Aug.  6 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
5o6 
A  Long  Island  Vegetable  Factory. 
A  “Sieve  Farm”  Clogged  with  Manure. 
A  BARRELED  WATER  BUSINESS. 
Part  II. 
A  Dock  That  Does  Not  Dock  Profits. 
A  bulkhead  dock  is  used  long  enough  for  the  Jud 
Field  and  a  schooner  to  lie  together  and  now  there 
are  seven  feet  of  water  at  high  tide.  The  south  end 
of  the  dock  is  covered  by  a  large  two-story  freight 
house  having  rolling  doors  on  each  end  and  on  the  side 
next  the  water,  so  that  teams  can  drive  in  at  one  end, 
unload,  and  drive  out  at  the  other.  Three  teams  can 
stand  in  line  and  unload  under  cover  regardless  of 
rain,  and  as  they  dr  ve  on  out,  all  clogging,  which  is 
so  common  on  the  village  wharf,  is  prevented.  Upstairs 
is  used  for  storage  purposes.  North  of  the  freight 
house  are  the  coal  bins,  and  an  elevated  track  carries  a 
coal  car  to  the  edge  of  the  dock,  so  as  to  leave  the 
north  end  of  the  dock  free  for  unloading  manure.  It 
is  a  pleasing  sight  to  see  the  raw  material  pitched  off 
at  one  end  of  the  dock  and  the  manufactured  product 
trucked  aboard  at  the  other.  Up  the  creek  a  little 
way  is  the  “  navy  yard,”  where  the  Jud  Field  has  her 
winter-quarters  and  it  is  the  home  of  Mr.  Lucius’s 
donkey.  This  is  simply  a  little  side-wheel  steamboat 
used  for  towing  schooners  in  and  out  of  the  bay  and 
for  operating  the  mud  digger.  They  estimate  that  the 
dock  saves  them  $600  or  $800  per  year  besides  being  a 
necessity.  In  fact,  what  these  men  make  is  what  thejr 
save  and  they  save  what  most  men  would  throw  away. 
Vegetable  Machinery.  -Mr.  Lucius  has  laid  out 
the  ground  and  planned  the  campaign  for  1892  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Cabbage,  Early  Jersey  Wakefield,  18%  acres; 
onions,  16  acres,  six  acres  of  which  are  sets;  potatoes 
25%  acres  and  strawberries  2 %  acres;  10  acres 
of  potatoes  will  be  on  the  new  ground  just 
bought.  The  whole  exceeds  the  ordinary  acreage 
by  about  eight  acres.  This  is  the  spring  output. 
As  it  is  necessary  that  in  order  to  receive  the 
requisite  amount  of  water,  each  crop  should 
be  planted  the  first  thing  in  the  spring  and 
as  it  is  impossible  to  do  so,  they  have  devised 
a  very  ingenious  method  of  making  up  lost 
time,  't  hey  plant  the  Early  Ohio  Potato  al¬ 
most  exclusively,  as  that  is  still  the  first  early 
market  variety,  and  with  the  rich  manuring 
and  close  planting  the  crop  gets  here,  the 
only  fault  of  the  variety,  a  light  yield,  is  done 
away  with.  While  Jack  Frost  still  holds  sway 
over  the  ground  the  potatoes  are  cut  and  placed 
in  a  bed  of  sand  in  some  of  the  buildings  where 
they  start  to  grow,  and  after  the  onions  and 
cabbages  are  put  in,  these  sprouted  potatoes 
are  taken  to  the  fields  very  carefully  and  set 
out.  This  seems  almost  like  a  useless  waste  of 
time  and  it  would  not  be  resorted  to  were  it 
not  for  the  early  cabbage  crop,  and  the  time 
lost  while  it  is  being  planted  is  gained  again 
by  the  extra  work  of  sprouting  and  setting  out 
the  young-  potato  shoots.  The  order  of  plant¬ 
ing  in  the  spring  is,  first  onion  seed  and  sets, 
then  cabbages,  next  potatoes  and,  lastly, 
strawberries.  The  crops  that  require  the  most  water  are 
planted  first.  For  second  crops,  the  onions  are  fol¬ 
lowed  by  carrots,  the  cabbages  by  corn,  the  strawber¬ 
ries  picked,  by  Brussel’s  sprouts,  and  the  potatoes  by 
a  variety  of  crops,  such  as  celery,  late  carrots,  Squashes, 
white  beans  and  Hungarian  Grass  for  feeding  the 
horses.  The  corn  crop  although  but  little  of  it  is 
sold,  is  a  valuable  one  nevertheless,  as  it  furnishes 
both  grain  and  fodder,  and  is  the  motive  power  of  the 
farm  teams.  The  corn  plant  is  the  only  grain-bearing 
plant  that  will  adapt  itself  to  this  system  of  intensive 
farming,  and  it  will  develop  in  half  a  season  about 
twice  as  much  grain  as  the  other  cereals  would  in  a 
whole  one,  and  furnish  as  much  forage  as  the  same 
amount  of  meadow,  besides.  Well  cured  corn-fodder 
is  superior  to  ordinary  hay  and  the  grain  is  as  good  as 
if  the  corn  were  planted  for  a  first  crop.  Mr.  Iiallock 
plants  his  corn  between  the  cabbage  rows,  planting 
every  other  row,  and  when  the  cabbage  has  been  all 
cut,  the  cabbage  stumps  are  plowed  away  from  the 
corn,  and  they  cultivate  till  the  corn  is  spindled  out. 
