so  successful  a  manner.  The  offer  was  not  accepted, 
and  I  next  operated  on  the  third  with  equal  success.” 
“  Thing's  were  easier  then,  I  suppose.” 
“Oh,  yes.  Prof.  Pritchard  gave  me  the  most  gen¬ 
erous  recognition  and  afterward  invited  me  to  operate 
at  the  amphitheatre  in  the  Royal  College,  before  the 
students.  I  was  accorded  a  hearty  reception.  Py  some 
chance,  the  horse  selected  was  the  most  vicious  brute 
I  had  ever  seen,  and  I  was  cautioned  in  advance.  It 
is  not  necessary  to  go  into  details  ;  it  is  enough  to  say 
that  my  success  was  complete.  Later  I  went  to  Scot¬ 
land,  Ireland  and  France,  where  I  was  cordially  re¬ 
ceived  and  had  all  the  operating  work  I  cared  for.” 
I  believe  you  have  pupils  or  classes  in  your 
methods.  Am  I  correct  ?  ” 
“Yes,  I  have  had  five  classes  in  all,  comprising 
about  125  pupils,  and  I  shall  open  another  in  April 
next.” 
“  What  do  you  think  of  dishorning  ?  ” 
“  In  all  my  travels  I  have  never  found  a  man  who 
knew  nothing  of  dishorning  but  what  opposed  it.  On 
the  other  hand,  I  have  never  met  a  man  who  had  as 
many  as  25  dishorned  who  was  not  in  favor  of  it.  Ten 
years  hence,  1  think,  horns  will  have  practically  dis¬ 
appeared  from  cattle  in  Illinois.  We  know  that  the 
operation  is  a  great  benefit  and,  instead  of  being  a 
cruelty,  it  is  in  reality  one  of  the  greatest  preventives 
of  cruelty.” 
“  Is  there  much  interest  shown  in  caponizing  ?  ” 
“I  think  it  is  growing.  I  teach  it  free  of  charge 
wherever  I  am  called  on  for  other  work.  It  only  re¬ 
quires  a  few  minutes  to  learn,  but 
of  course  it  takes  practice  to  make 
a  rapid  caponizer.  It  should  be 
more  generally  practiced.  Capons 
grow  so  much  larger  than  cocks  - 
and  their  flesh  is  worth  three 
times  as  much  per  pound.”  ’  - 
the  Bartlett,  fertilized  by  Duchess.  The  following  is 
a  description  of  the  pear  from  the  specimens  sent  us : 
Fruit  large,  oblong,  slightly  obtuse  obovate-pyriform. 
Stem  of  medium  thickness,  set  in  a  shallow,  irregular 
depression.  Calyx  open,  in  moderately  shallow  and 
somewhat  corrugated  basin.  Skin  yellow  when  ripe, 
a  trace  of  brown  on  sunny  side  and  marked  with  few 
minute  dots.  Ripe  when  received,  October  20.  The 
flesh  is  white,  fine-grained,  with  granulations  about 
the  center  like  the  Duchess,  sweet  and  juicy,  of  good 
flavor,  but  lacking  in  sprightliness.  The  tree  is  said 
to  be  an  upright  and  good  grower. 
SUCCESSFUL  CHERRY  CULTURE. 
WHAT  CHERRY  GROWERS  SAY. 
1.  What  Is  the  best  soil  for  a  cherry  orchard  ? 
2.  Do  you  cultivate  the  ground  between  the  trees  or  leave  It  In  the 
sod  ? 
3.  What  manures  or  fertilizers  are  most  desirable  ? 
4.  What  about  pruning  the  cherry  ? 
5.  What  varieties  are  best  ? 
6.  Have  any  varieties  that  were  given  suitable  care  “  run  out  ?  ” 
7.  What  are  your  rules  for  packing  and  shipping  ? 
Minnesota  Street  Sweepings  for  Fertilizer. 
Tn  this  section  cherries  are  not  grown  to  any  con¬ 
siderable  extent,  as  only  the  Morello  family  can  en¬ 
dure  the  rigors  of  our  climate.  1.  I  have  found  that 
the  trees  live  longer  and  are  more  productive  on  light 
loam  or  even  quite  sandy  soils  than  on  strong  and  heavy 
clay  ones.  2.  In  this  climate  where  there  are  frequent 
periods  of  drought,  either  cultivation  or  heavy  mulch¬ 
ing  must  be  given.  The  trees  soon  perish  where  grow- 
Prune  Only  The  Baby  Trees. 
