MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
BY L. WETHERBLL. 
or ministers, when they shall be called to other bills necessary for the support of a £L V O 
an account of what they have learned; and school of four months in a year should be AH-.U-UUMX* A^MTtQiUl K&tvXWk 
it any parents, masters, selectmen or grand *j i ,1 „ „ v , x __ ’ V 
to-,,™ J. i ll , . » . o paid by the parents, masters, or guardians- "■ -— - —- _ ___ 
‘is by this act required (L^ngTherwf'con- of the children in attendance at such school. DESCRIPTION OF SN OW-FLAKES. INGRATITUDE DISHONORABLE, 
vieted) shall pay a fine of 20 shillings to, ^ ur State Superintendent in his eulogy by i- wetherell. t , .... 
and for the use of the poor of the town— upon the free school principle of the late - s„..,v , a,,, rr<««, tram m a- days, wm a”noor ™tudenh °’ Them 7 A 
any Justice of the Peace to issue and de- laws, claims for itspaternity and coincidence KSKtT 5 EC5if::,'!“ ke "' „JLJT, ‘ f 
the earth is near, or below, the freezing point.’ 
“ Having light, we seek to impart it.” 
termine the same. \ , 1 Tvr T 7 7 ' fr T‘ Dg poil,t ” ncar at the time - a shoemaker who, though 
^ , . the laws and usages of Massachusetts, a The size of the snow-flakes denends tin- k- ^e e r ■ i • , - ,\ ° 
fi¥- Sec. 2d. Be it enacted <fcc.—That all na- * • * , , • f . , , . , , uepenus up himself far from rich m this world’s gear, 
rente and masters shall bring up their chil- ° * f< r d m ' ho la "' 5 on two causes : whenthe atmosphereaboands for the- purpose of encouraging this poor 
■I'll dren and apprentices to some honest calling, ° ‘ b » State of Connecticut From the m vapor and the temperature is near 32° student in his efforts to obtain an education, 
n\. -*■ labor or employment—useful to their pa- abov f quotations we can see what affinity Fah., the flakes are large: and as the mois- made him a pair of good boots such as 
•• Having light, we seek to impart it.” rents and to themselves, and the colony; or coincidence there is in the two systems, ture diminishes and the cold increases, the manv a RhirW f/ , n 7 j m, 
:.-—- and lf . an 7 of the selectmen after admoni- In New England the parents and guar- snow becomes finer In the former condi 7 i f 7 7 ^ 
Free Schoot. State Convention.—A Stnte tion given them to such masters of families „ rn -„ .j • o ui pecuniary value of the assistance thus ren- 
ConrenSon of the fend, of Free School,,»called shall line! them still negligent of their du- ' made responsib e-for the support tion of the atmosphere it is not uncommon derod was not great, but its moral value 
*» whereby children led servants grow “ d “‘T**” of tb< Y cb ‘ ldren - «’« “> ** ‘hat arc an inch in diameter, was far from inconsiderable; for who^e 
deretandg, to devise some means by Which the pres- rude and stubborn, such selectmen with the 8 y stem he recommends, the parents will The lower the temperature the less the di- heart is so weak as nnt to hn mnrn ri i TT 
* d ”“ of the assistant or Justice of the have no more to do in the superintendence, ameter of the flakes. At 10° Fah. snow- Z Lother 
^ in , CXp f ding 1 iti ? the rarely exceed seven-hundredths of an zes in its aspirations, and is cheering it on- 
be introduced on that occasion, and the delegated nr 1T1 t /• P . .. , support of the schools, than have tile slaves inch in diameter. Snow has been known ward in its nath? How mimr « n imn f 
wisdom of the Superintendents of Schools through- , ma * ter or masters for years; boys until they 0 f Virginia in the education of tlmirmn,. to fall o 7 77 woi d in its path ? How many a name, at 
out the State will be brought to bear on the occa- be 21 years of age, and girlsmntil they be 18 , ^ c ‘ <■ temperature that caused the the sound of which men feel renewed cu- 
sio,K years old, to the end they may be instruct- ter 8chlldre ^ , He sa y s: mercury to fall 12° and even to 20° below ergy, owes all its power to some circum- 
We are fully satisfied that no amend- ed and compelled to submit to government “The principle involved has repeatedly zero. But this is not common. stance of no more important? 
