THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
Aug.  20 
55o 
Odds  and  Ends. 
Prof.  Norman  Robinson  of  the  Flor- 
da  Experiment  Station,  praises  tobacco 
stems  for  use  around  orange  trees.  They 
make  a  good  mulch  and  are  richer  in  fer¬ 
tility  than  any  other  mulching  substance. 
After  speaking  of  the  good  effects  of 
stable  manure  and  fertilizers  he  says : 
An  orange  tree  is  not  unlike  a  domestic 
animal  or  human  being.  It  occasionally 
likes  a  change  of  diet,  and  I  know  of  no 
“side  dish”  that  I  can  more  cordially 
recommend  than  a  liberal  one  of  Ken¬ 
tucky  tobacco  stems. 
Strange  as  it  may  seem,  the  chemists 
and  doctors  are  now  discovering  several 
valuable  curative  principles  in  tobacco. 
Go  and  Do  Likewise. — The  following 
dialogue  is  reported  from  Georgia.  Give 
us  more  of  this  “  free  coinage  of  corn 
culture.”  A  colored  farmer  was  the 
speaker : 
“  I’s  de  fool  no  longer.  I’s  done  l’arnt 
some  sense !  ” 
“  How's  that,  uncle  ?”  a  white  gentle¬ 
man  inquired. 
“  Well,  you  sees,  boss,  ebber  sense  free¬ 
dom  de  black  folks  hcz  been  raisin’  cot¬ 
ton,  cotton,  cotton.  Yea’  afo’  las'  de  white 
man  tuck  all  de  crop  ter  pay  fuh  de  gwan- 
ner — ‘  de  fertilize  bils,’  he  says — an’  I 
deu  ’clare  ’fo’  God  I’s  gwine  ter  quit  buy- 
in’  ‘  fertilize  bills,’  an’  den  fix  de  writin’ 
so  de  white  man  git  all  de  crop  in  de  fall 
ob  de  yea.’  I  done  quit  dat,  sho’.  Las’ 
yea’  I  raise  de  crap  o’  cawn  ;  an’  now  I’s 
got  de  cawn  in  de  crib,  an'  I’s  sellin’ 
cawn  to  de  white  man,  an’  de  white  man 
he  got  de  cotton  in  de  gin  house,  an’  he 
say  he  can't  sell  a  poun',  esseptin’  at  less 
dan  de  cos’,  an’  I’s  got  de  cawn  to  sell ; 
an’  I  gits  de  cash  ebbery  day  fo’  dat.  Dis 
yea’  J  done  plant  all  cawn,’  an’  no  cotton 
agin.  An’  I  ain’t  gwine  to  be  fool  no 
longer,  des  plantin’  cotton  all  de  time. 
I’s  done  l’arnt  some  sense  !  ” 
Sense  in  a  Sparrow. — A  writer  in  Har¬ 
per’s  Young  People  tells  a  story  of  a  lit¬ 
tle  sparrow  which,  in  trying  to  fly,  fell 
behind  a  window  grating  so  that  it  could 
not  get  out.  Several  fierce  cats  saw  the 
little  bird  and  tried  to  get  at  it.  Then 
ensued  the  following : 
Two  large  male  sparrows  alighted  upon 
the  yard  pavement,  and  not  more  than 
three  feet  away  from  the  cats,  who  were 
still  intent  upon  the  fluttering  youngster 
behind  the  window  grating.  Then  the 
mother  bird  fluttered  in  the  air  just  over 
the  cats,  screaming  and  scolding,  and  be¬ 
ing  answered  vehemently  by  all  her 
friends.  The  two  sparrows  on  the  pave¬ 
ment  kept  hopping  about  dangerously 
near  to  the  cats,  chirping  and  scolding 
also.  Their  little  game,  of  course,  was 
to  distract  the  cats’  attention  from  the 
young  bird,  and  this  they  succeeded  in 
doing  so  well  that  the  cats  alternately 
chased  them  and  then  attacked  the  bird 
behind  the  bars. 
