MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
PROF. JOHNSTON’S VIEWS OF AMERICAN 
AGRICULTURE. 
Messrs. Editors: —It seems that at a 
meeting of the Berwickshire Farmers’ Club, 
Prof. Johnston delivered an address, of 
E0rti.CMillir.ol. 
NORTHERN -SPY APPLE. 
The “Northern Spy” has become fa- 
market—from $2 50 to $3 per barrel.— 
Some consider the tree a moderate bearer, 
while others report it as very productive.— 
A fact on this point is worth a thousand ru¬ 
mors, and hence we give this one:—In 
' 1848, Mr. Richard I. Hand, of Mendon, 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UH1TKD STATES PATENT OFFICE. 
For the week ending January 22, 1851. 
To Keep the Hands Soft. —In wash¬ 
ing, soap them well, and then scour them 
thoroughly with loam or fine sand. This, 
amnnrr fruit ornwoi^ of vearS- 1848, All'. JttlCHARD 1. tlAND, OI Mention, __ ui uuc aauu. A.ua, 
Betting our system^oHkrminu aTthe lowest and the reaT worth of the'fruit adds each grew 350 barrels of the Spy on twenty- To A. W. Thompson, of Philadelphia, P... for practised dulywill keep the slue soft and 
;lte,L 4„g that the. “state of Agr, -sou to its celebrity. It is said fo have =M ,a„d sold * same. . tb,s cny, — I— , „ „ K ,, for im . 
culture in New England, and all the north- originated on the form of Oliver Chapin, 
em parts of America, is what the state of in the town of Bloomfield, Ontario county, 
Agriculture in Scotland was eighty or nine- and hence is classed among the many 
ty years ago,” &c., he says“ The con- valuable traits which nave 
dition of the farmer is exceedingly bad.— duced or brought to not 
In Maine, I was informed that they were all New Y ork, 
in a state of bankruptcy. The land is all ^ as 
mortgaged, which hangs like a millstone pe & rh ' pg no more go> in 
round their necks, and is worse even than the most cases, than it descrv- 
state of the farmer in this country. They ed. It is certainly a first 
are thus unable to compete with the west- quality, if not the best, win- 
cm parts of New York on Lake Ontario, ter fruit grown in this sec- 
\ , , ,, , , . tion of the Union. Young, 
You have all heard of the famous wheat treeg ^ scions bave been| 
fields of Genesee, where the land is more ver y rapidly disseminated 1 
fertile than in any part of Great Britam, and during the past five years, 
I learned that they are laying down their so fruit has be- 
land to grass became they cannot afford to ““ e g fXatorc-Zugh 
raise wheat.” some have the counterfeits, 
This will be news to many formers of the which they suppose genu- 
“ famous wheat fields of Genesee,” and ine. 
those that have seeded their lands to grass ^he tree is an upright 
will be surprised to learn that they can- °” e and very vigorous in 
r J its growth, and particular- 
not afford to raise wheat. , , , , a 
. •, f f rimtcn Gntmv for $340. i o jacoD ocneitim, oi Houisriue, ., lor im- - n I have seen blacksmiths, whose work 
gmated on the form of Oliver Chapi, , ... provement in brick presses. ,. a , , , . .a . 
the town of Bloomfield, Ontario county, We give an outline of a fair specimen To G. Thatcher, of Albany, N. Y. for improve- wa3 cxcee mg y arc an sonng ,o eir 
and hence is classed among the many though we think the figure does not repre- mem in stoves. hands, thus keep them as fair as those who 
valuable fruits which have been first pro- sent the fruit quite as conical as most spec- To E. T. Parker, of Berkley, Ala., for improve- worked at far more cleanly employments. 
duced or brought to notice in Western | imens from young, thrifty growing trees.- 
meni in convertible plow stock. 
To Charles Starr, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in tools for embossing the backs of 
books. 
To A. A. Wilder, of Detroit Mich., for improv¬ 
ed lee way indicator. 
Having experienced its benefits myself, I 
speak from actual knowledge. t, b. w. 
Snow Indian Bread. —Take one quart 
of corn meal, and mix intimately with a 
To Daniel " ilson, Jr., (assignor to D. Wilson, large tablespoonful of lard. Then take two 
Jr., &■ H. M. Bird,) of North Chelmsford, Mass., full quarts of snow and stir it in well with 
for horso ehoe nail machine. a spoon;i and immediately pack it closely in 
™ , r , T , ■ the pan or basin in which it is to he baked. 
