MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
BEES AND BEE-HIVE3. retentive Boils, but would it be so for one 
There is no subject which seems to be who cultivatcs a % ht sand y soil ? The 1;l P' 
so deeply involved in mystery as the nature furrows render the soil morc casi, y P ul ver ' 
and domestic economy of the honey bee. ,zcd and the bottom of each furiw serves 
Unlike the culture and production of all fora limitcd time tho P ur P ose of a drain to 
other animate beings that pertain to rural carr y off redundant moisture; but does the 
life, something new in the features of this b S ht sand y 80,1 rc <l uire this? Would 
insect is constantly arising-some thing that not bc in J ur ? d b y tbc samt k,nd of P lowin S 
we cannot comprehend. It seems to be which would benefit a soil of different corn- 
one of the greatest difficulties, to lay down P f>ei ‘ lon • 
■ 
specific rules for the treatment of bees that 
will apply in all cases—so that all people, 
Theorists sometimes advance ideas which 
the practical man finds it unsafe to follow. 
fr. .H*. 
Farmer. 
whether experienced or otherwise in the If the former induce the latter to think, they 
science, shall be able to manage them sue- P erk)rm a & ood work. h armer. 
CCB 8 fully. Onondaga Co., Feb. 17, 1851. 
From some twenty years close study of SMALL FARMS^ONCE AGAIN. 
the habits of bees, I have been able to —- 
throw some light upon the subject. I have The good man is never covetous. Wealth 
also been aided by the experience of many is not the gilded shrine at which he kneels 
lipl 
SMALL FARMS-ONCE AGAIN. 
The good man is never covetous. Wealth 
is not the gilded shrine at which he kneels 
swap 
apiarians in various sections of the country, and worships. Nor does he often deem the 
I have found that hives should contain bubb ‘° fame an object worth the seeking, 
about 2,000 cubic inches, in the clear, to ^ an was rnade pjr belter purposes than to 
SHEPHERD’S DOG. 
GATES vs. BARS. " 
Mkssks. Editous:— Your excellent pa¬ 
per is death on bars—very good; gates are 
handy, and take less time, less work, and 
h as of Job’s pre-eminent quality, to boot. 
So much for the advantage gained, and 
gates, I’ll admit, should bo used around 
every house and bam; every body hates to 
see a man coming home, and bo obliged to 
take out and put in a pair of bars to get in 
his own yard, and perhaps another pair be¬ 
fore reaching to his bam; and reasons for 
abominating 6 uch things have been given 
in your paper—all good and substantial. 
Now for a few questions, and then I'm 
done, llow am I to call sheep out of a 
field where there aro cattle, and keep the 
cattle in, (as you know that cattle will often 
come for the same call that sheep will,) if I 
have a gate? IIow am I to let pigs and 
cattle run in a stubble at their pleasure 
and come down for swill at noon ? Horses 
and cattle are often turned in the same pas- 
about 2,000 cubic inches, in the clear, to J lan was maue lor Detler P ur P oses tlian t0 This animal, of the long-haired Scottish docility, and usefulness. They aro of me- and comc down for swill at noon ? Horses 
do best The best shape is either square amass wealth that must perish in the using breed, a beautiful portrait of which we give dium size, with a sharp nose, broad fore- and cattle are often turned in the same pas- 
or slightly oblong. No chambers, but caps or be board(:d w *‘ b Panful care, and after above, belongs to the same family as the bead » and smaP upright ear; they are both turo, now l send a boy after the cattle, ho 
to remove at pleasure. The communication a11 serve no belter purpose than to harden Newfoundland and Poodle, which embraces 8ba 2Sy and smooth-haired, with a bushy drives them to the gate and the horses go 
from the lower to the upper section to be tbe heart—to fill it with pride and arrogance, the most intelligent and useful of theca- 0 usiy colored^ thou'di^morV freouenti V *in t00 ’ bow bc l- 0 keep the horses in the 
through inch and a quarter holes, and the I would to God that our country were filled nine species. There are two cbisses of dined to black or darkly spotted and gray; b<dd and get the cattle out, if a gate is sub- 
more of them the better. Any patent hive w *‘ b lofty-minded men and women; those these dogs, which differ widely in their size undone branch of tho family is entirely stituted for bars? I assure you, such cir- 
that professes any other qualities than right raise their minds above wealth and and characteristics. destitute of a tail. Phey possess an in- cumstancos as the above often occur._ 
dimensions, shape and the simplification of raere outward circumstances, and looking The larger is of gr'eat size and courage, stinctive sagacity for tho management of Now if you will tell me how one can work 
managing bees, is a humbug. There is no within, behold the inner heart of things- and when protected by a stout leather col- ‘T" 6 ? itj under 8Uch circumstances with gates, 
, ■ b .... . . , those who have learned to know man’s true bir studded with spikes, is a full match for underthe direction of the shepherd, vour ff :ii 0 v,i: OT q nMTOlr 
value in any hive having its senes of draw- ^ose wno ftave learnul 10 know ™ ai18 ‘ ruc the wolf> These a ' c US(;d b th s anish they soon become entirely competent to the y « , f Subscriber. 