This  performance  was  continued  off 
and  on  for  two  whole  days,  the  cats  giving 
up  the  contest  from  time  to  time.  “When 
the  cat  is  away,  the  mice  will  play,”  the 
old  saying  goes.  In  this  case,  when  the 
cats  were  away,  the  mother  bird  flew  in 
behind  the  grating  and  fed  her  offspring, 
and  also  gave  him  lessons  in  flying  until 
the  young  bird  could  fly  high  enough  to 
reach  the  opening  he  had  originally  fallen 
through,  and  then,  assisted  by  the  parent 
birds,  he  managed  to  reach  a  vine  that 
trailed  from  the  fence  to  the  extension 
windows,  and  so  he  was  saved. 
Liquid  Manures. — James  Wilson,  Di¬ 
rector  of  the  Iowa  Station,  reports  an 
experiment  with  liquid  manure.  The 
“dark  colored  sediment”  that  flowed 
from  the  manure  heaps  was  dipped  into 
barrels  and  applied  to  several  rows  of 
corn.  These  gave  an  increase  at  the  rate 
of  23  bushels  per  acre  over  those  not  so 
treated.  Not  only  was  the  yield  heavier, 
but  the  plants  were  greener  and  health¬ 
ier  in  every  way.  This  gives  a  faint  idea 
of  what  is  lost  every  year  in  the  leach- 
ings  from  the  average  barnyard.  Many 
Eastern  farmers  build  deep  cisterns  into 
which  they  drain  all  the  barn  leachings. 
These  are  pumped  into  a  barrel  cart  like 
the  one  shown  in  a  late  Rural,  and 
sprinkled  over  the  grass  and  grain. 
Dipping  it  up  in  barrels  is  slow  and  nasty 
business.  It  is  well  for  our  Iowa  friends 
to  realize  that  the  best  of  their  manure 
runs  away  in  the  leachings.  There  is 
another  lesson  too — which  is  that  a  little 
soluble  fertilizer  scattered  through  the 
rows  of  corn  would  have  increased  the 
yield  quite  as  much  as  the  liquid  manure, 
and  Avould  have  been  easier  to  handle. 
It  will  pay  pretty  well  to  apply  the 
liquid  manure  alone.  Prof.  S.  A.  Beach 
says  about  this  : 
A  Geneva  market  gardener  claims  that 
the  application  of  liquid  manure  last 
season  gave  potatoes  from  a  week  to  10 
days  earlier  than  those  not  so  treated 
and  he  thinks  it  gave  an  increased  yield 
also. 
Enemies  of  Feathered  Folks. — The 
keepers  at  Central  Park  have  trouble  in 
raising  their  rare  birds.  A  black  swan 
recently  hatched  out  five  cygnets.  Prowl¬ 
ing  cats  killed  four  of  them  in  three 
days.  It  is  the  same  with  other  high- 
priced  birds.  Stray  cats  and  dogs  are 
sure  to  get  more  than  their  share.  What 
do  you  think  of  this  statement : 
The  food  thrown  out  to  the  regular 
denizens  of  the  Park  attracts  rats  and 
mice.  The  former  are  peculiarly  large, 
f  it,  sleek  and  audacious  creatures,  that 
dare  to  attack  almost  any  of  the  caged 
wild  beasts.  They  actually  visited  the 
hippopotamus  and  gnawed  at  her  tough, 
thick  hide  until  it  was  scarred  and  sore. 
They  have  just  been  at  the  ostrich,  and 
the  bird  is  under  treatment  for  painful 
wounds.  If  a  monkey  dies  overnight 
his  body  is  half  eaten  before  morning. 
