478 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
July  23 
Aerating  Mississippi  Milk. 
Pbof.  J.  H.  Connell,  Mississippi  Agri¬ 
cultural  and  Mechanical  College. — 
As  to  these  milk  questions  on  page  317,  I 
have  had  no  opportunity  to  observe  any¬ 
thing  respecting  the  removal  of  foul 
odors  by  the  aeration  of  milk.  All  food 
given  to  our  cows  is  free  from  such  odors 
as  we  feed  no  turnips,  etc.  Milk  should 
be  cooled  as  soon  as  drawn.  At  this  lati¬ 
tude  aerated  milk  keeps  from  six  to  ten 
hours  longer  than  that  not  so  treated  if 
the  water  be  of  proper  temperature  (55 
degrees)  and  the  machine  reduces  the 
temperature  to  within  two  or  four  degrees 
of  that  of  the  water,  as  the  Hueling’s 
aerator  does.  We  have  successfully  de¬ 
livered  morning’s  milk  in  the  afternoon 
for  use,  and  the  reverse,  without  the  use 
of  ice.  If  a  full  supply  of  water  at  55  or 
60  degrees  can  be  had  no  ice  is  needed  for 
butter  production  in  this  climate  when  an 
aerator  is  also  used  ;  but  the  machine  has 
recommended  itself  to  us  most  strongly 
for  the  removal  of  sediment  from  milk 
and  for  producing  longer  keeping  qual¬ 
ities  in  it.  If  to  be  drank  at  once  the 
aeration  will  remove  the  always  objec¬ 
tionable  animal  odor  of  milk. 
The  Miller  vs.  the  Farmer. 
P.  II.,  New  Jersey.—  E.  L.  under  the 
caption,  “  Sell  Wheat  and  Buy  Flour  ”  on 
page  412,  pays  his  respects  to  P.  H.,  and 
apparently  settles  in  his  own  mind,  at 
least,  the  vexed  question  of  the  farmer 
getting  his  just  dues  from  the  miller. 
Unfortunately  for  him,  his  facts  (?)  and 
figures  weaken  his  position  somewhat, 
and  raise  a  doubt  in  the  reader’s  mind 
as  to  the  exact  relation  existing  between 
E.  L.  and  the  millers,  and  between  E. 
L.  and  the  farmers.  Few  farmers,  I 
imagine,  are  in  a  position  to  purchase 
flour  by  the  car-load,  or  to  have  use  for 
such  a  quantity. 
In  the  first  place,  for  how  much  did  E. 
L.  sell  the  wheat  with  which  he  paid  for 
the  flour  purchased,  and  did  he  receive 
for  it  the  “  top  price  ?  ”  He  says  that  a 
bushel  of  wheat  is  worth  there  80  cents. 
As  I  received  36  pounds  of  flour,  and  12 
of  bran  and  middlings  from  60  pounds  of 
wheat,  I  figure  that  in  the  same  pro¬ 
portion,  a  bushel  of  wheat  produces  45 
pounds  of  flour.  According  to  E.  L ’s 
figures,  then,  the  wheat  which  produced 
the  barrel  of  flour  is  worth  $3.47,  or  in 
round  numbers,  $3.50,  $1.30  less  than  the 
cost  of  the  barrel  of  flour.  At  present 
prices,  the  bran  and  other  by-products 
ought  to  pay  all  the  cost  of  manufacture, 
and  leave  a  good  margin  of  profit  be¬ 
sides.  So  it  would  appear  that  our  friend, 
at  prices  given  by  himself,  and  by  a  sys¬ 
tem  of  business  recommended  by  himself, 
has  been  paying  a  pretty  heavy  tribute 
to  his  “  rascally  miller.” 
Now  the  fact  of  the  matter  is  that  from 
60  pounds  of  sound,  clean  wheat,  I  ought 
to  have  received  40  pounds  of  first-class 
flour  (many  instances  are  known  of  42 
pounds  being  received  after  the  toll  was 
taken),  instead  of  the  36  pounds  men¬ 
tioned  in  my  former  communication. 
Another  point  against  the  miller,  which 
I  did  not  previously  mention,  and  which 
would  make  the  value  of  the  flour  which 
I  did  receive  still  less,  is  that  although  I 
was  promised  the  best  roller  flour,  I 
didn’t  get  it.  I  afterwards  purchased  at 
the  grocery  store,  by  the  sack,  second 
grade  flour,  from  the  same  mill,  and 
found  it  superior  to  the  “best”  flour  fur¬ 
nished  me  in  exchange  for  my  wheat. 
