43o 
July  2 
Why  and  When  to  Aerate  Milk. 
Prof.  W.  W.  Cooke,  Vermont  Experi¬ 
ment  Station. — By  aerating  milk,  odors 
can  be  completely  driven  out  that  have 
been  absorbed  by  the  milk  after  being 
drawn  from  the  cow.  Odors  that  were 
derived  by  the  milk  through  the  system 
of  the  cow,  are  not  so  easily  taken  out. 
They  will  be  somewhat  lessened,  but  can 
never  be  wholly  removed.  Milk  should 
be  aerated  as  soon  as  possible  after  it  is 
drawn,  and  it  should,  at  the  same  time, 
be  cooled.  Aerating  alone  is  an  advan¬ 
tage,  but  its  good  effects  on  the  keeping 
of  milk  are  much  increased  by  bringing 
the  milk  down  to  55  degrees  or  lower. 
Milk  should  keep  at  least  12  hours  longer 
for  the  aerating.  By  using  a  cooler  and 
aerator  faithfully,  it  is  possible  to  dis¬ 
pense  with  ice  in  selling  milk  under  the 
ordinary  conditions  as  they  occur  in  the 
smaller  cities  ;  but  where  the  milk  is  to 
be  brought  by  train,  and  is  24  to  36  hours 
old  before  it  is  put  on  the  milk  cart,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  use  ice  even  with 
aerated  milk. 
The  question  as  to  whether,  by  the  use 
of  the  aerator,  ice  can  be  dispensed  with 
in  butter  making,  would  seem  to  imply 
that  the  aerator  could  be  used  to  advan¬ 
tage  in  butter  making,  which  is  not  the 
fact.  The  man  who  is  raising  his  cream 
by  shallow  setting,  or  cold,  deep  setting, 
or  any  form  of  gravity  creaming,  has  no 
use  for  a  milk  aerator  or  a  milk  cooler. 
Either  would  be  a  positive  detriment, 
occasioning  the  loss  of  a  large  amount 
of  butter  in  the  skim-milk.  The  man 
who  is  running  his  milk  through  a  sepa¬ 
rator  has  little  need  of  an  aerator  for  the 
whole  milk,  since,  of  course,  the  milk  is 
aerated  in  passing  through  the  machine. 
But  to  make  the  best  quality  of  butter,  it 
is  necessary  that  the  cream  be  cooled  be¬ 
low  55  degrees,  and,  better,  to  50  degrees 
as  soon  as  possible  after  coming  from  the 
separator,  and  the  combined  milk  coolers 
and  aerators,  as  they  are  now  on  the 
market,  are  probably  the  best  forms  of 
cooler  to  be  used  for  that  purpose. 
The  Babcock  Tester  for  Guernsey  Cows. 
Mrs.  S.  B.  Taber  Willits,  Long 
Island,  N.  Y.— As  to  having  the  milk  of 
all  Guernsey  cows  tested,  it  is  practically 
impossible  to  do  so,  and  in  the  face  of 
the  many  recorded  tests  of  breeds  of 
dairy  animals,  I,  who  can  only  judge 
from  my  own  experience  and  the  affida¬ 
vits  of  others,  must  confess  1  should  have 
little  faith  that,  except  in  individual 
cases,  the  testimony  or  recorded  testi¬ 
mony  would  be  of  much  value  in  judging 
the  animal.  In  order  that  a  test  could  be 
of  any  value,  in  comparing  the  merits  of 
different  animals  or  herds,  many,  in¬ 
deed  all,  facts  relative  to  the  tested  ani¬ 
mal  should  be  known  and  considered — 
such  as  age,  condition,  period  of  lacta¬ 
tion  and  gestation,  feed,  handling,  etc. 
Tests  should  also  be  made  at  frequent 
intervals  for  several  months.  This  re¬ 
quires  care,  judgment,  labor,  time,  ac¬ 
curacy  and  honesty,  and  must  be  done  by 
those  who  can  command  these  virtues. 
Those  who  usually  feed  milk,  handle  and 
generally  care  for  stock  either  pure-bred 
or  native  of  all  breeds,  are  not  such  con¬ 
scientious  or  capable  persons  as  to  merit 
confidence  in  their  representations  of 
the  performances  of  one  cow  and  much 
less  of  a  herd.  At  the  experiment  sta¬ 
tions,  where  testing  the  breeds  is  under 
the  supervision  of  scientific  and  syste¬ 
matic  management  and  is  made  the  para¬ 
mount  object  of  business  from  one  year 
to  another,  it  can  and  probably  is  suc¬ 
cessfully  done;  but  even  there  much  is  to 
be  taken  into  consideration  as  the  indi¬ 
vidual  specimens  of  the  different  breeds 
may  not  do  justice  or  may  go  beyond  the 
average  of  the  breed  they  represent. 