ers professing to be valuable for receiving dignity and independence humble labor- and Mexican shepherds on their wild sier- c d ntro1 of the dock. They perceive his ° ma a *L.L_“.. 
the combs, or changing bees from old to er8 ’ P cr *iaps, who ‘ od 111 “dmgy work shops ras> as effective guards against the attacks w ‘ sbes p y a word or sign, and with almost PLANK ROADS. 
new combs by their own natural labors.— aud dust > r la bor-fields,” and yet who work 0 f all marauders, and are essentially the the 8 P eed of a greyhound, dart off to exo- - 
Hives Ill'll divide in two nnrts vertienllv tn ‘ or nopler on ds, and seek a better destiny same race as the far-famed dogs of Mount cute t ‘iem. Accounts of their performan- Wk copy from Hunt’s Merchant’s Maga- 
than gold or fame can buy. Men who pur- St Bernard. They are not sufontly gen- l>»« •*?« ^ntly related, which nine, come remark, on this now improve- 
form swarms artificially, had better bc used b » tie for guides, and the shepherds who cm- se J em . alm , os ‘ ^credible to those unacquaint- ment: 
for kindling wood. Believe no man who 7 1 P ploy them rely on some well trained weth- ed Wlth tb( -' ir peculiar character. “In the list of tho great improvements 
comes forward with a tissue of representa- men ,a cu ure ‘ 1 ™ men <in< iue, w o er s or goats to lead the flock at their call. They arc quiet and good-natured, never , wb ‘? b ff ‘ v0 ‘° ‘ b ‘ 8 a o e the character which 
tions that he has invented a hive, “moth batl 6 earneat y lor tbe ri 8 bt ’ and seck lfc Some have been imported into this country, inclined to roam or neglect their duties, and lfc wdl beiU ‘ m lu8tor y above all others—the 
proof" etc., etc. It will not be done in too with a vision undimmed by one mcrce- but on account of their headstrong and fe- as little disposed to injure the animals in- a g® of bappmess to the people-the plank 
<vnr dftv Thp mdv nrnnf uminsf fRo thaH nar y thought, or servile fear, or low and rocious character, and occasional depreda- trusted to their keeping. They have almost roa(1 w | 11 bear a prominent place, and it de- 
.. •' 7 \ / / f .j' 0 ' . . groveling desire. tions upon tho flocks, they have been found the intelligence of the shepherd in discern- ® ervcs ^ changes the condition of the 
. les m the strength o the family, and in ■ unsuited to our wants, excent on the bor- inv the vacraries nf t.lio flr>r*lr nrwl ts>n ilmm I l‘ LI mcr, wherever it is found. It oives 
PLANK ROAD8. 