To J. Gr. Lamb, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for design r . 
for stoves. and give it a good hot quick stove, or oven 
To S. W. Gibbs, of Albany, N. Y. (assignor heat. It takes about three quarters of au 
to North, Harrison & Co., of Philadelphia, Pa.,) hour to bake and when done, if successfully 
for design for stoves. Derformed, will beat all the Jonny cakes. 
To S. W. Gibbs, (assignor to Ira Jagger, Wm. , , 
' 00 nrmno /-\v* r>/-\/-J r\/-J rvrvv»c? tiah r» o/in »»& irn 
B. B. Treadwell & J. S. Perry,) of Albany, N. Y. 
for design fof cooking stoves. 
pones or corn dodgers, you can scare up. 
.uus ivm ueuews wuiaiiy wimcisui iub WU1CU iney suppose genu- \ jr - - - m ^ m ., ... 
“famous wheat fields of Genesee,” and ine. \ / TAR, PITCH AND TURPENTINE. ruRNiP I lavorin Milk.—T o divest milk, 
thosn that have seeded their lands to crrass The tree is an upright \ f V V \ S m . - . . and consequently butter from the disagree- 
... . . . , . , , one and very vigorous in Xs N. / V. Tar is a vegetable product distilled from able flavor cf turnips, cabbages, and other 
W ff 10 eain a ue y can it s growth, and particular- ^. ^ . the Fir or Pine. Among the poorer class plantsthatgive.it bad odors, add immediately 
^ ly adap ted to our northern climate, as it Thomas in his a American Fruit Culturisi the common method is to hollow out a place after milking, a quart o f boiling wate r to each 
The ideas many foreigners have ot our blossoms some two weeks later than other thus describes the Spy:—“Large, roundish, in the earth, sloping from the circumference pail of milk before straining. All of these 
country and Agriculture, are on a par with app ] eSj thereby escaping the late frosts of slightly conical, often flattened, sometimes inward. A pine log is split, the halves hoi- odors are very volatile, and only require a 
the wild Indian m a city, who, observing gpring> j t re qui res thorough pruning to slightly ribbed, handsomely striped with lowed out, then refitted and placed leading little extra heat to cause them to pass off, 
that when the clock pointed at a particular giye tke f ru it sun; when this is done th« red; stalk and calyx deep set; flavor mild from the centre of the tar pit to some dis- and leave the milk sweet. ., 
point, the bells set a ringing and the people app ] e kag a beautiful coloring, and thereby agreeable, mild sub-acid, fine. Keeps tance • beyond the outside. At the outer - -- — - ~ -- 
rushed out of the shops, concluded that the atta j ng a g 0od s i ze and high flavor. It is a through winter and late into spring; pre- end, which is lowest, a cavity is dug to hold CUEING PROVISIONS, 
hands of a clock were the grand chiefs j keeper, retaining its juice and fresh- serves its flavor remarkably fresh. Shoots the tar which flows through this conduit. . . ,, . 
and rulers of a civilized nation. Probably ness until May and June. It is in use from dark, spotted, erect, stout To afford fine The bi lets of wood are packed in the pit f armer s are engaged in packing their stores 
the learned Professor had conversed with January to j une> and a l wa y 8 commands a fruit, the tree must be kept thrifty by good with their inner ends the lowest The cen- 0 f meat, we offer the following recipes, the 
some person from near your goodly city, bio-ber price than any other apple in our cultivation.” tre is filled with knots, &c., and the pile car- value of which we have proved by our own 
who, because hay sold at $12 or $15 per . .— - . - — 1 . ried to some twelve or fifteen feet in height, experience. 
ton, and wheat at $1 per bushel, very ra- HORTICULTURE ANALYSIS OF THE APPLE- Around the pile a number of small logs are Hams.—T he following mode of prepar- 
tionally concluded,fnot that he could not. F A r B R on the ^sis of the fruit of the placed, and the whole covered with turf.- in § hamb j we h ^ e P r f/ ced for severa j 
._• r.,* i_ The author of all .^ood has lmnarted to A paper on ine analysis oi ine irun oi ine r. years, and can with confidence recommend 
who, because hay sold at $12 or $15 per 
ton, and wheat at $1 per bushel, very ra¬ 
tionally concluded,^not that he could not 
HORTICULTURE. 