The  rats  swarm  by  hundreds  in  the  Park, 
and  are  especially  plentiful  about  the 
menagerie  and  the  lower  lake.  It  is  not 
safe  to  set  poison  for  them,  and  it  is  sup¬ 
posed  that  to  exterminate  them  is  prac¬ 
tically  impossible.  Terriers  have  killed 
a  good  many,  but  a  single  terrier  makes 
small  impression  upon  the  swarms  of 
vermin.  A  keeper  who  had  a  terrier 
found  the  dog  helpless  and  actually 
paralyzed  one  morning,  while  all  about 
him  lay  the  bodies  of  73  rats  which  he 
had  killed  overnight.  The  dog  had  to 
be  killed,  as  he  was  beyond  recover y. 
The  rats  are  seen  frequently  enough  by 
day,  but  at  night  a  flash  light  shows 
them  by  the  dozen.  Some  are  nearly  as 
large  as  small  monkeys.  They  swim 
along  the  edge  of  the  lower  lake,  find 
their  way  into  the  quarters  of  the  ani¬ 
mals  and  play  about  the  aviaries,  on  the 
watch  for  unwary  fowls. 
It  is  a  pity  the  cats  won’t  try  rat  meat 
in  the  place  of  swan. 
If  you  name  The  R.  N.-Y.  to  our  advertisers  you 
may  be  pretty  sure  of  prompt  replies  and  right 
treatment. 
THE  BEST  ARTICLE 
IS  THE  CHEAPEST. 
BUHACH 
Is  the  llest.  Purest  ami  Most  Effective  In¬ 
sect  Powder  upon  the  Market. 
DY  ITS  INTELLIGENT  USE  HOTELS, 
Restaurants,  Saloons,  Stores,  Offices,  as  well  as 
Field,  Orchard,  Garden  and  Conservatory  may 
be  kept  free  from  all  troublesome  insects  It  Is  now 
regarded  as  a  necessity  in  most 
of  the  principal  hotels  In  the 
United  States  and  wherever  it  has 
been  introduced  it  has  given  com¬ 
plete  satisfaction.  Owing  to  an 
increased  production  of  Pyre- 
thrum  flowers,  from  which  this 
valuable  article  is  made,  and 
their  improved  facilities  for  re¬ 
ducing  them  to  powder,  the  man¬ 
ufacturers  have  this  season  made  a  material  reduc¬ 
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package  shows  the  trade-mark  of  the  sole  manufac¬ 
turers,  BUHACH  PRODUCING  AND  MFG.  CO., 
Stockton,  Cal. 
For  sale  by  all 
SEEDSMEN  ANI)  DRUGGISTS. 
1  HOME  IS  WilTING 
BOOKS 
SPRAYING  CROPS:  Why,  When  and 
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Spraying  Against  Insects.  Feeding-Habits  of  In¬ 
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IMPROVING  THE  FARM  :  Or,  Methods 
of  Culture  that  shall  afford  a  profit,  and  at  the 
same  time  increase  the  fertility  of  the  soil.  By 
LUCIUS  D.  Davis. 
The  contents  treat  exhaustively  on  renewing  run¬ 
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Book  Farming.  The  Run-Down  Farm.  Will  It  Pay 
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Thorough  Tillage.  Rotation  of  Crops.  Green  Man¬ 
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HOW  TO  RID  BUILDINGS  AND  FARMS 
OF  RATS,  Mice,  Gophers,  Ground-Squirrels, 
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CROSS-BREEDING  AND  HYBRIDIZ¬ 
ING: — The  Philosophy  of  the  Crossing  of  Plants,  con¬ 
sidered  with  Reference  to  their  Cultivation.— By 
L.  H.  Bailey. 
The  main  subject-matter  of  this  book  was  delivered 
as  a  lecture  before  the  Massachusetts  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  in  Boston,  December  1, 1891.  Like  all  the 
writings  of  Professor  Bailey,  it  happily  combines  the 
results  of  faithful  study  and  exhaustive  practical 
experiment,  in  a  style  which  is  at  once  simple  yet 
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Rural  Library  Series.  Price,  paper,  40  cents. 
THE  MODIFICATION  OF  PLANTS  BY 
CLIMATE.— By  A.  A.  CKOZIKR. 