Therefore,  although  I  accord  to  tests  in 
THE  RTJKAL  NEW-YORKER. 
many  instances  much  value,  yet  as  gen¬ 
erally  made,  I  would  consider  them  of 
little  use  in  selecting  animals. 
I  do  not  ignore  or  hold  lightly  the  value 
of  the  Babcock  tester.  I  believe,  so  far 
as  I  can  judge,  that  it  is  the  truest  test 
of  the  qualities  of  milk;  but  owing  to  the 
many  conditions  of  the  cow,  it  is  not  al¬ 
ways  a  test  by  which  she  can  be  judged. 
Which  May  Remind  You. 
Readers  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  should 
know  that  the  Vermorel  nozzle  has  but 
one  advantage  over  the  Riley  Cyclone. 
It  is  that  there  is  a  pin  and  a  button  in 
the  Vermorel.  When  the  nozzle  gets 
clogged  with  a  bit  of  wood,  lime  or  any 
other  obstruction,  one  has  only  to  press 
the  button.  The  pin  enters  the  hole 
and  frees  it.  If  the  Cyclone  gets  stopped 
up,  one  must  use  a  pin  or  fine  wire.  In 
order  to  stick  the  pin  or  wire  into  the 
hole  it  is  necessary  to  see  the  hole.  The 
moment  it  is  freed  the  spray  issues  from 
the  nozzle  in  obedience  to  the  pressure, 
and  it  is  as  likely  to  strike  one  in  the 
eye  or  face  as  elsewhere,  and  rather 
more  so . 
The  pin  and  button  arrangement  of 
the  Vermorel  is  not  a  perfect  contrivance 
by  any  means.  When  the  button  is 
pressed  so  as  to  run  the  pin  through  the 
hole  of  the  nozzle,  the  liquid  in  a  stream 
— not  a  spray — flows  out  of  the  back  of 
the  nozzle.  This  does  not  usually  strike 
the  operator  further  than  to  wet  the  coat 
sleeves.  It  is  objectionable  only  in  so 
far  as  so  much  of  the  insecticide  fluid  is 
lost . 
June  16,  The  R.  N.-Y.  used  a  diluted 
Bordeaux  mixture  upon  its  seedling  pota¬ 
toes.  The  original  mixture  was  first  used 
some  five  years  ago  on  its  “  challenge” 
potato  patch,  in  the  vain  hopes  that  it 
might  drive  off  or  kill  the  flea  beetle.  It 
seemed  to  harm  the  vines  and  to  please 
the  fleas . 
TheR.  N.-Y. ’s  formula  for  potato  vines 
— as  a  preventive  or  destroyer  of  blight — 
as  just  used  is  this  :  Two  ounces  of  cop¬ 
per  sulphate  (crystals)  are  put  into  a 
one-gallon  demijohn  of  cold  water.  It 
will  dissolve  in  the  course  of  24  hours. 
Three  ounces  of  quick  lime  are  put  into 
another  one-gallon  demijohn  of  water, 
the  lime  first  being  slaked  by  adding 
only  a  sufficiency  of  water.  Thus  we 
have  two  gallons  altogether,  which  are 
poured  into  the  ordinary  patent  water- 
pail  which  holds  about  two  gallons,  and 
we  are  ready  to  spray,  using  an  ordinary 
aquapult  pump;  a  pump,  by  the  way, 
which,  for  small  patches,  answers  just  as 
well  as  more  costly  pumps . 
To  every  pail  of  the  copper-lime  liquid, 
a  level  teaspoonful  of  Paris-green  is 
added  so  that  the  application  may  serve 
to  kill  the  potato  beetle  as  well  as  protect 
the  vines  against  blight . 
A  word  as  to  the  addition  of  the  Paris- 
green  :  If  the  teaspoon-level-full  of  Paris- 
green  were  thrown  upon  the  surface  of 
the  copper-lime  water,  it  would  be  a  dif¬ 
ficult  matter  to  wet  the  Paris-green.  A 
better  way  is  gently  to  lower  the  tea¬ 
spoon  a  few  inches  below  the  liquid,  and 
then  gently  shake  it.  In  this  way  the 
powder  is  carried  off  gradually  ;  every 
part  comes  in  contact  with  the  liquid, 
is  wetted  and  sinks.  Constant  stirring  is 
necessary  while  spraying,  or  the  lower 
part  of  the  liquid  will  have  an  undue  pro¬ 
portion  of  lime  and  Paris-green.  The 
copper  sulphate  is  entirely  soluble . 
The  above  quantity  of  liquid  will  serve 
for  a  row  of  vines  about  40  feet  long. 