ment which may be made to the new school Sec. 3d. Be it enacted that whatsoever rcceived the sanction of public sentiment: The snow-flakes have a great diversity Time nassed on and in the 
^ t .J „„ a.m , child or servant within th;« - lt 19 m accordance with the spirit of the „ *• ,. .. ... k ... , iy nme passed on, and m the respectable 
We are fully satisfied that no amend- ed and compelled to submit to government “ The principle involved has repeatedly zero. But this is not common. stance of no more importance ? 
ment which may be made to the new school Sec. 3d. Be it enacted that whatsoever rece,ved the sanction of public sentiment; The snow-flakes have a great diversity Time passed on and in the 
law, can make it as good as the old law child or servant within this colony upon ^ 8pH Jl, of ^ of form, which, as every accurate observer JZnow assigned Ifim i 
, 1Tr u, complaint shall be convicted of stuhhnrn a g<L and the only system compatible with ... , ’ ’ , ‘ V , , ODS erver position now assigned him in the profeBSion- 
whose administration caused Hoiuce Mann or re P beIlious carria.^Suhei^er the 8 P irit of our Republican institutions,- will testify, constitute beautiful and regular al world, the poor student forgot his early 
to say, "New liork State has the best com- masters> or gover no ra , any two assistants or U 19 not a novelty n0Mr for the lirsfc time crystals; and it is the copious reflection of privations. He no longer needed the as- 
mon school system in the world.” While Justices of the Peace are hereby authorized f° Ugbt to be engrafted upon our legislation, light caused by these, that gives snow its sistance of his former benefactor, who indeed 
the old law. was in force the schools were aud empowered to convict and commit such but * prmoiple recognized and carried into brilliant whiteness. was incapable of sunnlving it-’for with »l! 
Dually, than m Mas^husette, where the ^ ber col »“ al ^tory - identified with her twelve Urnes greater, (more or lesa, depen. St Crispin had the failing which some 
schools are nominally free. judge meet” *' ^ greatness, prosperity, her influence and her d ^g upon the temperature and moisture thoughtlessly assert is a characteristic of the 
The old school system requii*cd of all pa- 7 An Act of the Cd of c ^ t vv ' eaUh - and transplanted from her soil to of the atmosphere,) than that of the water order. In his case, intemperance bore its 
rents possessing the requisite means, to do 1690.-It being found that many families n*- ® th ® y ou «g es t States :in the produced by melting it. natural fruit-the most abject poverty, 
something directly toward educating their Lad allowed young ‘ barbarians’ to grow Uiuon Our forefathers have transmitted to - J I / 
children, while it exempted all such as were up in their midst who could not * read the ua i moral and rB . iff : niw fr , ipdnm T , 
enuuren, wmie h excmpieo an suen as were not - react me ua]> moral and re!i iou8 freedom . Thev 
unable to pay their relative share of the ex- 7/ 7" > ^ !T d ‘l®. g °,° d lAW§ °! have confided our dekny as a people to our 
pense of the school, from being taxed, and at p . 7 WAS °! - amC ' y . 1 ie G . enera ow n hands. Upon our individual and com- 
. . o’ Uourt that the grand jurymen m each town i- j • . r . , . . 
the same time, they were urged to send their do once in the year at least, visit each fain- if™’ /I'l ’ pa ‘ r , ,oU8r 5 
children to school. To all such the schools ily they suspect to neglect the education of self CO vernmfenU” ° f th<? StCdfc P ‘° b Cm ° f 
were literally free—free in fact, as in name, tbc ‘if children and servants, and to return ° ' 
which is more than can be trulv said of the ^ be names such as they find neglectful, ^ ^ be ^ n pci in tendon t in his eulo- 
pre«ent system " to tb< i c °uoty courts, there to be lined 20 gy upon the character and principles of our 
There can be no amendment made to the SX bthu^cStd” * en ™‘ ’ ,h °“ f° refMhere ’ intended find any authority 
present school law that will not cause the in- “An Act of t/ie°Slate of Connecticut in or ' or ““7 “ eocffllt y of hls oppressive, nn- 
discriminate taxation of property or persons, 1742.—For the improvement and encour- ’ an uemoializmg system of taxation, 
or both—and this is the very front of the a g CEQ ent of town schools. That the civil he can find n0 warrant of justification what- 
offending. What we would say, is, let all autho |' it y and selectmen in every town shall for such an innovation upon the do- 
who enjoy the pleasures and blessings of a 7 thfsoLnk l schoo!s ’ aad inspectors mestic relations and usurpation of parental 
, , a , or the schools, and enquire into the qualih- authority and duties 
family of children, be allowed and expected cations of the masters of them and the pro A l (! 
