1892 
TIIE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
7o5 
^ural  Life  Notes. 
Chemicals  and  Clover. — This  is  the 
title  of  a  pamphlet  of  34  pages,  written  by 
H.  W.  Collingwood,  Managing  Editor 
of  The  Rural  New-Yorker,  says  the 
American  Agriculturist.  In  a  clear,  con¬ 
cise  manner  it  gives  a  record  of  success- 
full  farm  operations  where  a  high-grade 
complete  manure  and  sod  supply  a 
cheaper  manure  than  that  obtained  from 
keeping  live  stock.  There  are  thousands 
of  farmers,  as  well  as  city  residents,  who 
own  large  country  seats  and  farms,  who 
have  found  it  a  losing  business  to  try  to 
bring  up  their  land  to  fertility  by  buy¬ 
ing  animal  manures.  For  these,  espe¬ 
cially,  the  perusal  of  this  pamphlet  will 
open  new  and  bright  vistas,  through 
which  they  can  see  a  way  to  improve 
their  farms,  not  only  without  loss,  but 
with  actual  profit.  The  value  of  the 
system  of  rotation,  and  the  enriching  of 
the  soil,  here  described  in  detail  and  as 
actually  carried  out  by  intelligent  farm¬ 
ers,  is  so  plainly  demonstrated  that  no 
reader  of  it  can  be  left  in  doubt  as  to  its 
great  importance.  One  great  advantage 
of  this  system,  as  practiced  on  the  Lewis 
Farm  in  New  Jersey,  is  that  all  the  farm 
manure  is  used  on  corn  instead  of  on 
wheat  or  other  crops.  The  hot  summer 
after  June  is  particularly  favorable  for 
the  action  of  the  chemical  processes  of 
the  soil,  including  nitrification,  and  in 
converting  farm  manure  and  all  coarse 
materials  in  the  soil  into  available  plant- 
food.  Corn,  during  its  long  summer 
growth,  can  freely  use  these  manurial 
supplies.  Not  so  with  wheat,  for  its 
growth  stops  soon  after  the  corn  crop 
has  fairly  started  growing.  When  1,500 
pounds  of  fertilizer  are  used  on  an  acre 
of  potatoes,  with  wheat  and  grass  to  fol¬ 
low,  it  means  only  annual  applications 
of  less  than  500  pounds.  It  is  concentra¬ 
tion  everywhere.  The  potatoes  pay  for 
it  all.  While  the  sales  of  hay  from  this 
farm  are  heavy,  this  item  is  almost  clear 
gain,  because  the  potatoes  have  paid  for 
all  the  fertilizer  needed  for  three  or  four 
years.  Not  only  that,  but  they  paid  for 
it  in  the  same  year  it  was  bought.  This 
fact  cannot  be  too  often  repeated — it  is 
the  keynote  of  the  success  with  ferti¬ 
lizers.  If,  instead  of  using  1,500  pounds 
on  the  potatoes,  these  farmers  should 
use  500  pounds  on  potatoes,  500  on  wheat 
and  500  on  grass,  their  bills  would  be  as 
high  as  now,  the  labor  three  times  as 
great,  and  the  crops  of  potatoes  cut  down 
nearly  one-half,  with  but  a  small  increase 
in  grain  and  hay.  It  will  thus  be  seen 
that  the  rotation  is  one  particularly  well 
suited  to  the  use  of  chemicals.  This  sys¬ 
tem  of  complete  manuring  with  rotation 
was  devised  and  developed  by  Mr.  Chas. 
V.  Mapes . 
It  is  now  about  20  years  since  Dr.  T. 
H.  Hoskins,  the  agricultural  editor  of 
the  Vermont  Watchman,  obtained  from 
its  originator,  Peter  M.  Gideon,  of  Excel¬ 
sior,  Minn.,  the  first  scions  of  the  Wealthy 
apple.  This  was  about  the  same  time 
that  he  found  the  Scott’s  Winter  apple  in 
the  orchard  of  the  farmer  after  whom  it 
is  named.  The  original  trees  of  both 
varieties  were  then  just  coming  into 
bearing,  and,  unlike  a  great  many  other 
cases,  both  have  proved  to  exceed  in 
value  any  estimate,  even  the  most  favor¬ 
able,  which  was  made  at  the  start . 
Both  these  apples  (Wealthy  and  Scott’s 
Winter)  are  now  leading  sorts  in  every 
nursery  from  New  Brunswick  to  Da¬ 
kota.  In  order  to  test  their  relative 
merits,  Dr.  Hoskins  16  years  ago  set  an 
orchard  of  two  acres  exclusively  to  these 
varieties,  and  they  have  been  by  far  the 
most  profitable  part  of  his  whole  planta¬ 
tion  of  fruit  trees.  These  trees  were 
planted  alternately  in  every  row,  15  feet 
apart  in  the  rows  (the  rows  30  feet),  with 
the  intention  of  taking  out  every  other 
tree  as  soon  as  they  began  to  crowd  each 
other.  But  the  Wealthy s  have  now 
nearly  all  borne  themselves  to  death, 
while  the  Scots  remain  all  sound  and 
productive — in  fact,  are  just  reaching 
their  prime . 