All  crops  are  heavily  manured,  especially  the  early 
cabbage  and  onions,  as  they  receive  both  stable  man¬ 
ure  and  fish  scrap.  The  potatoes  do  not  receive  stable 
manure,  but  fish  scrap  and  chemicals  only,  for  these 
reduce  the  number  of  scabby  potatoes. 
While  chemicals  are  valuable  for  almost  any  crop, 
they  show  for  themselves  more  in  the  potato  lot  than 
anywhere  else.  The  onions  are  manured  higher  than 
any  other  crop,  and  are  planted  and  cultivated  with  the 
Southport  set  of  tools.  Imagine  a  10-acre  field  of 
onions  where  no  horse  has  walked  from  the  time  the 
seed  was  sown,  the  last  of  March,  till  the  gathering 
season  in  August,  and  perfectly  clean  and  free  from 
weeds.  I  have  often  seen  the  tops  reaching  a  man’s 
knees  when  in  the  height  of  growing,  and,  when 
ripe,  one  can  bend  down  and  bring  up  a  peck  with  his 
two  hands.  About  the  first  of  June  the  men  sow  car¬ 
rots  in  the  onions,  sowing  two  rows  and  skipping  one, 
so  both  crops  grow  together  until  the  harvest,  when 
the  onions  are  gathered  into  crates  and  the  carrots  cul¬ 
tivated  with  a  Planet  Jr.  horse  hoe.  The  two  crops 
range  from  1,200  to  1,600  bushels  per  acre. 
Figure  the  Water  Sold  Here. 
Some  little  idea  of  how  crops  grow  and  feed  on  this 
farm,  once  an  abandoned  one,  can  be  gathered  from 
the  following  records  of  the  amounts  raised  in  the  sea¬ 
sons  of  1889  and  1890  : 
SEASON  1889—  AREA  58  ACRES. 
Strawberries .  16,300  quarts. 
Early  cabbage .  5,500  barrels. 
Early  potatoes .  .  3,600  bushels. 
Late  potatoes . 1,600  “ 
Onions  from  sets .  2,400  “ 
Onions  from  seed .  6,800  “ 
Hay .  3  tons. 
Corn  In  the  ear . .  1,800  bushels. 
White  beans .  15 
Carrots .  8,000  *• 
Br ussel's  sprouts .  ....  370  “ 
Onion  seed .  125  pounds. 
Carrot  sets .  20 
Onion  sets .  125  bushels. 
Sweet  corn  for  market .  32.000  ears. 
Cabbage  plants  to  carry  over  winter . 300,000  plants. 
Three  acres  of  Ohio  potatoes,  dug  July  8  to  10,  yielded  400  barrels  of 
marketable  tubers.  Eight  and  one-half  acres  yielded  per  acre  800 
bushels  of  onions  and  586  bushels  of  carrots. 
SEASON  189''— AREA  58  ACRES. 
Strawberries .  15,880  quarts. 
Early  cabbage .  4,800  barrels. 
Early  potatoes .  3,300  bushels. 
Late  potatoes .  1,600  “ 
Onions  from  sets .  3,330  “ 
Onions  from  seed .  ..  4,750  “ 
Carrots .  9,200 
White  beans .  .  50  “ 
Ears  of  corn .  1,800  “ 
Brussel’s  sprouts .  400  “ 
Sweet  corn .  14,000  ears. 
Hay  (estimated) .  3  tons. 
Celery .  8,000  roots. 
Hubbard  squash .  100  barrels. 
Carrot  seed .  25  pounds. 
Onion  seed .  100  “ 
Onion  sets .  ..  10  bushels. 