to defray the expenses which this voluntary ficiency of the children, to give such direc- 8 a tur . aiguraent rc P cat<!(iI y urged 
gratification incurs. Is there any goodrea- dons as tbe y shall think needful to render ® u P erbl l en dent and a host of others 
son why this should not be so? sucb scbocds mos t serviceable to increase who are expectants of spoil from this tax- 
__ - -_ _ that knowledge, civility and religion which gathering principle, which is, that out of 
son why this should not be so ? 
of his friend’s generosity, or even a spark 
of the gratitude inherent in every noble 
mind, how eagerly he would have hastened 
to his relief, when he learned the condition 
of him to whose kindness he owed so much. 
But no, the poor shoemaker was passed un¬ 
heeded by, his heart uncheered by one grate¬ 
ful word, his feet unwarmed by a single 
j pair of bools. 
There are many who pride themselves 
upon their high sense of honor, that have 
for this reason ever despised this student 
and avoided all intercourse with him; say¬ 
ing a man so ungrateful, so contemptibly 
mean, would rob his own father, if lie met - 
him in the dark. They consider ingratitude 
something supremely dishonorable, and 
j that knowledge, civility and religion which gathering principle, which is, that out of Isolated crystals' unite * under angles of ^ ^ llcld m Utter abho ‘‘ renca ~ 
SCHOOL LAWS. — OLD AND NEW. ’ s d <^gned m creating them That every 28,000 persons convicted of crime only 128 30, 60 and 120 “degrees. These by ‘their ^ i 7^7 
DY MicLTLioora ^7 “V o„n°„Tv 5 to^ r. VC SC, ;°“'| S l,ad <!n j°y e( l ‘fie bewfit of a common school diBfereni modes of union form several hun- fet “ ““ butlforget 
. — : d some ££ ofZod ; thorofore the necessity of . ro- dreddistinctvarie.iesofsnow.llakes. Scores- % ^ ^’7 
T*“ a "0 h—WJ. condition versa,ion l keep sufh scl3 Z The «*» «o his system of taxation. \t would J* ZtT, 1 T* 7'"' TX “ ^ ^ 13 “ 
m which our common schools have been inhabitants of a town less than 70 house- have beenwell for the Superintendent before am all eomorted mder“'etelws ‘7,° ' , ,, .. 
placed by a disorganizing and rickety sys- bolder, to keep a school lialf a year, that he resorted to such means for the support cording to Scoresby the star Genre (fiA) Y '°"? '“ y “ en char S eab 0 wl * 
tern of Legislation, has made it the duty ol “‘“‘"S' m ! ever / £1 ’ (m *>° ™«d and of his ition t0 have looled , ia ,‘ t i„ the diagram given above, Is obsefved f" mcons,B ‘ e “y at w fi |cb ol,e 
every friend to order and good morals to ^Saiden" sum X,1 be malt “ d lhe ««*» of eHme before he had »<!«» «« thermometer is near the freezing be “P™* 1 f he be snrpnscd at 
unite in an effort to restore to a healthy 1 parents of the cbddren| nidesTt £ given currency to such a gross mUreproscnt- (% 'l *> “ ^ TT* dlK 7y““ ld Pre¬ 
condition the common schools of our State, habitants of any town agree otherwise.” alion of facts. Thc j;.™, 1 "'i. { °' V tem Pf‘* lur0 - dce[MSt insult, the bare intimation that 
and to remove that evil of contention, liti- “These- says the common School Sn- On the 1st of January, 1851, the State efebt^Z^uXJETddhe^ ¥? " T 7 T “,T ’ 
gallon, and disorder, which the State sn- permtendent of Conneetient, “ were the Prison Inspectors made n reporttothe Leg- by Scoresby. From it, hofever, thc reader d ' 3hon ' Jrahk '' m ”'' "ntempubly mean, than 
perintende.it fully admits is now destroying "‘f. and ^‘"5 of the is|alurR 0 „ the caMCS of U ,, » may be led to observe for himself, the great “ le , man wbo, “ the 7 dcs P ,sc ' ,nsendl "8. cold 
They say, let a man do anything but forget 
his friends or violate his word of honor.— 
mu come person ot good repute and con- J by, an Arctic navigator of great celebrity Tbelr ln q ulr y ^ not, is it right; but is it 
versation to keep such school 2d. The sort to hls system of taxation. It would h :’ pnnmOM , , , ,, o 
• i . r \ c , , nr ,, o . , , , „ liab enumerated six hundred; and these honorable? 