...* uwv. muu Kjau. iwu ijuiui, hiiu giKJu-naiurca, never . ... ° . o ..—- 
imported into this country, inclined to roam or neglect their duties, and lfc wtl * bear in history above all others—the 
our watchfulness in destroying this enemy I b ave known a man and woman—hum- 
to bees in any way possible. ble cottagers, whose daily toil supplied the 
Bees cannot be kept with profit and wanbl ab tbe ‘ r household, who yearly 
success without care and attention. When bdd as ' dc a 1 f;s pectable sum against the day 
they lack honey they must be fed. Feed- wan ** wbose co ^ a ge and a few sur- 
ing may be easily effected at this season by rount h n g acres wero their castle and domain, 
turning the hives over, and laying combs of tbe ^ ormer horned by simple works of art, 
honey upon the combs of the hive, or a piece ^he latter covered with fruits, and flowers 
efficiency i 
mu Uiiiv uc casuv cuctieu ai uiisBeason DV ° ’ SHEEP W „d,l _ i. , . u , ...u umo mihwu w uur rural me— 
turning th. hive. over, and laying combs of the former adorncl1 ^ s ' m P* e ,vorks of arl . „ , , ,.- will if y”„ Ecria"! .S wu/bc ““ CV '‘ W ' lioh h ' 18 hithcrl ° m,ldo a farn > ia 
honey upon the comb, of the lnvc,orn piece the latter co ’' crod wllh fntil., and flower. . How the fashions change. A few year, enough to accomplish the object. You will “““J'P^ofuur countor.au in- 
of emntv comb may be filled witli liouid and substantial grain, all like a garden 6incc cve, y Agricultural paper, and every t “ in wool in flesh and in the v d ,unta j7 hermitage, secluded, and attam- 
oi empty como may no mica wiin liquid ° b work touching political economy, was over- ° .J uur P' l Y 1,1 "ooi, in nesn, ana in tnc nb le only by a weary pilgrimage over—no 
honey, and laid thereon. In April, when wh ere‘he hand o taste was summoned to flowinp; wilh 8 heep. Now all u silent.*— 8a J ln g' )f car0 and ab °r. U you find |).w not over-but through roads wliich seemed 
the bees come out freely, you may feed 388,81 dame Naturc m ‘be distribution and Wool is commanding a better price. Cat- ^ ands ' at . th “ to have conoentrattfall the evils that could 
syrup of sugar made by heating sugar with ™8 e “ ent of her mfinitel y varied and tie are not as valuable as they were a few their’improvemeTt vou^ th ° t ? Vellcr ; Abadjwdi.no 
water. Hon^y will set fLi to robbing. Be “1 creation. jears since Why then so little said about 2ut7ScXin wdTimely 7 °Zt SlS S ^ 
careful to keep the entrances contracted so I bave known such a family, who were 8 ', U ^ , !! clC , <m ' mnn y arrns dl M . cl you cannot do until the grass grows again. v ;n„„ 0 ^ 
How the fasliions cha: 
may choose to travel. It annihilates ono 
of the sorest evils known to our rural life_ 
an evil which lias hitherto made a farm in 
water. Honey will set them to robbing. Be 
careful to keep the entrances contracted so 
that but few bees can pass at a time, lest a 
general robbery take place whether fed or 
ances contracted so I ba ™ known such a family, who wero , x “ cr ° Zl T 7 7 T canil0t d 
»U . . , calculated for sheep than for any other p llf 
•» »l a hme, let a ■» respected, and more independent | st „ ck lrHCt / of hi| , pMt „ ro a t00 f ar “S 
than the wealthy farmers around them, be- 0 ff l'or cows 
oats every 
grass grows again, village and city, enjoying its benefits, and 
t ay, and good cure, exempt from the inconvenience. The plank 
not You need never fear robbing if you causc tbe y bad enough to supply all their seen daily, 
attend to tliis point in the spring and fall. 
T. B. Miner, 
Author of the /lee-Keeper's Manual . 
Clinton, Oneida Co., N. V., Fob., 1851. 
PLOWING. 
Editor Rural New-Yorker: —In your 
paper of 13th inst is an article taken from 
an essay on wheat growing, written by the 
editor of the Michigan Farmer, in which sev¬ 
eral instances are cited of the beneficial ef¬ 
fects of deep plowing. 
All soils should be made deep and fri¬ 
able to the extent of twelve inches, and 
more is desirable. On the secondary for¬ 
mation, like that of Central and Western 
New York, this may be done at once with 
the common plow, because the subsoil is 
id fall. national desires, physical, moral, and intel- a "d will bc devoted to that use. the crows will fat faster than your sheep/’ Z wtSTto re leem‘HndT'hYf 
lectual, without the cares and perplexities But 8ure ar( V tbat ‘be profits from A flock of good, hearty sheep in the d()wn ( L/ Pr / r eTl hlthcr . to ® et 
attendant on tho management of ten to cold weather in winter, i. just the iire( e»i an/real'only a.‘to'tZtio„.'“ It 
twenty times as much property as they part of those who are thus engaged. Some Rnf /fl /// ^ ° ,m - have m 1,18 c ? re> goes up into wild lands and civilizes them. 
