878 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
Dec.  31 
What  About  Our  Game  Laws? 
E.  P.  R.,  Sidney,  O. — I  have  just  read 
a  Rural  editorial  on  our  game  laws. 
The  writer  seems  to  think  that  the  law 
that  forbids  netting  and  trapping  game 
is  unfair  to  farmers,  and  favors  city 
sportsmen.  The  object  of  this  law  is  to 
prevent  the  extermination  of  our  game 
birds,  and  it  is  not  unfair,  for  any  farmer 
may  own  a  shot  gun  and  enjoy  the  only 
fair  way  of  killing  game.  The  most  ex¬ 
pert  shots  do  not  average  over  three 
quails,  and  I  fully  believe  that  the  average 
sportsman  shooting  over  a  dog  does  not 
get  more  than  one  quail  to  the  bevy.  I 
say  this  after  20  years’  experience  shoot¬ 
ing  quails  on  the  wing.  Those  who  have 
had  no  experience  think  a  good  shot 
with  a  good  dog  can  kill  nearly  the  whole 
bevy.  If  this  were  true  and  quails  as 
plentiful  as  now,  a  common  bag  for  a 
day’s  shoot  would  be  from  100  to  200 
quails.  Had  not  our  lawmakers  of  20 
and  25  years  ago  forbidden  netting  and 
trapping,  our  game  birds  would  have 
been  practically  extinct.  The  writer  of 
the  article  seems  to  think  there  are 
no  sportsmen  except  “  city  sportsmen.” 
Many  of  the  most  ardent  lovers  of  setters 
and  pointers,  and  wing  shooting,  are 
farmers,  and  they  would  oppose  the  re¬ 
peal  of  all  laws  against  netting.  The 
taking  of  game  by  shooting  yields  food 
and  the  grandest  sport  ever  enjoyed  by 
man,  while  the  taking  of  the  same  by 
nets  yields  only  food,  and  would  soon 
leave  no  game  to  net  or  shoot. 
He  also  advocates,  as  The  Rural  has 
done  before,  that  all  game  be  by  law 
made  the  property  of  the  owner  of  the 
land  on  which  it  may  be.  This  would  be 
far  worse  than  repealing  the  laws  against 
netting,  for,  if  the  latter  were  repealed, 
the  State  could  forbid  the  taking  of  game 
except  for  a  month  or  two  each  year, 
while,  if  the  game  is  made  the  lawful 
property  of  the  land  owner,  he  may  kill 
or  net  it  365  days  each  year,  just  as  he 
may  his  poultry,  or  he  may  grant  the 
privilege  to  others,  and  no  law  can  be 
made  to  forbid.  Then  think  what  kind 
of  ownership  it  would  be  that  would 
change  to  another  every  time  a  bird  or 
animal  crossed  a  line  fence. 
In  most  States  it  is  unlawful  to  hunt 
or  shoot  on  the  lands  of  another  without 
permission  of  the  owner.  This  is  as  it 
should  be.  It  allows  every  land  owner 
to  do  as  he  wishes  with  his  own  land, 
and  allows  the  State  to  protect  the  game 
during  the  breeding  season.  Can  any 
better  plan  be  proposed  ?  Why  not  advo¬ 
cate  this  instead  of  the  round-about  and 
dangerous  one  The  Rural  proposes?  If 
its  object  were  to  exterminate  the  game 
of  America,  no  more  effective  method 
could  be  proposed. 
Consumption :  Its  Source. 
G.  G.  G.,  Bi.airstown,  N.  J. — The 
Rural  of  December  3  contains  a  letter 
written  by  Mr.  Silas  Betts,  in  which  he 
takes  issue  with  Dr  Brush’s  statements 
as  given  in  The  Rural  of  November  19, 
but  he  offers  very  little  evidence  in  proof 
of  his  assertions.  He  says,  “  We  have 
the  opinions  of  many  cf  the  most  eminent 
medical  scientists  ”  that  tuberculosis 
does  not  originate  in  the  cow.  Who  are 
they?  Tie  also  says,  “Countries  have 
been  named  in  which  cows  have  existed 
for  many  hundreds  of  years  where  con¬ 
sumption  does  not  exist.”  What  does  that 
prove  ?  If  none  of  the  cows  that  existed 
there  were  tuberculous,  there  would  be 
no  possibility  of  getting  consumption 
from  them.  But  which  countries  has  Mr. 