inhabitants of a town less than 70 house- have beenwell for the Superintendent before are all comnrised nndpr a,. . , 
hnMPHtnUn.ite.Leii i»if ...... .u. , , , . , , .. compnsea under bve classes. Ac- Yet those very men are chargeable with 
unite in an effort to restore to a healthy 
condition the common schools of our State, 
and to remove that evil of contention, liti- 
.v vunv in, uni OUUtblCm bU KCCU Uie r , j ,, r . , „ , , 
school, a sufficient sum shall be made by facts and the causes of cnme before hehad 
the parents of the children, unless the in- S' lven currency to such a gross misrepresent- 
habitants of any town agree otherwise.” ation of facts. 
“These” says the common School Su- On the 1st of January, 1851, the State 
permtendent fully admits is now destroying ™ an ^. Iar rcacmng ea f tm ® nts ot . th « islature. On the causes of crime they say- be Itid to observe for himself, the great wnom tney despise, in sending cold 
the peace and tranquility of the nece^ “ Of the 782 convicte a,L Anbu^S of wbiob Infinite Wtfdom -d hungry, from Ins door, him by whose 
svstem of education 7 ! } ,7 ^cnooi syscem has given bodies ol so smalla bu k as snow- generous labor he once was warmed. But 
syBiem or education. until within the last half century, and so on, 517 were never instructed m any trade r. . rn . 
■v , f it x , , f ar . 4 i „ ,• , * ... , , J nakts. it is nevertheless true. I hey may never 
In order more fully to appreciate the best ai f tbe mode of su PP ort 18 concerned, or calling whereby to earn a subsistence, Red Snow and Green Snow have been have forgotten the friends that gave them 
mode of effecting the object of educating untd lbwl > wben b 7 the most disastrous 308 had been deprived of a home before known to fall in the Arctic regions. The u * .1 . x 13 . , 
„ x T , ,, 1 . , x T 7 enactment ever placed on our statute book - x. f A., , . , . L aiieo „r ♦ki. -At . 8 7 7, boots when they were too poor to buy; but 
our youth, we should go back to that code i Q „.ni „ui; , • ... ’ i6 }’ears of age, 191 deprived of a parent caus >e ot tms is said, from examination, to be , J , , TT - r J 
/■ i x- j . j t. . . Je 8 aI obligation to raise either a state, . e p reut , an infinite nnmW nf « tmtom j.ccf ; have they remembered Him to whose mercy 
of regulation adopted by our forefathers, town, or society tax for the sunnort of 371 were intemperate, and 468 had receiy- nue number of a certain class of mi- • , , , , . -. , 9 y 
1 -x -xt xi j n . . ’ , poi ine support or , r .. . . croscopic plants which flourish at a vorv they are indebted for those friends ? They 
anc compare it with the demoralizing and schools ceased and permission was given ed no moral or religious mstniction. Of the iow temperature. But with regard to the may have been grateful to those whose 
disorgamzmg system of the present day. maIastbe W ^ 84 » wcr0 I™™ 3 » bb * «• to have fallen in sympathy nerved their hearts for the battle 
The code of our pilgrim forefathers who “." d “ 21 I’^s of age at the tone of con- 1 .1 vleimty with the snow in December, of Hfe . but where is their gratitude to God 
landed on Plymouth Rock, and as early as ” Under these wise and far-reaching cn- ''““n i 487 had never been taught a traile, 1J49 ^ say asj a d^ngutshed naturaW whQ ^ Wends> a „ d thom . 