afford to raise wheat, but that hay would a |^& ood has imparted to app j e ^ Salisbury, furnishes some facts It is then fired at the top, and allowed to f^mbthers*- 
pay better^in his particular locality. This different minds, different tastes,—-and he wQrthy of 0wing t0 tbe lateness of burn downward slowly, until in six or eight Fnr pvpr ' 
Hams.—T he following mode of prepar¬ 
ing hams, we have practiced for several 
years, and can with confidence recommend 
may be tA so near a eUy conlaining, be- who cao m ahe his ,as,e and11pledge the L (in spring.) before the ,nal y sis ^ ^ ^ ^ « 
sides the teams and horses incident to the most.practice, oest e lace lemo, n.nt ^ nas comm..nce , Ue [ Men of capital resort to other methods pounds brown sugar,) fire ounces saltpetre 
ordinary business .of the place, a great Thus m our own country Dowvmo tands S e “ d Gree„ing, English Russets; and thus save much of the loss resulting eight pounds rock salt-add three gal- 
many canal horses, all of which require pre-eminent, as the most valuable writer on an( , Talman Swcelio „.° Fr „S, the numer- from this mode. Ions ot water, and boUthe ingredients over 
forage of the farm, and some must raise the subject of which our article treats. He oug table of results, the following facts are a g ent . ^ re ’ or l the froth or 
hay for their consumption. These matters can impart to the novice in gardening use- drawn . P'tch is tar condensed by evaporation or scum as it rises Continue the baling till 
always regulate themselves. ful advice, and will lead an attentive student, The English Russet contains lea water by burning. The simplest method is that aoLtrinme'd racked Y , ‘lks wkt 
-r, . .. p . . , through the instrumentality of his writings, and more dry matter than any of the other of digging a pit of the required size and 7 - ^ ana tr n .ci, pacKcu m asas vvun 
But at places distant from cities, do we br»ngh the ms rumenmn y ot^ n ^ g sorts.-This''is doubtless the reason why li„i„ g i, with brick. It is then filled with « w.’ “ u" “"5 
find the farmer in the •'famous wheat dis- to know, not only how to lay out, but plan tUsvarie1 i yissohilrlltofr ee Z e. The Talman tar -nd aet on fire It is burred stnk ^» better. When the pickle prepared 
tricla.” seeding their lands to permanent and ornament his garden grounds-advise Sweeti 'contains m0 te, the Greening still £ °" ,7' . . “ “ a , Dove - ««* P 0 " «« 
meadows and woine into the dairy business what trees are most fitting, and at the same moro , and Killwiu ffltt most of all; ranging found to bo of the proper consistence, v.-nen the hams, tney may he in pickle from 
J g Fv „ ‘ Z nwR : time furnish the plan for cottage or other in a u these from 59 to 80 per cent A P>‘ ® covered and the lire extinguished, two to six weeks, according- to the size of 
" Cj ' , ^ ' dwelling for the new beninner, both suita- fresh potato contains about as much water When evaporated in a still, the volatile pteces, or the state of the weather, 
tins does not pay where the lands areas B fa) Hu w * rk8 „ Rural as the Russet These results show the rca- parts are saved, and thus is obtained spirits “ore time being required m cole(than in 
ugh as tney are here, and the sod no bet- “ ““ „ ^ wiu ^ ntro duce a ~ ‘hat apples when manufactured into oi- Lurpemi.e, and an acid Twenty barrels Ty n” may Z 
ter adapted to grazing than ours. In Alle- ’ , der produce nearly their own bulk of imce, f , „ A m, j . f , itiuueu iux huiuiung unu uxymg, may De 
-any, Cattaraugus and Chautauque coun- st J le for c0UnlI 7 houses wlnch K ‘ U add a fact which has often puzzled many who of tar are said to produce ten of pitch, one cured according to this mode, and wdl be 
ties, where improved land sells from'810 to much to their beauty; and as the farmers merely regarded the solid nature of the fruit, hundred and set enty-six gallons of spmts, found excellent 
% ^ , of Western New York are many of them A striking difference in the composition aiJ cl about forty oi acid. t. e. w. Much of the goodness o:( hams depends 
this does not pay where the lands are as 
high as they are here, and the soil no bet- 
gany, Cattaraugus and Chautauque coun¬ 
ties, where improved land sells fronTSlO to 
$20 per acre, the lands are better adapted 
to dairy purposes than ours, and the farmer 
of Western New York are many of them A striking difference in the composition 
preparing to build, why not erect cottages of the apple ar.d potato, is the entire ab- 
mV.LV, dL all u* rtmhmpntd ** wF.11 r S nFr- sence of starch in the former, while in the 
, ^ 1 nT M • Which shall be ornamental as well as per- «««• ? ™“ ? e 
of Genesee, Orleans, or Monroe, with his ^ latter it constitutes about one half of the 
lands at $40 or $60 per acre, cannot sue- manent • solid part The apple, according to this 
lands at $40 or $60 per acre, cannot suc¬ 
cessfully compete with the cheaper lands of ^ 
his neighbor. tryme 
The fact is, we must raise wheat, wheth- rae11 ’ 
er the price is four shillings or twelve ever 7 
--—--on smoking. They should be hung at such 
VARNISHES. a distance from the fire as not to be heated. 