It  is  evident  from  this  that  the  Wealthy 
is  a  short-lived  tree  ;  but,  as  it  begins  to 
bear  almost  as  soon  as  set  out,  and  bears 
heavily  and  persistently  as  long  as  there 
is  a  limb  left,  it  is  still  very  profitable 
to  plant . 
It  is  a  quite  common  complaint  against 
the  Wealthy  that  it  does  not  keep  well, 
and,  in  fact,  it  is  very  easy  to  treat  it  so  as 
to  fully  mature  by  or  even  before  the  holi¬ 
days,  and  not  to  last  much  beyond  them. 
But,  if  the  apples  are  carefully  gathered 
in  cool  days,  just  as  soon  as  the  seeds 
are  colored  (which  will  be  about  the 
middle  of  September)  and  placed  in  a 
cool  cellar,  of  which  the  windows  are 
kept  open  as  long  as  possible,  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  keeping  them  through 
March . 
The  Scott's  Winter,  on  the  other  hand, 
is  very  easy  to  keep  until  May,  and  has 
been  kept  perfectly  sound  up  to  August.. 
Apples,  to  keep  well,  must  be  kept 
continuously  from  the  time  of  gathering 
in  a  cool  and  even  temperature,  as  near 
freezing  as  possible.  This,  aside  from 
careful  gathering,  assorting  and  han¬ 
dling,  is  the  secret  of  keeping  apples. . . . 
The  Roenbeck  Grape  originated  with 
J.  W.  Trask  at  Bergen  Point,  N.  J.  A 
vine  was  sent  to  the  Rural  Grounds  No¬ 
vember  30,  1885,  but  it  proved  to  be  ten¬ 
der  there.  It  is  a  splendid  grape  as  to 
quality,  being  free  of  pulp,  sweet,  meaty, 
tender.  Its  parentage  is  unknown,  but 
it  is  probably  more  Vinifera  than  native. 
Have  any  of  our  friends  tried  it  ? . 
Mr.  A.  S.  Fuller  tells  “  Gardening  ” 
that  he  planted  50  Paragon  chestnut  trees 
last  spring  and  all  are  alive.  He  says 
also  that  he  has  a  filbert  orchard  of  250 
trees  which  make  a  handsome  show,  as 
many  are  in  bearing.  Unfortunately 
blight  is  among  them  and  the  end  may 
not  be  far  off . 
TnERE  is  a  tendency  among  school 
children,  and  especially  among  school¬ 
girls,  The  Youth’s  Companion  instruct¬ 
ively  points  out,  to  assume  habitual  pos¬ 
tures  both  in  sitting  and  standing.  The 
habit  of  throwing  all  the  weight  of  the 
body  on  one  leg  produces  a  corresponding 
throwing  of  the  upper  part  of  the  body 
toward  the  opposite  side  in  order  to  es¬ 
tablish  the  necessary  equilibrium.  This 
tends,  of  course,  to  curve  the  spinal  col¬ 
umn,  on  which  the  upper  part  of  the 
body  is  supported . 
P.  J.  Bkrckmans,  President  of  the 
American  Pomological  Society  and  the 
most  experienced  fruit  grower  of  the 
South,  says  that  “  rosette,”  that  dread¬ 
ful  enemy  to  peach  and  plum  trees,  has  of 
late  years  appeared  throughout  many 
sections  of  the  South,  and  unless  the  ut¬ 
most  vigilance  is  practiced,  disastrous  re¬ 
sults  to  the  peach-growing  industry  will 
follow.  The  disease  appears  in  spring, 
and  in  affected  trees  the  leaves  assume  a 
yellow  and  sickly  appearance;  are  small 
and  crowded  in  a  bunch.  The  tree  sel¬ 
dom  survives  the  first  summer,  and  to 
prevent  the  rapid  contamination  of  other 
trees,  immediate  uprooting  and  burning 
must  be  resorted  to.  The  disease  is 
violently  contagious,  and  no  preventive 
so  far  discovered.  All  wild  plums  should 
be  destroyed,  as  the  disease  often  first 
appears  among  these,  and  is  thus  rapidly 
carried  to  cultivated  trees . 
Pres.  Bekckmans  has  in  his  nursery — 
near  Augusta,  Ga. — about  20,000  Japan 
persimmons  of  various  kinds . 
