unloading  corn  than  hay 
unless  one  has  plenty  of  room  and  cares  little  about  packing  the  hay 
so  as  to  exclude  the  air,  which  I  claim  Is  an  Important  part  of  the  hay 
business.  I  am  70  years  old  and  I  can  with  a  good  fork,  send  up  as 
much  hay  as  two  good  men  can  pack  away  to  suit  me.  I  am  satisfied 
by  long  experience  that  in  order  to  have  the  hay  of  a  good  color  and 
free  from  dust  the  air  must  be  kept  from  It  as  much  as  possible  after 
it  has  been  put  In  the  barn,  especially  If  It  Is  clover  and  a  little  too 
moist.  WAKRKN  VKEET.AND. 