For  larger  areas,  the  same  proportion  of 
copper-sulphate,  lime  and  Paris-green 
would  be  as  follows:  For  16  gallons  of 
water,  use  two  pounds  of  copper-sulphate 
and  1)4  pound  of  lime,  adding  one  tea¬ 
spoon  level  full  of  Paris-green  to  every 
pailful  (two  gallons)  of  the  mixture . 
Of  Trifolium  incarnatum  —  Crimson 
Clover — Prof.  Wood  says,  in  his  botany 
of  1880,  “  It  is  a  fine  species  from  Italy, 
occasionally  cultivated  as  a  border  flower 
and  has  been  proposed  by  Dr.  Dewey  for 
cultivation  as  a  valuable  plant  for  hay”. . 
“  Few  things  in  the  vegetable  world,” 
says  Dr.  J.  B.  Killebrew,  of  Tennessee, 
“  present  a  more  beautiful  sight  than  a 
field  of  Crimson  Clover  in  full  bloom.”.  . . 
This  season,  not  less  than  last,  we  have 
only  enthusiastic  words  of  praise  for  the 
Georges  Bruant  Rose.  It  fills  a  place 
wholly  unoccupied  hitherto  and  fills  it 
full.  The  bush  is  as  hardy  as  the  average 
of  Hybrid  Remontants;  the  foliage  is 
emphatically  of  the  Rugosa  type  though 
not  quite  so  thick,  glossy  or  finely 
wrinkled.  It  is  nevertheless  distinct  and 
beautiful.  The  rose  itself  is  white  and 
purely  white,  the  buds  as  pointed  as  those 
of  Niphetos  and  of  an  exquisitely  delicate 
perfume.  The  fully  open  flowers  are  four 
inches  in  diameter  with  about  four 
whorls  of  petals.  One  tires  of  very 
double  flowers.  He  is  reminded  of  Paeon- 
ias  as  with  Paul  Neyron.  Bruant  is  not 
so  durable  either  in  bud  or  bloom  as 
many  of  the  Teas,  Hybrid  Teas  or  hardy 
roses,  but  it  has  a  delicate  charm  all  its 
own  that  inspires  a  warmer  regard . 
The  Teas  and  Hybrid  Teas  have  dis¬ 
appointed  thousands  of  rose -loving  ama¬ 
teurs  who  have  no  glass  and  who  leave 
them  out  during  the  winter,  trusting  to 
a  careful  protection  to  carry  them  through 
safely.  In  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  disap¬ 
pointment  follows.  The  hardiest  of  them 
if  protected  ever  so  carefully,  will  suffer 
in  this  climate  more  or  less,  while  a 
majority  will  die . 
We  have  been  looking  over  a  seed  cata¬ 
logue  issued  in  1833  at  Boston,  Mass.,  the 
price  being  12)4  cents,  the  pages  64,  the 
size  4x6  inches.  Respecting  weevil-eaten 
peas  Bartram  is  quoted  as  saying  :  “  But 
what  is  surprising,  the  worm  leaves  the 
eye  or  sprout  of  the  pea  untouched,  so 
that  almost  every  pea  vegetates  and 
thrives  vigorously  notwithstanding  a 
large  part  of  the  pea  is  consumed.  A 
friend  of  ours  in  Dorchester,  lately  plant¬ 
ed  two  rows,  one  of  sound  peas,  the  other 
with  peas  full  of  buy  holes.  Both  vegetated 
( Continued  on  next  page.) 
If  you  name  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  our  advertisers  you 
may  be  pretty  sure  of  prompt  replies  and  right  treat¬ 
ment. 
A  Fair  Trial 
Of  Hood’s  Sarsaparilla  ■will  convince  any  reason¬ 
able  person  that  it  does  possess  great  medicinal 
merit.  We  do  not  claim  that  every  bottle  will 
accomplish  a  miracle,  but  we  do  know  that  nearly 
every  bottle,  taken  according  to  directions,  does 
produce  positive  benefit.  Its  peculiar  curative 
power  is  shown  by  many  remarkable  cures.  It 
purifies  the  blood,  cures  scrofula,  salt  rheum,  all 
humors,  dyspepsia,  catarrh,  and  rheumatism. 
“  Hood’s  Sarsaparilla  cured  me  of  blood  poison, 
gave  me  a  noble  appetite,  overcame  headache  and 
dizziness.”  L.  Nason,  Lowell,  Mass. 
Hood’s  Sarsaparilla 
Sold  by  all  druggists.  «1;  sixforj?5.  Prepared  only 
by  C.  I.  HOOD  &  CO.,  Apothecaries,  Lowell,  Mass 
IOO  Doses  One  Dollar 
£vEByMoTHER 
Sliould  Have  jU  in  Tlie  House. 