An  essay  on  the  influence  of  climate  upon  size, 
form,  color,  fruitfulness,  etc.,  with  a  discussion  on 
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THE  CAULIFLOWER. — By  A.  A.  Cro- 
zier.  Origin  and  History  of  this  increasingly 
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The  Cauliflower  Industry.— In  Europe.  In  the 
United  States.  Importation  of  Cauliflowers. 
Management  of  the  Crop.— Soil.  Fertilizers.  Plant¬ 
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The  Early  Crop.— Caution  against  planting  it 
largely.  Special  directions.  Buttoning. 
Cauliflower  Regions  of  the  United  States. — Upper 
Atlantic  Coast.  Lake  Region.  Prairie  Region.  Cauli¬ 
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Insect  and  Fungous  Enemies.— Flea-Beetle.  Cut- 
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Cauliflower-Seed.— Importance  of  careful  selec¬ 
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Varieties.— Descriptive  Catalogue.  Order  of  earll- 
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Broccoli.— Difference  between  Broccoli  and  Cauli¬ 
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Cooking  Cauliflower.  —  Digestibility.  Nutritive 
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INSECTS  AND  INSECTICIDES.  —  A 
For  you  In  the  great  State  of  Minnesota -the  poor 
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worth  $5,000  to-day.  If  you  have  a  little  money  and 
a  large  amount  of  energy  write  us.  We  are  selling 
farms  to  people  from  nearly  every  State  In  the 
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GEO.  K.  BOUTELLE,  Waterville,  Me. 
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to  GLEN  liKOS.,  Roc  hester,  N.  Y. 
Practical  Manual  Concerning  Noxious  Insects 
and  the  Methods  of  Preventing  their  Injuries.  By 
Clarence  M.  Weed,  Professor  of  Entomology 
and  Zoology,  New  Hampshire  State  College. 
1  think  that  you  have  gotten  together  a  very  useful 
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Entomologist. 
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Editor  American  Agriculturist. 
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POPULAR  ERRORS  ABOUT  PLANTS, 
—By  A.  A.  Crozier. 
A  collection  of  errors  and  superstitions  entertained 
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TUBEROUS  BEGONIAS:  Culture  and 
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Management  of  a  Most  Promising  Race  of  Plants 
New  to  American  Gardens.— By  Numerous 
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Reproduced  from  The  American  Garden  with 
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THE  RURAL  PUBLISHING 
TO  BUY. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM -CULTURE  FOR 
AMERICA.  BY  JAMBS  MORTON.  An  excellent 
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The  contents  include  Propagation  by  Grafting,  In¬ 
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and  Tying.  General  Culture.  Insects  and  Diseases. 
Standard  Chrysanthemums.  Sports  and  Variations. 
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THE  NEW  BOTANY:  A  Lecture  on  the 
best  method  of  Teaching  the  Science.  Valuable 
to  Students  and  Amateurs,  being  a  Useful  Guide 
in  Studying  “  The  Beautiful  Science.”— By  W.  J. 
Beal,  M.Sc.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Botany,  Agri¬ 
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LANDSCAPE  GARDENING.— By  Elias 
a.  Long. 
A  practical  treatise  comprising  32  diagrams  of  ac¬ 
tual  grounds  and  parts  of  grounds,  with  copious  ex¬ 
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peared  in  the  serial,  “  Taste  and  Tact  in  Arranging 
Home  and  Other  Grounds,”  which  has  been  so  at¬ 
tractive  a  feature  of  Popular  Gardening  and  The 
American  Garden  during  the  past  year.  But  in 
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MY  HANDKERCHIEF  GARDEN  :  Size 
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Being  an  explicit  account  of  Mr.  Barnard's  actual 
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JUST  OUT. 
Fruit  Culture, 
and  the  Laying  Out  and 
Management  of  a  Country 
Home. — By  W.  C.  Strong,  Ex- 
President  of  the  Massachusetts  Hor¬ 
ticultural  Society,  and  Vice-Presi¬ 
dent  of  the  American  Bornological 
Society.  Illustrated.  New  revised 
edition,  with  many  additions,  mak¬ 
ing  it  the  latest  and  freshest  book 
on  the  subject. 