Saying  nothing  about  the  quality,  these 
figures  would  make  the  value  of  the  flour 
from  a  bushel  of  wheat,  at  the  “lowest 
wholesale  rates,”  98  cents.  The  value  of 
the  bran,  at  a  low  estimate,  would  bring 
it  up  to  $1.05;  so  E.  L.  in  reality  advises 
the  farmer  to  sell  for  80  cents  the  wheat 
which  in  justice  ought  to  produce  up¬ 
wards  of  a  dollar’s  worth  of  flour  and 
bran,  and  then  buy  his  flour  at  the  ex¬ 
orbitant  advance  he  paid.  Bel  ter  take 
the  36  pounds  of  flour,  small  though  the 
quantity  be,  than  to  pursue  this  losing 
practice.  These  figures  are  for  the  best 
quality  of  flour  mentioned,  it  will  be  ob¬ 
served,  as  few,  if  any,  farmers  would 
wish  the  other  grade.  Verily,  the  days 
of  false  prophets,  especially  of  agricul¬ 
tural  prophets,  are  not  yet  past. 
Some  of  E.  L.’s  other  statements  are 
equally  to  be  questioned.  He  says:  “The 
market  quotations  are  open  to  him  (the 
farmer)  as  to  the  miller.”  Published 
quotations,  yes ;  but  how  many  farmers 
can  buy  flour  at  th2  rates  given  by  E.  L.  ? 
Can  one  in  ten  thousand  ?  How  many 
will  wish  to  buy  a  car-load  of  flour  at 
once,  not  to  mention  two  car-loads?  How 
many  farmers,  too,  can  get  the  “  top 
price  ”  for  the  grain  they  wish  to  sell  ? 
Do  not  the  great  majority  rather  have  to 
accept  whatever  price  the  “  rascally  mil¬ 
ler  ”  or  his  first  cousin,  the  grain  buyer, 
may  condescend  to  offer  ?  If  the  farmer 
refuses  to  accept  these  prices,  can  he  ship 
100  bushels  or  so  of  surplus  wheat  to  New 
York  or  any  other  large  grain  market 
with  any  reasonable  certainty  of  realiz¬ 
ing  the  “top  price”  for  it?  The  poor 
innocent  who  believes  that  he  can,  and 
undertakes  to  do  so,  w’ill  get  “  left”  worse 
than  the  “  rascally  miller.”  The  secret 
of  the  whole  business  is  that  there  is  a 
system  of  grading,  of  quotations,  of  dis¬ 
counts  and  percentages  used  in  trade  that 
the  average  farmer  knows  little  about ; 
and  it  isn’t  intended  by  interested  parties 
that  he  should. 
Only  this  morning  a  friend  of  mine,  a 
dealer,  was  showing  me  an  illustrated 
catalogue  of  agricultural  and  miscella¬ 
neous  implements  of  various  kinds,  with 
the  selling  prices  plainly  printed  with 
each  illustration.  We  were  talking  of 
this  very  subject  of  the  blind  discount 
business.  “Now,”  said  he,  “here  is  a 
hand  cider  mill  which  is  priced  at  $15.  I 
can  say  to  a  customer  that  I  can  save 
him  money  in  buying  that ;  can  get 
it  for  him  for  about  $12,  thus  saving  him 
$3.  At  the  same  time  I  can  get  it  for 
about  $9,  possibly  $8,  and  so  be  making 
a  good  thing.”  Still  the  catalogue  was  in¬ 
tended  to  convey  the  idea  that  these  pub¬ 
lished  prices  were  the  lowest  that  could 
be  obtained.  Of  course,  the  initiated 
know  that  this  is  done  “  to  protect  the 
dealers,”  but  the  mass  of  farmers  don’t 
know  it.  This  is  but  a  sample  of  the 
modern  method  of  doing  business  in  this 
direction  ;  though  I  do  not  wish  to  be 
understood  as  intimating  that  there  are 
as  great  discounts  on  flour ;  for  this  is 
too  much  of  a  standard  article. 
The  farmer  here,  within  easy  reach  of 
New  York,  who  buys  a  single  barrel  of 
flour,  will  have  to  pay  about  $6  for  it ; 
while  if  he  buy  a  smaller  quantity,  (and 
more  will  buy  less  at  a  time  than  will 
buy  a  barrel)  he  will  have  to  pay  a  con¬ 
siderably  higher  rate.  The  very  highest 
price  he  will  realize  for  the  quantity  of 
wheat  necessary  to  make  a  barrel  of 
flour  is  about  $4.  It  is  the  sheerest  non¬ 
sense,  not  to  say  an  insult  to  his  intelli¬ 
gence,  for  any  one  to  tell  a  farmer  that 
because  he  is  being  robbed  in  one  way, 
he  can  “  evade  ”  (if  any  one  thinks 
“  evade  ”  is  not  good  in  this  connection, 
let  him  consult  Webster)  it  by  allowing 
himself  to  be  worse  robbed  in  another. 
Medicine  for  Southern  Agriculture. 