Betts  in  mind  ? 
In  opposition  to  the  above  quotations 
and  in  support  of  Dr.  Brush,  I  quote  from 
the  Philadelphia  Record  of  February  15, 
1891 :  “  ‘  Every  nation  that  has  domes¬ 
ticated  the  cow,’  said  Dr.  Zuill  last  night, 
‘is  ravaged  by  consumption,  and  the 
greater  the  amount  of  the  dairy  products 
used  by  a  community,  the  more  terribly 
prevalent  is  this  disease.  Again,  where 
cattle  are  not  used,  consumption  is  un¬ 
known.  The  Greenlanders  use  the  milk 
of  the  reindeer,  and  are  ne^er  affected 
with  tuberculosis,  and  the  North  Ameri¬ 
can  Indians  and  Africans  are  in  every 
case  free  from  this  awful  plague  while 
they  abstain  from  the  products  of  the 
bovine  family.  But  in  every  case  where 
a  tribe  has  brought  the  cow  into  use, 
consumption  has  appeared  at  the  same 
time.’” 
The  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry  of  the  United  States  for  the 
years  1889  and  1890  indorses  Dr.  Brush’s 
statements.  On  pages  48  and  49  of  the 
report  are  cited  cases  of  sheep,  goats, 
hogs  and  fowls  that  became  tuberculous 
from  pasturing  with  milch  cows  or  from 
eating  the  products  of  diseased  cattle. 
Pages  55  to  62  treat  of  the  relation  of 
bovine  tuberculosis  to  the  public  health, 
and  uphold  the  arguments  of  both  Dr. 
Brush  and  Dr.  Zuill. 
Mr.  Betts  says,  “Compare  the  Jewish 
race  with  the  mixed  races-  Which  are 
the  most  exempt  from  consumption?” 
He  infers  that  they  are  exempt  be¬ 
cause  they  do  not  marry  with  other  races. 
Is  this  the  chief  reason  ?  Do  they  have 
offspring  from  cousins  and  even  closer 
relations  as  the  average  breeder  requires 
of  his  cattle  ?  No.  They  eat  no  pork, 
and  thus  avoid  scrofula,  which  predis¬ 
poses  to  consumption.  They  are  a  thou¬ 
sandfold  more  careful  that  the  beef  and 
other  meats  they  use  are  free  from  dis¬ 
ease  than  are  the  “mixed”  races.  I 
recently  read  the  statement  that  of 
every  20  animals  slain  by  the  Jews  for 
food,  19  are  found  to  be  diseased  and 
condemned.  This  being  the  case,  there 
is  not  much  chance  for  them  to  get  con¬ 
sumption,  provided  the  only  sources  of 
infection  are  tuberculous  cattle.  I  hope 
The  Rural  will  thoroughly  discuss  the 
subject  that  we  may  know  whence  comes 
consumption. 
The  Latest  and  Briefest. 
Several  columns  of  Green’s  Fruit 
Grower  are  devoted  to  an  interview  in 
which  Mr.  C.  A.  Green,  the  editor,  asks 
questions  of  Mr.  W.  C.  Barry.  Both  men 
are  experienced  fruit  growers,  while  it 
is  everywhere  known  that  the  firm  of 
Elhvanger  &  Barry  are  among  the  most 
successful  fruit  growers  in  the  world. 
The  report  is  quite  too  long  for  any  one 
issue  of  The  R.  N.-Y.  We  have,  how¬ 
ever,  read  it  with  care,  and  place  before 
our  readers  some  of  the  more  important 
portions. 
Mr.  Barry  considers  that  the  apple  is  a 
fruit  which  is  in  demand  all  over  the 
world.  There  is  no  fruit  which  takes 
the  place  of  the  apple,  and  the  w7orld  is 
a  market  for  it. 
Pear  culture  has  been  steadily  growing, 
and  it  has  been  proved  to  the  satisfaction 
of  fruit  growers  that  there  are  lots  of 
money  in  it  for  those  who  are  willing  to 
give  the  subject  the  necessary  care. 