COuId USC - I )oint8 bi sheep management are yet in amid the alternate^chan^of sno^bLEnd ant dHvea ^^maZfief the 1 me' 111 ^'“'d 
But those for whom these remarks are question among good shepherds. Others mud-holes, freezing rains and warm suns, u v #ll . ° \ . C ‘ l " 
In r intended have not the opportunity, even if we suppose are settled. Among the latter with a regular mining and evening se^ 
e “ f 7 they .ought it to choose between riche, and « wo a ' d —nfow. nndo from the. crow.- ^Und lZ Z 
that sort of working independence of which ,8t Sh«p «hould never be perm.tted to The true ax,om n. sheep management,, t ha8 gr0Kn inl0 8uch favor , it e ^. r 
uchsev- T1 , .? , . , . grow poor in the fall. As the feed begins “Never let a sheep grow poor at any season V ear *7 
(icial cf 1 lilVC bCCn s P cabin S their choice seems to be short and frostbitten, sheep need great of the year.”- Cutirist }; Gazette benefits g S ^ extending its 
that sort of working independence of which 18t 8he p f°« ,d “ ev « r be P 0 ™^. to J ho tr .™ a / om 1,1 management, u u hi grown into such favor, it is every 
Ti i , . . . grow poor in the fall. As the feed begins “Never let a sheep grow poor at any season vear 7 
1 have been speaking—their choice seems to be short and frostbitten, sheep need great of the year.”- Culirist i- Gazette benefits S S d te d g * t3 
to lie between the latter and the shivery of care. Tho farmer finds himself in trouble. * Not aW , f rie nd Rkkd. Wo aro trying to * * * * * * 
extreme indebtedness, and ought we to hes- He wishes to spare his haymow as long as koep the nul.ject before the readers of the Ruuai., R-iiluiravs with -ill tlioir i 
itatc for a single moment which of tho two be can » and ’ mdeed, so long as thu ground as Wl11 “ more lully and at length appear,” by ref- f j Jj worth to manv im* v<>t the 
„ ° . i« hare his sheen will not eat h-iv well m.- eronc o to back numbers. And ihero is a hand- , U1 P/mcicss worm U) many, are yet tJie 
to choose? ii r 7 ’ some quarto monthly, entitled “ 7'he Wool Grow- thoroughfare for the citizen away from his 
w. f u 41 r r , •• less shut up and kept from the grass. er ’’—published at Buffalo, N. Y., by T. C. Pk- home—for the iournev the travel the lour' 
Whatever may be the motive for desiring Sheep often lose an amount of flesh in krs, fcsq.. at only 50 cts. a yoar-whioh i. doing but the Xnk rCdTfi homrme_f th 
a larger field of labor than our means will two or three weeks between grass and hay, £ 00(1 «ervico in promoting sheep husbandry.— Ed. trail8d vvhiclx is U1 , . md ( . ad(>d j ! X0 
justify, (except it bearer consciousness of " h ' ch “” 0 . t ^stored during the winter.— eaisinYoeese .' or it. fraction-wbich is to him wh'o”u6e.'i[ 
our capacity for extensive busincs. opera- " V,, ” if ...TAa a ..... _7~,- .,_ » double value or occupation for the hour. 
ouuu w uauik jiumuurB. jviiu mere is a natui- i \ . t 
me quarto monthly, entitled “The Wool Grow- thoroughfare for the citizen away from his 
’’—published at Buffalo, N. Y., by T. C. Pk- home — for the journey, the travel, the tour: 
ms, Esq., at only SO cts. a yoar-whioh is doing but thc pi iUlk road is lbr home use _f or the 
iod service in promoting sheep husbandry.—E d. . K. , . . , . 1U1 
the common plow, because thc subsoil is j U8 ‘*fy> (except it be aclear consciousness of 7 nter j. _ RAISING GEESE. or its fraction—which is to him who uses it 
rich in the elements of fertilitv On Knil R our capacity for extensive business opera- . . r 1 , ‘ 11 ( on , e : r ’ lV( . ! H ' m ta ® . . 7. , , a double value or occupation for tho hours 
zicn in wc elements oi ieruuty. un soils 1 J . . 1 . best feed you can, and if consistent with A goose is more easily raised than any t i, ft d .. v ; n/ .L lia , 1Q u 
of primary formation, where the subsoil is tlon8 ’ and a true lm »> ul80 to en 8 a 8° your concerns, put them in tho yard at other domestic bird of our experience; and Jnl7 ^nffn^ t f PP ^ ! 