W.  P.  Massey,  Wake  County,  N.  C. — 
The  severe  lesson  of  low  prices  is  doing 
more  to  wean  the  farmers  of  the  South 
from  the  one-crop  cotton  system  than 
anything  that  has  ever  happened.  The 
acreage  in  this  State  this  year  has  fallen 
off  fully  one-third.  If  we  could  only  in¬ 
duce  our  farmers  to  farm,  that  is,  to  use 
a  proper  rotation  with  cotton  simply  as 
a  leading  crop  and  grown  at  half  the 
cost  it  now  is,  the  way  out  of  their 
troubles  would  be  plain.  As  The  Rural 
suggests,  the  late  Irish  potato  crop  w  ould 
help  amazingly.  I  have  now  (June  25) 
Irish  potatoes,  grown  here  last  fall,  so 
bright,  solid,  and  unsprouted  that  all  to 
whom  I  show  them  can  hardly  be  con¬ 
vinced  that  they  were  not  grown  this 
summer.  In  a  cool,  dark  cellar  these  keep 
easily  until  July  without  a  sprout. 
Full  as  a  Tick. 
“The  Editor  of  The  Rural  New- 
Yorker  reports  the  Japan  Wineberry 
“again  killed  to  the  ground  ”  at  his  ex¬ 
periment  and  test  grounds  in  Bergen 
County,  N.  J.  Here,  in  Monmouth 
County,  we  have  found  it  for  the  past 
three  winters  perfectly  uninjured  to  the 
tips.” 
So  says  Orchard  and  Garden.  This 
Wineberry  seems  peculiarly  susceptible 
to  anthracnose,  which  is  killing  all  the 
raspberries  at  the  Rural  Grounds.  We  are 
glad  to  have  evidence  of  its  hardiness. 
Though  of  comparatively  little  value  in 
so  far  as  the  fruit  is  concerned,  it  is  yet 
an  odd,  interesting  plant . 
Summer  Layering  the  Grape  Vine. — 
When  the  vineyard  is  not  too  old  and  one 
wishes  to  propagate  some  vines  from  it 
by  summer  layering,  it  may  be  done 
without  taxing  the  vine  sufficiently  to  in¬ 
jure  it.  A  good  cane  should  be  allowed 
to  grow  along  the  ground  until  about  six 
feet  long,  then  pinch  off  the  tip,  which 
will  soon  start  the  laterals.  These  will 
be  upright,  and,  when  nearly  a  foot  high, 
dig  a  trench  four  inches  deep,  lay  the 
vine  in  the  bottom,  first  cutting  off  the 
tendrils  and  leaf  at  the  base  ;  cover  with 
a  few  inches  of  soil  and  press  firmly,  and 
in  a  few  weeks,  fill  up  the  trench  level 
with  the  surface  of  the  ground.  If  some 
of  the  shoots  seem  to  take  the  lead  too 
much,  it  will  be  well  to  give  them  a  pinch 
and  throw  more  of  the  force  into  the 
others.  By  fall  these  will  be  well-rooted 
and  each  shoot  will  have  sufficient  roots 
to  pass  for  a  good  vine . 
Dick  Turpin  robbed  the  rich  and  gat  e 
to  tbe  poor.  The  modern  coal  combine 
robs  the  poor  and  gives  to  the  rich.  Times 
have  changed . 
{Continued  on  next  page.) 
Ip  you  name  The  R.  N.-V.  to  our  advertisers  you 
may  be  pretty  sure  of  prompt  replies  uud  right  treat¬ 
ment. 
For  Harness,  Buggy  Tops,  Saddles,  Fly  Nets 
Traveling  Bags,  Military  Equipments,  Etc. 
Gives  a  beautiful  iinish  which  will  not  peel  or 
crack  off,  smut  or  crock  by  handling.  Not  a  varnish 
Used  by  the  U.  S.  Army  and  is  the  standard 
among  manufacturers  and  owners  of  fine  harness 
in  every  quarter  of  the  globe. 
SOLD  BY  ALL  HARNESS  MAKERS. 
Prickly  Comfrey  Plants. 
Good,  strong  roots.  Send  for  price,  stating  quan¬ 
tity  desired.  Early  orders  solicited.  All  kinds  of 
small  fruit  plants.  Ask  for  catalogue. 
VINE  GROVE  FRUIT  FARM, 
Box  65,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
ENGINES,  m’Ils. 
Threshing  Machines, 
Best  Machinery  at  Lowest  Prices 
A.  B.  FARQUHAR  CO.,  York,  Pa. 
MEND  YOUR  OWN  HARNESS 
THOMSON’S 
SLOTTED 
CLINCH  RIVETS. 