Our  friend  J.  M.  Smith,  of  Green  Bay, 
Wis.,  tells  the  Ohio  Farmer  that  he  is 
somewhat  proud  of  his  Early  Ohio  pota¬ 
toes.  He  procured  the  seed  some  15  or 
more  years  ago,  and  has  been  selecting 
the  large,  smooth  and  finest  samples  of 
them  for  seed  from  that  time  to  the 
present.  They  have  not  been  allowed  to 
get  mixed  with  samples  from  any  other 
source.  The  result  is  that  they  have 
improved,  and  for  some  years  past  have 
been  large,  smooth,  and  beautiful  pota¬ 
toes,  and  of  excellent  quality . 
Two  peach  trees  of  the  same  variety 
stand  24  feet  apart,  in  sod,  says  a  writer 
in  the  New  York  Tribune.  Both  bore 
full  crops  last  season  and  both  blossomed 
full  this  year.  Two  bushels  of  hard¬ 
wood,  unleached  ashes  were  spread  under 
one,  out  as  far  as  the  branches  extend  ; 
but  none  under  the  other.  The  former 
bore  this  season  two  bushels  of  large, 
well-colored  fruit,  and  the  latter  but  23 
small,  inferior,  uneolored  specimens . 
If  we  saw  the  necessity  of  fertilizing  a 
fruit  orchard  of  any  kind  and  did  not 
know  what  food  constituents  the  soil 
most  needed,  we  would  venture  to  spread 
raw  bone  flour  and  potash  (whether  sul¬ 
phate,  muriate  or  carbonate,  as  in  un¬ 
leached  ashes)  liberally . 
Pi0aUattt0usi 
In  writing  to  advertisers  please  always  mention 
Tub  Rural. 
A  NEW ,  GOOD  AND  PROFITABLE 
CHERRY. 
THE  VILUGE  HURSERIES 
have  the  honor  of  Introducing  to  the  public  a 
grand,  new  cherry.  At  Prof.  Van  Deman’s  sugges¬ 
tion  they  call  It 
“  MERCER.” 
Their  Descriptive  Catalogue  describes  It,  and  also 
gives  a  fair  description  of  the  stock  they  have  of 
Ornamental  and  Fruit  Trees, 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  AND  OTHER 
SMALL  FRUITS. 
8tock  by  mall  postpaid.  No  extra  charge  for 
packing.  Special  estimates  on  very  large  orders. 
Catalogue  Free.  Address 
The  Japan  Golden  Russet  Pear  is  as 
much  a  curiosity,  in  so  far  as  shape  is 
concerned,  as  was  the  Peen-to  among 
peaches.  It  is  scarcely  more  than  two 
inches  and  a  half  in  diameter  from  the 
stem  to  the  calyx,  while  it  is  nearly  one- 
third  more  in  diameter  measured  at  right 
angles.  The  tree  thrives  with  Prof. 
Budd  of  Iowa,  who  believes  it  to  be  a 
native  of  Russia.  It  fruits  very  early 
and  abundantly  and  the  fruit  is  valued 
for  culinary  use.  William  Parry  thinks 
that  its  thick,  tough,  leathery  leaves  will 
adapt  the  tree  to  dry,  hot  climates  where 
the  ordinary  kinds  cannot  live . 
The  President  of  the  Idaho  Pear  Co. 
sends  us  (October  5)  an  Idaho  Pear  of 
about  the  same  quality,  size  and  form  as 
those  he  has  sent  each  fall  fqr  several 
years  past.  The  Idaho  has  a  distinct  ap¬ 
pearance  and  excellent  quality  to  com¬ 
mend  it  wherever  it  may  be  found  to  suc¬ 
ceed.  We  have,  as  yet,  no  evidence  that 
the  Rural  Grounds  will  prove  to  be  one 
of  those  places,  as  The  Rural  was  the 
first  paper  to  bring  it  to  public  notice.. . . 
Abstracts. 
- Turkish  Proverbs:  “Don’t  take  a 
wife  during  the  holiday  season  and  don’t 
buy  a  horse  in  bad  Weather.” 
“  Two  knives  cannot  find  room  in  one 
sheath  nor  two  loves  in  one  heart.” 
“  When  you  are  buying  a  horse  don’t 
consult  a  pedestrian,  and  when  you  are 
courting  a  woman  don’t  ask  advice  of  a 
bachelor.” 
“  Wounds  caused  by  a  sword  can  be 
healed,  out  wounds  caused  by  a  tongue 
cannot.” 
- Dr.  Gray:  “There  appears  to  be  a 
real  ground  in  Nature  for  species,  not¬ 
withstanding  the  difficulty  and  even  im¬ 
possibility  in  many  cases  of  defining  and 
limiting  them.” 
- Journal  of  Commerce:  “It  is  no 
justification  of  slavery  that  the  victim  if 
his  fetters  were  broken  might  not  make 
a  good  use  of  his  rightful  independence.” 