Cabbage  plants  to  winter . 250,000 
SEASON  OF  1891— AREA  58  ACRES. 
Strawberries .  16,225  quarts. 
Early  cabbage .  4,650  barrels. 
Marrow  squash .  ....  125  “ 
Hubbard  squash .  80 
Early  potatoes .  2,858  bushels. 
Onions  from  sets .  1,350  “ 
Late  potatoes .  1 ,450  “ 
Carrots .  5,000 
Onions  from  seed .  7,000  “ 
Corn  In  the  ear .  1,600 
Brussel’s  sprouts . 225  ” 
Onion  sets .  160 
Hay  (Hungarian) .  4  “ 
Carrot  seed .  20  pounds. 
Onion  seed .  125  “ 
Roots  of  celery .  40,000 
Cabbage  plants  to  carry  over . 275, (/00 
How  Much  Profit  in  It  ? 
How  much  does  Mr.  Hallock  make?  Well  he  knows 
because  he  keeps  accounts.  If  he  let  all  the  outside 
world  examine  his  account  books,  they  would  know  just 
as  much  about  his  business  as  he  does  himself,  for  he 
keeps  nothing  else  screened  from  public  view.  He 
must  make  some  money,  for  when  the  firm  bought  the 
place  20  years  ago  it  wasn’t  worth  over  $6,000  or  $7,000 
and  now,  including  the  steamboat,  mill,  cold  storage 
plant  and  all,  it  is  worth  in  the  neighborhood  of 
$50,000.  Then,  they  have  lived  out  of  it  all  this  time, 
and  one-tenth  of  Mr.  Hallock’s  income  goes  for  Chris¬ 
tian  and  charitable  purposes,  and  money  is  not  want¬ 
ing  to  aid  the  temperance  cause.  Probably  very  little 
money  if  anj^  is  put  in  the  savings  bank,  as  they  are 
not  that  kind  of  men.  Very  many  in  their  headlong 
chase  after  the  golden  eagle,  the  silver  dollar  and  the 
copper  cent  hide  their  talents  in  the  bottom  of  an  old 
stocking,  but  these  men  use  theirs  in  such  a  manner 
that  a  little  of  the  shining  metal  clings  to  every  palm 
it  touches.  They  do  not  farm  for  fun  alone. 
The  Men  Who  Have  Made  the  Farm. 
A  man  to  make  a  success  of  anything  must  be  a  suc¬ 
cess  himself.  The  size  of  any  business  is  the  size  of 
the  manager,  and  a  great  man  does  great  things.  He 
cannot  do  otherwise.  A  great  man  is  made  up  of 
many  good  qualities  well  developed.  The  man  who 
develops  but  one  is  a  crank,  the  man  who  develops 
none  at  all  is  a  fool  ;  these  men  are  well  developed  in 
every  way.  One  of  the  cualities  which  predominates 
with  them — and  a  rare  one  it  is  too — is  common  sense, 
and  they  believe  it  should  be  applied  to  farming.  On 
this  farm  each  crop  is  charged  with  its  actual  cost,  the 
expense  for  manure,  seed,  labor  and  rent  of  land,  and 
is  credited  with  the  proceeds.  With  the  exact  cost  per 
bushel  and  the  average  selling  price,  it  is  an  easy 
matter  to  tell  what  pays  and  what  doesn’t.  There  are 
lots  of  men  who  work  for  nothing  just  to  keep  prices 
down.  If  the  men  who  don’t  make  farming  pay  would 
only  stop,  the  remainder  would  see  some  other  advan¬ 
tages  in  farming  besides  furnishing  a  steady  job. 
Another  thing  is  seed  ra  sing.  The  same  kind  of 
common  sense  that  makes  a  dairyman  keep  good  cows 
and  sell  poor  ones,  makes  a  vegetable  farmer  raise  his 
own  seeds.  What  breed  is  to  a  herd  seed  is  to  a  crop — 
only  more  so.  Use  good  seed,  good  manure  .and  plenty 
of  it,  and  good  tillage  and  Nature  will  do  the  rest. 