No  tools  required.  Only  a  hammer  needed 
to  drive  and  clinch  them  easily  and  quickly; 
leaving  the  clinch  absolutely  smooth.  Re¬ 
quiring  no  hole  to  be  made  in  the  leather  nor 
burr  for  the  Rivets.  They  are  STRONG,  TOUGH 
and  DURABLE.  Millions  now  in  use.  All 
lengths,  uniform  or  assorted,  put  up  in  boxes. 
Ask  your  dcnlvr  for  them,  or  send  40a 
in  stamps  for  a  box  of  100;  assorted  sizes. 
MANUFACTURED  BY 
JUOSON  L.  THOMSON  MFC.  CO.. 
Waltham,  Mass. 
Eyesight 
RAVED. 
“  My  boy  had  Scarlet 
Fever  when  4  years  old, 
leaving  him  very  weak 
and  with  blood  pois- 
sucii  with  cunkcr. 
His  eyes  became  in¬ 
flamed,  his  sufferings 
were  intense,  and  for  7 
weeks  he  could  not  even 
open  his  eyes.  I  began 
Clifford  Blackman  ff|vil>K  him  HOOD’* 
NAItNAPARIM.A. 
which  soon  cured  him.  1  know  it  xnml  his 
Night,  if  not  his  very  life.”  Abbie  F.  Black¬ 
man,  2888  Washington  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 
HOOD’S  PlLLS  are  the  best  after-dinner  Pills, 
assist  digestion,  cure  headache  and  biliousness. 
- RAPID - 
HARNESS  -  MENDERS. 
Just  Drive  ’Em  In  and  CLINCH  'Em. 
^^j^OLS^^UIREDr 
Tha  Quickest,  Strongest  and  Cheapest  way  to  mend 
your  harness  or  any  strap. 
Every  one  who  owns  a  HORSE  NEEDS  a  box. 
Only  Cost  25c  for  0ns  Gross. 
Tot  Sals  by  Grocery  and  Hardware  Stores  or  send  to 
BUFFALO  SPECIALTY  MFG.  CO., 
PATENTEES  AND  MANUFACTURERS.  BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 
*SoothihQ 
JJealihgs»~ 
PehetratihQJ 
OviE-vor,, 
ORIGINATED 
For  INTERNAL  as  much  as  EXTERNAL  use. 
JOHNSON’S 
Anodyne  Liniment 
Dropped  on  Sugar,  Children  Dove  Jt. 
Traveler  should  have  a  bottle  of  it  in  his  satchel, 
romptly.  Always  ready  to  use.  for  Coughs,  Colds, 
oure  ihroat,  Tonsilitis,  Colic,  Cramps  and  Pams.  Re- 
lieves  Summer  Complaints,  Cuts  and  Bruises  like  magic. 
Croup,  Asthma,  Catarrh,  Br 
i,  Chilblains,  Chaps,  Soreness  ; 
Acts  promptly. 
Sore  Throat,  T 
Complaints,  uuisai 
Cures  Croup,  Asthma,  Catarrh,  Bronchitis,  Cholera- 
Morbus,  Chilblains,  Chaps,  Soreness  in  Body  or  Limbs, 
Stiff  Muscles  or  Strains.  Inhale  for  Nervous  Headache. 
Ill’st’d  Pamphlet  free.  Sold  everywhere.  Price  35  cts. 
Six  bottles,  82.00.  1.  S.  JOHNSON  &  CO.,  Boston,  Mass. 
OUR  HAY  CARRIERS 
are  the  best  suited  for  all  kinds  of  buildings.  Use 
any  Fork  or  Slings.  Sell  direct. 
FOWLER  &  FARRINGTON. 
Taughannock  Falls,  N.  Y. 
BINDER  TWINE 
sale  prices.  Send  stamp  for  samples  oi 
■shipped  anywhere 
1  to  anyone,  in  any 
_ _ i  quantityatwhole- 
priees.  Send  stamp  for  samples  or  write  for  prices, 
CASH  HUYKKS’  UNION.  162  W.Tan  Burro  St.  B  34  Chicago. 
PAINTroofs 
DIXON  S  SILICA  GRAPHITE  PAINT 
W ater  will  run  from  It  pure  and  clean .  It  covers  double 
the  surface  of  any  other  paint,  and  will  last  four  or  five 
tlmetlonger.  Equally  usefulforanylron  work.  Send  for 
circulars.  Job.  Dixon  Crucible  Co.,  Jersey  City,  N,  J. 
AGENTS 
■  ■  PatentChemLnllnl 
WANTED  ON  SALARY 
or  COM  M ISSION ,  to  handle  the  Ne* 
Patent  Chemical  Ink  Erasing  Pencil.  Agents  making 
$50  per  week.  Monroe  Eraser  Mf’g  Co.  x  175,  LaCroawe,  Wla. 
IMPROVED  FARMS  VEStS! 
moderate  prices.  Inquire  of  BAM  UKL  VERPLANCK 
Fishklll-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 