CONTENTS. 
I.  Rural  Homes— Choice  of  Locality— Treat¬ 
ment— A  Good  Lawn— The  Approach. 
II.  Fruits— Location  of  the  Fruit-Garden— Suc¬ 
cess  in  Fruit-Culture— Profit  in  Fruit  Cul¬ 
ture. 
III.  How  to  Procure  Trees— Quality— How  to 
Plant— Time  to  Plant— Preparing  the  Land 
—Fertilizers— Cutting  Back— Distances  for 
Planting. 
IV.  Care  of  the  Fruit-Garden— Irrigation— Ap¬ 
plication  of  Fertilizers— Thinning  the  Fruit 
—Labels. 
V.  '.he  Apple— Insects  Injurious  to  the  Apple. 
VI.  The  Pear— Dwarf  Pears— Situation  and  Soil- 
Pruning— Ripening  the  Fruit— Insects  In¬ 
jurious  to  the  Pear— Diseases. 
VII.  The  Peach— Injurious  Insects  and  Diseases  of 
the  Peach— Nectarines. 
VIII.  The  Plum— Insects  and  Diseases  of  the  Plum 
—Apricots. 
IX.  The  Cherry— Insects  Injurious  to  the  Cherry 
X.  The  Quince— Insects  Injurious  to  the  Quince 
XI.  The  Grape  — Grape-Houses  — Varieties— In 
sects  Injurious  to  the  Grape— Mildew. 
XII.  The  Currant— Insects  Attacking  the  Curran 
—The  Gooseberry. 
XIII.  The  Raspberry— The  Blackberry. 
XIV.  The  Strawberry. 
XV.  The  Mulberry— The  Fig— Rhubarb— Aspar¬ 
agus. 
XVI.  Propagating  Fruit  Trees— From  the  Seed— By 
Division— By  Cuttings— By  Layers— By  Bud¬ 
ding— By  Grafting. 
XVII.  Insecticides— Fungicides— Recipes. 
“  Mr.  Strong  gives  evidence  of  that  thorough  grasp  of 
the  subject  which  he  has  gained  from  30  years'  experi¬ 
ence  as  an  orchardist.  His  book  is  a  simple,  clear 
well-condensed  manual  of  practical  information  on 
the  fundamental  principles  involved  in  the  success¬ 
ful  cultivation  of  each  species  of  fruit.”— Boston 
Advertiser. 
“  In  no  branch  of  intelligence  has  there  heen  so 
much  advance  as  in  horticulture.  Every  yea  solves 
new  problems  insoluble  before,  and  with  new  ideas 
new  books  follow.  It  is  in  just  this  line  (in  the  en¬ 
deavor  to  elucidate  fundamental  principles)  that  Mr. 
Strong  believes  he  finds  an  unoccupied  field,  and  this 
book  is  the  result.”— Thomas  Meehan,  In  Gardener’s 
Monthly. 
“  A  most  inspiring  little  book,  and  one  that  fairly 
makes  the  mouth  water,  the  subjects  treated  are  so 
suggestive  of  flavor  and  fineness.” — Philadelphia 
Ledger. 
“There  is  very  little  In  this  book  that  will  not  be 
found  applicable  to  fruit  culture  in  the  South  as  well 
as  the  North.” — Charleston  News  and  Courier. 
“The  author  has  shown  excellent  judgment  In 
giving  |he  particular  information  which  small  fruit 
raisei  i  wish  to  know.”— Boston  Transcript. 
“The  directions  are  specific  enough  to  be  under¬ 
stood  by  beginners  and  wise  enough  to  be  of  profit  to 
experienced  fruit  growers  ."—Home  and  Farm  (Louis¬ 
ville). 
Price,  in  one  volume,  16mo.,  cloth,  fl. 
CO.,  Times  Building,  New  York. 