not fertile, it should be done with the sub- ‘ Pcm )~i 8 a ppse nnd pernicious one, night if at all cold or stormy, and in the Here is the simple course we pursue:— foundation of all the institutions of societv” 
soil plow, which loosens, but does not bring and we sbab brid w ^ en wc come realize morning give them a little of the very best Feed the geese kept for breeders, moder- ___ _ _ ° c 7 ‘ 
the subsoil to thesurface. The deeper and tho result, that we have been deceived. A aft T er ‘ he y a ‘ely wdl all winter with a mixture of grain Graham Bread.—To he sure of having 
sufficiently 
yearlings certainly 
absorption of moisture which has filtered t,mcs !md seaso ““ 8hould be ““h a S aiaat Ick Their teeth are often loose, so a. to »wim to her heart’s content She ia only wate^an^topZnful KcnaTua’ So 
through a fertile soil. h,m - trouble them about eating. These two taking a necessary ablution; and as to the a hole in the flour, and stir this mixture in 
In the same column is an article from 1 have nofc sou 8 bfc b / theao romark8 fades may be put together, or if the num- idea that she will get wet and chill the eggs the middle of the meal till it is like batter, 
the Boston Cultivator recommending “nar to ^courage enterprise, but rather to pro- Ber of both kinds amount to some 75 or on her return, it is all nonsense. Whoever Then proceed as with fine flour. Make 
row furrows at,11 motc true enterprise and thrift, and to per- 100 ’ ‘ b «y f 011 Id be separated, putting the saw moisture adhere to the feathers of a your do F ugh wh en light enough, into four 
row furrows at all times and under all cir- 1 . , . . ‘ stronger of each age in one parcel and the well-fed, healthy goose. loaves Make it hotter than for mmmrm 
cumstances.” Every practical plowman suade youn 8 mcn that h Y . doin 8 a 8af « remainder in another. Strong, heavy sheep After the goslings arc hatched, let them bmid ; and bake itubout^ hour “id a 
knows that the depth of the furrow must be bu * mcB8 ' proportioned to their capital, they should also be separated from your ewes, run with the goose on grass, but be careful half. It is an excellent article of diet for 
graduated by the width, or the slice cannot will best promote their own happiness. Another axiom in reference to sheep is, that they are not exposed to wet, the first the dyspeptic and the costive, and lor so- 
be well turned. Smooth land kept in a S - LuTaKrt * n J v « ? 3 * C °f gr ° W P °° r W the T nt ° r; S, / C,r aft 7 ‘ ha ‘> there is den tary persons, and for children. 
I ciaymountFarm, February, 1R51. of all the animals we ever attempted tore- little danger, unless the rain be particularly --- 
proper state of cultivation should never re- - cruit, where there was not actual disease, cold and enduring. Witli a small allow- Covkuino for Gravel Walks. _Decom- 
ceive but one plowing for any crop, and To make excellent Blacking. —Put the poor sheep, as the weather grows warm- ance of boiled vegetables, mush, or oats, posed sandstone is an excellent covering for 
how can we plow deep with narrow furrows one gallon of water into a stone jug; add er in the last half of March, is the worst— ‘he flock will do well the first fortnight; af- walks, in order to bind any loose matcril of 
and turn the slice in a proper manner 9 ono P 0Un( l > vor y black, well pulverized; half If you do not feed grain, they will probably ter that they will subsist almost entirely on which they may be formed. Soon after its 
The same writer savs“the davs of flat a pound of loaf sugar; half an ounco of oil go down. If you feed grain it seems to grass and in the water. In the fall, feed application, the surface becomes perfectly 
, , ^ - . . of vitriol and one ounco of sweet oil; incor- relax, and make them weaker rather than well with boiled vegetables and grain, and smooth, and almost as firm as a flag. 'The 
p owing zavc been numbered.” Jf this is p 0 rate the whole by stirring. This will stronger. The best remedy is to keep them they will soon he sufficiently fattened for walks may be swept during wet weather, 
so it is fortunate for those who cultivate stiff, I make a great quantity. from getting poor. If your hay will not do the market .—American Agriculturist. nearly as well as wlion it ia°dry. 