1640 gave legal form to what had been actments the school hahitf? of the ntml nf a nd 60 of them could not read; 230 were 01 a g e ^ aKl t° some one who told him b , , , f, • , 
, b , . ^ . ULtn aCbmen >s me scnooi naoits ot the people of VV ^ 1L ' that he had seen a shower of animals with selves hearts to be warmed by their cheer- 
adopted by the Parent in the Colony to a Connecticut were formed, and in these hab- intemperate. Of the 114 convicts at Clm- his own eyes- “It is fortunate ” said he inf words 9 
system of common school education; and, ^ the ^peculiar ’ excellence of our school ton, 10 could not read. At the female “that you have seen it, for now I believe it; Perhaps’they never robbed in the dark 
infCdO.tbe colony of Connecticut copied tffig at^of ifpeop e LmZs^ *T " T 7 “ ^ f* 5 ^ :1 “ “* b - 
into her code the law of Massachusetts u.uu ,1 ® y 7 , , P P j , , neither read nor write.” lieved it.” . / r , . , , 
1.-1 . , , habits that our school laws and our schools fn , T x r .i , Tho mm nf tnnw on. mx.il L„x. r «r« to til their childhood gave place to manhood 
whteb was continued to the year 1821,- with more abundant means and increased ^ Inspector, further say, that aknowl- It ll been properlv ™U> ite independeno; but have they not 
whtek u a transcript of the Divine law. fact],ties of instruction no longer accom- «%« f toeel.amcal trade would do styl J.. the man , s m „ nura> , P It f ? rm { robbod the Most High, that gave them be- 
The following is a copy of the act: P llsh lhe same results, which, according to more to find employment, would do more a warm covering for the soil, and thus de- ing and all tW. make., life invn„, 
° i j " ■ | *i , x- e ' 11 •' r , ° 1 * ' * “ 11 vvanu. uuvering for the soil, and thus de- ing and all that makes life iovous robbed 
An Act for Educating Children.- For- “ o°f S,’” thaUtoie were ^ ‘“pTm ‘ ““ ** *»* Te Sp at , io ? b » m . ‘ be of the of the hnmble , 0T0 th ^ Um i: 
uch as the education of children is of v i , ( f 0c ay . at taat tlme , weie education that the most zealous teachers winter. It also diminishes the intensity of o r, xi x i x. V - i 
eenturv £ "" U " S ^ could impart. Of the 1,540 male convicts the darkness during thc long winter nig'hts, ^ ,u ™ ? ^ »<>t. both by togbt and 
“ids the peculiar glory of Connecticut - in prison 928 arc under 30 years of £ thehtlton 
and of her school system, that at the begin- age, and 1,042 have never learned any me- m0 ve bis fencing materials, and'to carry his call their own, what is only lent them from 
ning ot the nresent fifint.tirvr. hetore Lor mil. oLnnmt.1 to«do . 1 . i , J J 
singular behoof and benefit to any people; P resent could impart. 
hi!taWnt e ^T a negieTf en tIipfr n( dnf aSter Tt ar ' e “ Ifc ^ the P eculiar S loi T of Connecticut now in P rison ’ 
therefore enacted by the Governor 7 Council ?? d ° f f ber Scl ’° o1 lhat at tb » ^ “f and 1 ’® 42 
and Representatives in General Court as- n “g °f P^nt century before her mu- ehamcal trade. 