It  is  at  the  present  time  more  profit¬ 
able  than  apple  culture,  because  there 
are  few  insects  that  have  yet  damaged 
the  pear,  in  comparison  with  those  which 
have  affected  the  apple.  A  barrel  of  pears 
can  be  grown  just  as  cheaply  as  a  barrel 
of  apples. 
The  pear  succeeds  best  on  soils  with  a 
clay  subsoil,  and  the  apple  does  not  seem 
to  require  that.  The  apple  seems  to  suc¬ 
ceed  best  on  ordinary  soils ;  still,  the  pear 
will  succeed  very  well  where  the  apple 
does,  as  a  rule. 
Low  land  can  hardly  ever  be  recom¬ 
mended  for  fruits  unless  it  is  under¬ 
drained  ;  if  it  is  drained  properly  it  is 
really  the  best  place  for  both  the  apple 
and  the  pear.  But  draining  is  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  reason1  that  fruits  will 
not  do  well  in  wet  land  ;  they  may  do 
well  for  a  time,  but  eventually  they  will 
fail.  Orchards  on  low  lands  are  more 
liable  to  be  injured  by  late  frosts. 
Mr.  Barry  believes  that  an  orchard 
should  embrace  both  standard  and  dwarf 
trees ;  the  dwarf  trees  coming  into  bear¬ 
ing  immediately,  afford  returns  which 
are  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  an 
establishment.  Dwarf  trees  are  very 
productive,  and,  when  young  especially, 
produce  most  beautiful  fruit.  When 
young,  the  dwarfs  produce  larger  and 
better  specimens  than  the  standards,  but 
the  advantage  of  standard  pears  is  that 
the  tree  is  so  much  larger  and  spreads  so 
much  more,  that  in  the  end  the  standard 
tree  will  be  the  more  profitable,  because 
the  most  fruit  can  be  obtained  from  it. 
Therefore,  it  is  advisable  for  every  planter 
to  plant  both  standard  and  dwarf  trees. 
Dwarf  apples  are  very  desirable,  and 
if  their  value  were  truly  understood  they 
would  be  a  good  deal  more  grown  than 
they  are.  The  dwarf  apple  is  suitable 
for  small  gardens  and  yards,  and,  while 
the  trees  produce  an  abundant  crop,  they 
are  at  the  same  time  ornamental. 
Some  trimming  is  necessary,  but  they 
do  not  require  the  amount  of  trimming 
that  the  standard  apple  trees  require, 
because  they  do  not  make  the  amount  of 
wood.  The  R.  N.-Y.  from  its  own  expe¬ 
rience,  deems  dwarf  apples,  of  certain 
varieties,  even  more  valuable  for  small 
places  than  dwarf  pears. 
Mr.  Barry  is  entirely  opposed  to  grass 
in  orchards.  He  thinks  that  all  orchards 
ought  to  be  cultivated  except,  perhaps 
in  some  cases,  say  for  some  special  reason 
— an  orchard  may  have  made  a  rank 
growth  and  in  consequence  have  been 
afflicted  with  blight ;  in  such  cases  it  is 
advisable  to  control  this  growth  by  seed¬ 
ing  down  and  restraining  the  abnormal 
growth  for  a  time. 
In  city  yards  the  peach  does  admirably. 
In  the  city  of  Rochester  Mr.  Barry  has 
noticed  trees  in  small  yards  bearing 
abundantly  the  most  beautiful  fruit  that 
one  could  wish  to  see  ;  and  it  is  a  remark¬ 
able  fact  that  such  success  is  possible  in 
a  crowded  city  yard.  This  remarkable 
success  with  fruit  in  cities  or  villages  is 
not  confined  alone  to  the  peach ;  one 
often  sees  a  pear,  a  plum  or  an  apple 
(Continued  on  next  page.) 
^tisireUatttous 
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treatment. 
Willie  Tillbrook. 
Scrofula 
In  the  Neck. 
The  following  is  from 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Tillbrook, 
wife  of  the  Mayor  of  Mc¬ 
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now  six  years  old,  two 
years  ago  had  a  scrofula 
bunch  under  one  ear 
ich  the  doctor  lanced  and  it  discharged  for 
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•saparilla  and  the  sore  healed  up.  H  is  cure 
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