1.  The  best  soil  for  cherries  is  a  gravelly  loam  which 
is  naturally  well  drained.  The  location  should  be 
high— a  hillside  rather  than  level  land,  to  get  the  most 
perfect  circulation  of  air.  2.  For  five  or  six  years  the 
soil  should  be  well  cultivated;  after  the  trees  have 
come  into  good  bearing  I  would  as  soon  have  the 
ground  in  sward,  as  the  trees  should  not  be  stimulated 
too  much.  3.  Cherry  trees  should  stand  upon  ground 
good  enough  to  grow  50  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre 
and  then  no  fertilizers  are  required.  After  they  have 
borne  several  crops  liberal  applications  of  wood  ashes 
should  be  made  once  in  two  years,  early  in  the  spring. 
4.  All  pruning  of  cherry  trees  should  be  done  during 
the  first  five  years  of  their  growth;  in  that  time  the 
trees  should  be  perfectly  shaped  and  thereafter  they 
require  no  pruning.  A  cherry  tree  always  suffers 
from  pruning,  particularly  in  cutting  large  limbs.  5. 
Among  sour  cherries  Early  Richmond,  Montmorency, 
May  Duke;  and  among  sweets,  Black  Tartarian,  Black 
Eagle,  Brockport  Bigarreau,  Napoleon  Bigarreau, 
1  (owner’s  Late  Red,  and  Windsor  are  among  the  leading 
ar.d  best  varieties.  6.  I  know  of 
no  varieties  that  have  run  out  if 
they  received  suitable  care  and 
cultivation.  7.  I  use  5  and  10-pound 
handle  baskets,  also  10-pound 
r  •  --  boxes  packed  in  crates,  six  boxes 
•vy$j  a  cra^e*  These  are  faced  as  the 
|||mA  fruit  is  put  up  in  California.  With 
care  the  cherry  is  among  the  best 
f°r  profitable  cultivation. 
Columbia  Co  ,  N.  Y.  G.  t.  powei.i,. 
FA  Cultivated  Orchard. 
In  my  experience  I  have  found 
sandy  soil,  well  drained,  but  al- 
ways  moist,  the  best  adapted  to 
the  wants  of  the  cherry  and 
especially  the  Hearts  and  Bigar- 
reaus.  I  have  seen  trees  on  grav- 
elly  soil  where  they  seemed  thrifty, 
/,JSgV  .  but  I  would  not  expect  them  to 
resist  drought  so  well  on  such  soils. 
I  prefer  to  cultivate,  especially 
1  the  Dukes  and  Morellos.  If  growth 
\  is  excessive  I  seed  down  to  check 
a  it.  Cultivation  should  be  shallow. 
As  to  fertilizers,  I  use  unleached 
ashes,  clover  and  stable  manure. 
In  one  orchard  of  Early  Rich¬ 
monds  where  cultivation  was  im¬ 
practical,  I  mulched  heavily  with 
half-rotten  corn  stalks  and  ma¬ 
nure  and  mowed  off  the  few  weeds 
that  came  through.  This  plan 
was  satisfactory.  My  cherry  trees  are  pruned  an¬ 
nually  and  young  orchards  of  Morellos  are  generally 
pruned  twice  a  year. 
Sweet  cherries  require  but  little  pruning,  but  those 
of  the  Early  Richmond  type  need  severe  thinning,  or 
they  soon  become  so  thick  in  the  center  that  a  bird  can 
hardly  get  into  them.  As  to  profit,  I  have  not  suffic¬ 
iently  tested  many  varieties.  So  far  Early  Richmond 
and  May  Duke  have  been  the  most  profitable.  Olivet 
seems  to  be  a  tardy  and  shy  bearer  of  beautiful  fruit. 
My  last  planting  consisted  of  about  equal  numbers  of 
Dyehouse,  Early  Richmond,  Montmorency  and  May 
Duke.  As  to  packages,  I  formerly  used  the  Cincinnati 
two-bushel  stand  of  four  half-bushel  drawers,  but  of 
late  I  have  mostly  used  strawberry  bushel  crates  and 
quart  baskets.  w.  w.  farnsworth. 
A  Promising  New  Cherry. 
June  22,  we  received  from  James  II.  Black,  Son 
Co.,  of  Highstown,  N.  J  ,  a  stem  10  inches  long,  which 
bore  38  cherries  of  large  size,  bright  red  color  and  of 
fair  quality.  It  is  a  seedling  which  has  been  named 
“  Mercer.”  See  Fig.  279.  Messrs.  Black  say  of  it: 
A  Promising  New  Cherry. 