- Rev.  Dr.  Collyer:  “To  spend  our 
spare  pennies  for  books  is  one  of  the  best 
investments  we  can  make.” 
“  You  may  think  it  is  a  matter  of  sour 
grapes,  but  indeed  it  is  true,  that  I  would 
not  give  my  library  to-day  for  some 
dukedoms  I  know  of  if  for  the  rest  of  my 
life  I  must  be  deprived  of  their  match¬ 
less  companionship.” 
- N.  Y.  Herald  :  “  Rev.  Plink  Plunk 
on  Luck. — It  hez  often  struck  me,  deah 
breddern,  dat  de  ‘luck’  ob  some  men  is 
simply  de  nacheral  result  ob  dere  own 
goaheadedness,  shrewdness,  ability  an’ 
pluck.” 
“  On  Destruction. — Wen  a  man  stahts 
down  hill,  deah  breddern,  de  debble 
ginerally  takes  care  dat  de  wheels  are 
greased,  dat  de  hritchin’  strap  breaks, 
an’  dat  de  check  line  comes  off  de  hook 
at  de  fust  mile  ob  de  journey.” 
- Theodore  Parker:  “Work  is  the 
only  universal  currency  which  God  ac¬ 
cepts.” 
TUTT’S  PILLS  cure  Constipation  and  Piles. 
JOS.  H.  BLACK,  SON  Sc  CO., 
Village  Nurseries,  Hlghtstown,  N.  J. 
Peaches  1  For  “We  Varli esV 'own 
Peaches  IPEACHES 
Peach esj 
Peaches ! 
Peaches ! 
in  the  United  States, 
on  tho  muck  lands  of  FLORIDA 
and  they  brought  as  high  as  $8  per 
box.  For  Information  on  Fruit 
Growing,  Sugar,  Rice,  Tobacco  and 
muck  lands,  Inquire  or  address 
Jl  I  L  111  10  821  Kullltt  Building, 
.  I.  LLWIO,  l'bllndnlphla,  Pu. 
THE  PALOUSE  APPLE 
originated  In  the  famous  Palouse  country,  is  a  beau¬ 
tiful  winter  apple  of  unsurpassed  quality  and  Iron¬ 
clad  hardiness.  Small  trees  sent  postpaid,  one  for 
75c.;  5  for  $2.  Larger  trees  by  express,  $20  per  100. 
Address  orders  to  Geo.  ltuedy,  Box  207,  Colfax,  Wash. 
GREEN  MOUNTAIN  GRAPE 
Entirely  Hardy 
and  very  vigor¬ 
ous,  the  vines 
bearing  a  fruit 
of  exq  u  isite 
flavor, 
Stood  the  test 
of  7  years  and 
pronoun  ced 
the  earliest 
and  best  grape 
on  the  market. 
PRIITinil  The  enormous  success  this 
UHU  I  I  U  FI  has  met  with  has  caused  substitutes 
to  be  placed  on  the  market.  Buy  no  vino  without  the 
above  trade-mark  seal.  ■  nr  u-rn  iiiaii*rrn 
Illustrated  circular  fl  R  F  NT  S  WAN  I  hU 
sent  upon  application.  1  «  l»r»ii  l  ui# 
STEPHEN  HOYT’S  SONS,  New  Canaan,  Conn. 
sent  on  application. 
YOUR  OWN 
Hone,  MEAL, 
Oyster  Shells, 
GRAHAM 
<'lour  nn<l  Corn.  In  tho 
5  HAND  MILL. 
(F.  WlUon’f  Patent). 
lOO  per  cent,  more 
made  In  keeping 
Poultry.  Also 
Power  Mills 
and  Farm  FEED 
MILLS.  Clrcu- 
>  lars  and  TESTIMONIALS 
WILSON  BROS.,  Easton,  Fa. 
A  CENTS  mX 
H  £IOO 
SHERWOOD  HARNESS 
We  offer  the  most  LIBERAL  TERMS  to  good  men. 
You  can  sell  on  Short  Time,  we  taking  all  good 
notes,  we  paying  the  AGENT,  CASH  FOR  HIS  WORK. 
Secure  Agency  now.  Full  particulars  sent  on 
application.  Address 
THE  SHERWOOD  HARNESS  CO. 
217  Southwest  Street,  -  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 
E.  C.  PALMER.  Q.  H.  RtVENBUUO  A.  W.  FROST. 
ESTABLISHED  1809. 
PALMER,  EIVENBUEG  &  CO., 
Successors  to  G.  S.  PALMER, 
Wholesale  Commission  Merchants  for  the  sale  of 
FRUITS  AND  PRODUCE, 
Apples,  Potatoes,  Berries,  Poultry,  Butter,  Eggs,  etc. 
160  Reade  Street,  New  York, 
References:  Chatham  National  Bank. 