semhled. and h. the nnthnrit,, „f A. ““ "I 60 ™ 4 Soho0 ' ,U,,d bad J ,elded <»» _ "T— 
surplus produce to market tj ie j ord and refuse to pa\’ the stipulated 
sembled~ and bv the audio n't f it , “ luw ut acuuut mnu uau yieiueu one aouar “r~-"—- —-- - --- ’ F J owjjutaw.u 
that the’selectmen in ever/ town^SS ° f revenue towards the support of the The curiosity of an honorable mind wil- A Parisian inventor thinks he has at. rent? If such conduct is no violation of 
colony in their several precincts shall have schools ’ that her P eo P le had solved the g rcat lln S 1 Y re . 6ts where the love of truth does not last discovered the long sought desideratum, bonor ’ might not one well say, “ I’ll none of 
a vigilant eye over their brethren and neigli P rob ^ cm of our a S e b y educating every urge it lurther onward, and the love of its a machine for setting type. He has been it?” But there is no such exception to the 
bors, and see that none of them suffer so chdd 1 h®™ or residing within ite limits not neighbor bids it stop; in other words, it at work upon it for fifteen years, and hav- general principle, as one would be led by 
much harh-imm in «nv nf their tom;i; J 7 only to read the holy word of God and the willingly stops at the point where the inter- ing completed it, has entered it for exhibi- 7, , . ( , 3 
, , 1 . ‘ m lies as .-pxvxm i aws n f the. State, hut to meet, the ri„. este of truth do not. hL.knn it. nnmuvJ -mvi xil ix_ 7 V. xk the conduct of many to suppose. 
anv 01 their families oc J J ^ o j - -- — r — —uauiui* 
^r others to teach their ^°° d - aWS ° f the Sta - e ’ but ^ mCet the du ' 6StS • trU - th d ° n0t beckon . !t onward, and tion at the World’s Fair. It comprises both 
much barbarism in any of their families as 
,ieS . of b . 0mc - and - n <4' bborbo ° d ' i nd 6bare cbM % crics - Halt ’—Coleridge. a distributor and setting stick, is afforded at Theretore, these “ men of honor” should 
as may enable them nerfectlv to rend m the adrainistratlon of P ubllc affairs as a ---- a low price and will set ten thousand ems come with all their burthen of shame to 
English tongue and acouire a knnwledo-e nf VOter and 38 eh S ,ble to an J office.” In Europe, people take off their hate to an hour. It is said not to interfere with Him who can remove it, and freely 
the laws; and the grand jurymen are here- A law of tbis State passed in 1821, pro- la Ame " ca ’ f reat men takc off the regular appointments of a printing of- offers so to do. At all events, they should 
T ed ******** fund3applic “ ble 10 fice ' a “ d J^ ir !L n ;.". e :. c . h ~ 
if anv be unable to do ’ an the suppoi t of common schools should be ot men equal to the children of goda In the human skeleton there are two most dishonorable. Shall they cast the first 
they do as much at least as^to 0 b iat ‘t to d * str ‘ bu t ed am01, g t be school districts, ac- -;--r—- hundred and fifty-two separate bones.— stone? Or shall they acknowledge that he 
be done that they learn V cording to the number c.'* children in the dis- If we scrutinize the lives of men of ge- Hard-working people sometimes have an only is an honorable man, who obeys the 
short catechism without a book, and^be able trict {rom 4tol6 yearsof age,and should be niU8 ’ We f. ha11 , find that en ®. r ^. and P^[ sist ' extra nan | ber ' whi 1 cbare / ormcd near the command, “Thou shall love the Lord thy God 
to mcwc, C11 »]. nnactmm. o ’i ii i i- j „ xi , e xi i. i ence ar c their leading peculiarities. Obsta- joints of the thumb, fore-finger and toes.— with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, 
nounded to then?bv their narente mn r ^ *!^i / ^ ^ 0 ie bC loc | cles cannot intimidate, nor labor weary, nor They are useful in increasing the power of and with all thy'mind,” and “Thoushalt 
y ' P l crs eachers, (not including board,) and that all drudgery disgust them. the muscles wherever they grow. love thy neighbor as thyself?” s. s. n. 
• Coleridge. 
x- . xt w /j, rv- tx • , . tne conduct or many to suppose. 
tion at the World’s hair. It comprises both . ,, ’ ,, , „ , ,, 
a distributor and setting-stick, is afforded at -Therefore, these men ot honor should 
a low price and will set ten thousand ems come with all their burthen of shame to 