" They should also be hung up with the 
Varmsh for Coating Metals. Digest sba nk end downward, as this will prevent 
We may be allowed to honor our coun- analysis, is rather superior to the potato in oae ,P art °f Drulse ^ copal m two parts ot the escape of their juices by dripping.— 
trymen In the old world how their States- the fat producing qualities, and which ac- ^solute alcohol; but as this varmsh _nes Small hams, wanted for immediate use, will 
mCpoe.., Architects, meu of Science in cords wk the efplience of some accurate TrZdry — Tf ^ *. b "‘ ^ 
, . . t p,;, • formers. The apple contains about twice 01 copai, one pari oi on oi rosemary, on es, and those wanted for keeping, should 
every department, and the Philanthropic ^ much of the compounds of nitrogen as two or three parts of absolute alcohol, be smoked four weeks or more 
Zn&tTltYZ °Jylwp\^Te are revered, and why may we not call at- the —. ...” n^fuld toaoXThot^d’Sen ' Difcen“t'hticiee are us“ed for smoking. 
can always rely upon to bring money. But ‘enuon to one of ours who comb.ncs such The Russets were found to contain a ^ bf , found rery hard and durable Perhaps saw dust from hard wood, where 
, r , , . , , . perfect knowledge of the trees, both .of the larger portion of tannic and gallic acids than / • it can be convenien tly had, is on the whole 
the larmer, w io las grown nc on is f ores t and orchard, and who by his writings other sorts. These acids impart a stringency, For Varnishing Furniture.—The fused to be preferred. Com cobs are first-rate, 
wheat form, will be surprised to learn that ^ Horticulture in o-eneral, is caving di- and aW3 i ndicated b y the black color given copal dissolved in oil of turpentine is the and are said by some to make the “ sweet- 
he “cannot afford to raise wheat,” at the ^ • ° to a knife of iron or steel used in cutting most economical. If the copal has not been est” smoke of anything. Chips of maple 
prices of the past years, or that the future rCC 10n c . fts e 0 e tnencsn pet tHis fruit The apple is rich in phosphoric kept a sufficient time in the state of fusion, and hickory, or the small twigs and branch- 
gives indications that it would be advisable ple * H is “ Horticulturist,” published month- an q sulphuric acids and potash and soda, the varnish made with it remains soft for es of these kinds of wood, do well, 
f . . , ... . 1 1 ly, should be in the hands of all who love Hence we may infer that bone dust, ashes, sometime after it is dry, and afterwards XT 
for him to lay down h,s land to grass. ^ and ^ cullivaUon of her tecs and salt and plaster, would be likely to prove peels off. pvX^us ariffoTe Se dt m3 
That the state of Agriculture in this p|ants Then we should expect many con- useful as portions of the manure applied to a Am6 y arnish ,~ Take ambei eight Sd a? experience with this mide, we cJ- 
county is not what it should be, and that tj-ibutors to this department of the Rural. ea | ia o r ee, in a i ion o w a is a rea y ounces, in powder, and two of gum lac; not speak of its advantages. Another mode, 
be smoked four weeks or more. 
Different articles are used for smoking. 