Another  thing  that  goes  to  show  common  sense  is 
that,  although  they  are  constantly  experimenting,  it 
is  always  on  a  very  small  scale,  but  with  the  greatest 
accuracy.  Nine  out  of  ten  of  their  experiments  fail  to 
discover  anything  profitable,  so  if  they  had  been  on 
a  large  scale,  the  experimenters  would  have  been 
ruined.  They  have  never  had  such  a  thing  as  a  streak 
of  luck  ;  but  what  they  have  made  has  been  by  doing 
small  things  largely.  Another  quality  that  is  kept 
prominently  in  view  on  this  farm  is  thoroughness  of 
detail.  We  will  mention  one  incident  which  happened 
this  spring,  and  it  will  suffice  to  show  how  everything 
is  done.  Mr.  Lucius  always  tests  the  onion  seeds,  and 
this  year  only  65  per  cent  germinated,  so  he  weighed 
out  one  ounce  of  seed  and  counted  the  number 
of  seeds  it  contained.  As  he  wished  the  onions 
to  stand  one  inch  apart  in  the  row,  it  was  an  easy 
matter  to  know  the  exact  weight  of  seed  per 
acre.  The  most  important  thing  about  the 
onion  crop  is  to  have  a  good  stand,  and  theirs 
is  perfect  this  year.  Mr.  Hallock  says  if  a  man 
wants  to  find  out  about  anything,  he  must 
think  about  it,  and  if  he  does  that,  he  will  learn 
a  great  deal.  What  the  American  farmer  most 
needs  is  to  cultivate  his  “  think  works.”  For 
the  man  who  thinks,  work  is  only  exercise. 
The  members  of  the  firm  are  first  and  fore¬ 
most  in  every  good  work,  and  fully  abreast  of 
the  times.  Active  and  energetic  themselves, 
they  are  ready  to  push  anything  with  which 
they  are  connected.  Their  example  is  con¬ 
tagious,  for  outside  of  their  farm  more  than 
ten  times  as  much  produce  is  raised  in  Orient 
as  there  was  before  they  came  here.  The  Hal- 
locks  have  done  more  for  the  advancement 
of  the  community  than  any  two  men  that  ever 
lived  here.  Why  don’t  other  men  do  like  them? 
Because  they  use  their  heels  instead  of  their 
heads.  One  little  story  and  I  am  done:  One 
day  I  went  into  the  shop,  and  saw  a  lot  of  bar¬ 
rel  heads  neatly  sawed  out,  and  made  some  re¬ 
mark  about  them  to  Mr.  Lucius.  He  said  they 
had  to  have  something  for  the  men  to  do  on  rainy  days, 
and  as  some  of  the  barrels  came  without  any  heads 
they  had  to  put  them  in.  He  said  a  barrel  was  some¬ 
thing  like  a  man,  it  wasn’t  good  for  much  without  a 
head.  Now  you  see  why  the  Hallock  farm  is  a  success. 
Plenty  of  head  work  here.  chas.  l.  young. 
An  English  Dairy  Contest. 
At  Fig.  214  is  shown  a  picture  of  a  scene  quite  fre¬ 
quently  witnessed  at  English  agricultural  shows. 
The  contest  illustrated  took  place  at  the  Royal  Show 
at  Doncaster.  There  were,  in  all  the  classes,  53  entries 
and  $345  were  offered  in  prizes.  The  picture  shows 
several  of  the  contesting  dairymaids  at  work  and  also 
Miss  Maidment,  the  dairy  lecturer.  As  to  this  lady's 
work  the  Agricultural  Gazette,  to  wffiich  we  are  in¬ 
debted  for  the  illustration,  says  : 
We  are,  we  confess,  a  little  inclined  to  an  old-fash¬ 
ioned  prejudice  in  favor  of  male  lecturers,  especially 
for  the  rough  work  of  what  is  practically  open-air 
speaking.  This,  however,  in  these  days  of  women’s 
equality  is  an  untenable  opinion,  and  it  must  be  ad¬ 
mitted  that  if  the  work  of  public  lecturing — for  that 
is  what  it  amounts  to — is  to  be  done  by  feminine  help 
alone,  Miss  Maidment  acquits  herself  very  well. 
Four  contests  were  held,  for  all  comers,  for  mem¬ 
bers  of  a  farmer’s  family  not  working  for  wages,  for 
dairymaids  in  service  and  for  local  dairymaids.  Each 
girl  was  given  a  certain  amount  of  cream,  all  being 
as  nearly  uniform  as  possible.  With  an  even  start 
they  all  went  ahead  and  churned  and  worked  up  the 
butter  to  suit  themselves.  Competent  judges  watched 
them  at  their  work  and  graded  the  butter  as  to  quality 
and  quantity,  awarding  the  prize  to  the  one  ranking 
highest.  These  contests  are  always  well  attended 
and  are  very  popular  in  England.  There  is  no  appar¬ 
ent  reason  why  similar  exhibitions  should  not  prove 
a  very  good  attraction  in  this  country  as  well. 