Dropped,  on.  Sugar ,  Children  Love 
to  take  Johnson’s  Anodyne  Liniment  for  Croup, Colds, 
Sore  Throat,  Tonsilitis,  Colic,  Cramps  and  Pains.  Re¬ 
lieves  all  Summer  Complaints,  Cuts  and  Bruises  like 
magic.  Sold  everywhere.  Price  85c.  by  mail;  6  bottles 
Express  said,  $2.  L  S.  JOHNSON  &  CO.,  Boston,  Mass, 
—  THE 
ENSILAGE 
FODDER 
-AND- 
CARRIERS 
Are  the  Best. 
of 
all  uses. 
embraces  Treatise  on 
silage  and  Plans  for  Silo. 
THE  SILVER  MFG.  CO., 
OHIO 
|  y-llljm  I  L  OA///Wnaa,  Water,  6a*,  Ol' 
Uu  La  I  I  j  u  I  I  LI  L  0 ?i  Ditching.  Pump 
| --  fng,  Wind&Steam Mach'y.  Encyclopedia  26c 
■  ■  ■■"■■The  American  Well  Work*,  Aurora,  lb 
ti-13  S.Cawal  St., CHICAGO, ILL.  ( 
Pwk  StfttPST,  DAI.I-.AS,  TEXAS. 
S?c»o4  Howe 
POT  CROWN 
STRAWBERRIES 
READY'  July  ldth.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 
the  Ilcst  varieties,  also  list  of  Dutch  Bulbs  and 
|  SPECIALTIES  for  Fall  Planting  FREE. 
ELLWANGER  &  BARRY, 
IRON  TURBINE 
WIND  ENGINE 
.ABACK  GEARED 
/morruiiiNE' 
MAST.ro  OS  S.CO..  jggSf, 
J)  The  Strongest  and 
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Engine  ever  constructed. 
BUCKEYE 
FORCE  PUMP 
Works  easy  and  throws* 
ail  a  constant  stream. f 
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ul"  and  Brass  Cylinders.' 
Is  easily  set.  Is? 
.J  the  cheapest  and  < 
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ll  or  shallow  wells. 
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Steel  Derricks,  BUCK  EVE  Tank 
and  Spray  Pumps.  BUCKEYE  and 
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Wrought  Iron  Fencing,  Cresting, 
etc.  Write  for  Circulars  and  Prices. 
MAST,  FOOS  &  CO., 
SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO. 
IDEAL  In  Name 
and  In  Fact. 
■sSm  —  £ 
WIND  MILL 
and  Three  Post 
STEEL  TOWER. 
£2»  The  LATEST  and  BEST. 
Cimn  N-S-l*  ft.  Genred. 
OlZco  10  und  1C  I  t.  Ungeared. 
TOWERS,  80,  40,  50  A  60-ft. 
Millswithor  without  graphite 
bearings. 
STOVER  MFC.  CO.. 
5J2  Uiver  St.,  FREEPORT,  III. 
ENGINES 
If  you  want  to  buy  a  strictly  first- 
class  outfit  at  low  figures,  address 
The  W.C.LEFFEL  CO. 
cnniouDlATSl’KIlKiHEI-D^. 
THE  WEEDS  MUST  GO 
SAYS  THE 
WEED  SLAYER, 
Best  Hand-Cul¬ 
tivator  known 
Express  Paid, 
*3.50. 
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Except  Pacific  States. 
3qual  to  five  hoes,  saves  two-thirds  finger-weeding 
onions,  etc.  Unequaled  for  strawberry-runners, 
ts  seven  Inches  wide,  any  depth;  adjustable  In 
Ight;  light  and  strong.  v«.ro 
tEAD.-Pavs  for  itself  every  day.— Rural  New- 
iRKkh.  Lightest  and  best  we  know  of.— L.  B.  1  aft, 
S.  Professor  Mich.  Agr.  College,  Lansing.  Mich, 
cels  all  others  for  our  gravel  walks  and  driveways. 
iROCKPORT  CEAIETRY  ASSOCIATION.  BrOCkport, 
iniX by  dealers— purchased  for  you  by  any  express 
pnt  or  forwarded  by  us  on  receipt  of  prices  as  above 
SPOKANE. 
Surrounding1  Spokane  is  ihe  richest 
farming  country  in  the  world.  Great  in¬ 
ducements  for  dairying,  gardening,  fruit 
growing,  stock-raising,  liay-growing  and 
general  farming.  Land  purchased  at 
the  present  prices  will  double  in  value 
within  three  years.  Excellent  markets. 
We  want  intelligeiit  young  men  with 
some  capital.  Only  six  to  eight  weeks  of 
winter ;  no  blizzards,  no  cyclones,  no 
floods.  You  can  reach  Spokane  from  the 
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Pacific  railroad. 
For  further  information  address 
CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 
SPOKANE,  WASHINGTON. 
BINDER  TWINE 
shipped  anywhere 
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CASH  BUYERS’  UNION,  162  W.  Tin  Burrn  St.  B  84  Cblesgo. 