can always rely upon to bring money. But 
the farmer, who has grown rich on his 
our formers are greatly behind what they 
might be, no one will deny—but that we 
are"eighty or ninety years behind our Scot- . Re ^ arks - Though we would not detract RECOVERING DRIED GRAFTS. spirits of turpentine, and when melted add to be kept and let them remain in pickle 
fish brethren is almost too “steen” for nip ^om the well earned fame ot Dr. Dow nino, —— the gum lac, place it on the fiie again, and till wanted, only taking them out a ouffi- 
ffsh brethren, is almost too steep forme- we st that there are other able It often happens that grafts of particular keep stirring it with a piece of wood till it ciently long time before using, to allow 
Nmther do I think that our lands are m the American authors> essa y ists an d teachers to frul J are J eceu ' ed m . a dned ^ ^withered is a n dissolved, then add one ounce of the them to drain properly. The barrels are 
retrograde. On the other hand, as far as whom honor should liUcwise be awarded for i n °e'tunpo feTto'b? w^orthle^ a're thrown Co[d f™ n ^ ns , eed oil ’ stir ifc wel1 ^ked by being placed over small fires of 
my observation extends, our farmers under ^ ^ [0 adyance Horticulture . Thom . J * Ve writer ouce received in a'utumn ‘° S ° “ T PS ’ 7 ’ f" V h h d T 
the influence of light, knowledge, and sci- is _ HovEr . and mnlly others whose names a small package of a new and rare sort of 0o P a ‘ *«"“*•-»«« of wine «“'7° iumited^tk S ™d 
ence, diffused by Agricultural books and a „ d writi are familiar our readere, apple, from a distance of some hundreds of *»«e to 'the meat ' P 
journals, and their own experience and ob- i n .i ^ „ a _ ;h i • ori y ir . nnr . u . v vnt n miles, without any protection at all, and they , nau aR reauce me gums uo pow- 
servfttion have advanced with rapid strides 1 1 , , were quite thoroughly seasoned. They were der > put the spmls in a jar or bottle, acd the Beef and Pork. —Another mode recom- 
for the last few rears and the nrodure of ° f t0 SUC 1 “ accom P llslied encased in moss, and buried a few inches gums, placeThe whole u 1 a warm.place with mended by a gentleman of long experience 
y ' ’ P much in the field of Horticultural progress, beneath the surface of the earth on a dry corxi lightly in tee bot..,e, shake it oc- in the packing oi beef and pork, is the fol- 
our wheat fields has been much increased. _ Ecg spot of ground. By spring they had grad- casionally, and when the gums are quite dis- lowing:-For 100 lbs. beef, take 4 lbs. 
Yours, f. w. l -- uafly imbibed moisture, and had become solved, strain and bottle for use. —Farmer brown sugar, 4 oz. saltpetre, and 4 quarts 
Gfeece, N. Y., Jan., 1851. CORRUPTION.—An error occurred in the plump again, and on being set, every graft aftli mechanic. fine Liverpool salt, mix all intimately togeth- 
r • -r~ - i articll on’Pears, in our last number. The ^w. Efforts of this kind often fail in - -^-. and in packing sprinkle it evenly over 
C|rri|ption. —An error occurred in the plump again, and on being set, every graft anu -^ ec ^ an2C - fine Liverpool salt, mix all intimately togeth- 
iclUtlPears, in our last number. The g rew - Efforts of this kind often fail in ---er, and in packing, sprinkle it evenly over 
consequence of applying the moisture too A new process for making or refining the meat, will be sufficient Keep the meat 
copiously and suddenly. Shoots in so sugar, by the application of centrifugal pow- closely pressed together by a good weight 
It is said that some American wool, re- . . ' ’ . , , ' f consequence of applying the moisture too A new process for making or refining the meat, will be sufficient Keep the meat 
cen My sent from this State to England, omisslon ot a word destroys tne sense ot copioug j y an(i sud denly. Shoots in so sugar, by the application of centrifugal pow- closely pressed together by a good weight 
proved to be so exquisitely fine as to render an otherwise important sentence. In last -withered a condition should receive it so er > has been introduced at New Orleans, We are assured that this is the best mode 
it impossible to card it with the present clause of fourth paragraph, instead of read- gradually as to require some weeks at least and the Picayune understands that arrange- of packing beef that is intended for keep- 
machinery—It was fine enough to have imi¬ 
tated the cashmere. 
It is now said that the kind of cotton 
ing “ for it must be remarked that the pro¬ 
duce of a pear tree is often no true criteri¬ 
on of the value of the fruit,” it should have 
for the completion of the process.— Alb. ments are on foot for introducing it on many ing over the summer, ancl that the quality 
Cultvator. sugar plantations in that State. A coarse of the meat is unexceptionably fiua— Fx. 
—-- brown sugar bought for 4-^ cents, was eon- -*> ^ *** ^ - 
We consider every man who evinces a verted into an article worth 6 cents, in ex- Some are very liberal, even to profuse- 
ordinarily grown in India, cannot be made read “for it must be remarked that the proper regard for the rights and feelings of! actly six minutes. The invention is of En- ness, when they can be so at the expense 
avniinBln fm- ttio rvnFrntinna nf maoiimtmr I » Am 1 others, a gentleman, i gligh origin, of others. 
contained in yard manure. - Transactions melt the amber by means of heat, in a which we have seen practiced, is to smoke 
’ ^ ocie</ i • _ glazed pipkin, with half a pint of the best, the barrels or casks in which the hams are 
available for the operations of machinery. 1 first produce,” &c. 
glish origin. 
