MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL, 
75 
scythes, 2; C cradle scythes, 2; G manure forks, 2; 
hay rigging, 2; best lot grain measures, 2; do doz. 
wire brooms, 3; 2d do, 2; best doz. shaker, or twine 
tied brooms, 3; 2d do, 2. Sample of each kind of 
brooms to which premiums are awarded to be de¬ 
posited in museum. 
FARM IMPLEMENTS No. 3. 
Best horse power for general purposes on the 
sweep or lever principle, $5 and dip; horse power 
on railroad or endless chain principle, do.; iron 
horse power, do.; thrasher, tc be used with horse 
or steam power, do. 
Best seed planter, for hand or horse power, for 
hills or drills, $3 and dip.; wheat drill, not less 
than ti drills, dip.; grain drill, with apparatus for 
depositing manure, dip; cultivator and drill com- 
bined,dip; broad cast sower, dtp; wheat culitvator 
dip; portable sawmill, for wood, fences, and for 
farm use, dip; corn shelter, horse power, dip; corn 
eheller, hand power, dip; vegetable cutter, dip; best 
and numerous collection of agricultural implements 
20 and dip; best and most numerous collection of 
agricultural implements, manufactured in the 
State of New York, by or under the supervision of 
the exhibitor, materials, workmanship, utility, du¬ 
rability and prices to be considered in both cases, 
$20 and dip. 
In theso last cases, a catalogue of the imple¬ 
ments, and the price of each, must bo given, and 
certificate as to (lie manufacture. 
P. S.—Persons presenting agricultural imple¬ 
ments or articles of mechanical ingenuity and util¬ 
ity, are requested to furnish the Secretary with a 
particular description of the article, the price, and 
place where it can be had—as it is intended to 
publish a descriptive list of the articles exhibited 
at the Show, for the benefit of manufacturers and 
purchasers. 
MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS, No. 4. 
For the most valuable machine or implement 
for the farmer, either newly invented, or an im¬ 
provement on any one in use, silver medal. 
Steam Engine for Farm purposes .—Best steam 
engine for agricultural purposes on the farm—be¬ 
ing movable— which, from its utility in saving 
labor and expense, simplicity and cheapness of 
construction, or other circumstances, shall be 
deemed worthy of public notice. The report must 
be accompanied by drawings and descriptions of 
the machine and by a model—the model or ma¬ 
chine to bo deposited in Society’s Museum, silver 
medal and $25; 2d do, 20. 
Silver medals will also be awarded for articles 
of mechanical ingeuuity, and machinery deemed 
useful. 
DAIRY. 
Butter. —Best lot (quality os well as quantity 
considered) made from 5 cows in 30 consecutive 
days, 25 lbs. of the butter to be exhibited, $25; 2d 
do, 15; 3d do, 10. 
Compliance with the following rules will be 
strictly required of those who compete for these 
premiums, viz:—The cows to be fed on pasture, 
green corn stalk fodder, or grass cut for the purpose 
only. No grain, roots or slops of any description to 
be fed during the trial. The cows to be owned by 
the competitors previous to the first day of Febru¬ 
ary, 1851. The milk to be drawn from the cows 
on some day during the trial to bo accurately weigh¬ 
ed and measured, and the result stated. A sample 
of at least 25 pounds of the butter so made to be 
exhibited at the Show for the inspection of the ex¬ 
amining committee. The particular breed of cows 
to be stated, if known, and the method of making 
and preserving Iho butter, A certificate signed by 
the owners of the cows and at least one other per¬ 
son who assisted in milking and making the butter, 
detailing the above particulars will be required. 
lyCt the above regulations be observed, and an 
opinion approximating to accuracy may be formed 
by the public, which of the several breeds of cows 
are the best for dairy purposes; and from those that 
pro ve the Lest, further improvements may bo made. 
Best 25 lbs. of butter, made in June, $10; 2d do, 
5; 3d do, Trans. Beet 50 lbs. made at any time, 
$15; 2d do, 10; 3d do, 5; 4th do, Trans. Best £ 
doz. butter firkins, $2; beet .j doz. butter tubs, 2. 
The claimants for premiums must state in writing 
when tlie butter was made; the number of oows 
kept on the farm; the mode of keeping; the treat¬ 
ment of the cream and milk before churning, win¬ 
ter and summer; the method of freeing the butter 
from the milk; the quantity and kind of salt used; 
whether saltpetre or any other substance has been 
employed; also whether in the use of any variety 
of salt, injurious results have occurred, if so, state 
variety and where manufactured. 
The butter offered for premiums must be present¬ 
ed in butter tubs, jars or firkins. 
G-irls under 21 years of age .—Best lot of butter, 
not less than 10 lbs., made utany time, .Silver >lilk 
Cup; 2d do, Fair Butter Knives; 3d do, Sett Tea 
Spoons. 
A statement of the manner of making the butter 
must accompany each sample. 
CHEESE— One ylak Old and Ovkk. 
Best 100 lbs. cheese, $20, 2d do, 10; 3d do, 5; 
4th do, Trans. 
Less than one year old. —Best 100 lbs., $15; 2d do, 
10; 3d do, 5; 4th do, Trans. Best i dozen Cheese 
Boxes, $i; best G Dairies (not less than 3 cheese 
from each) from any county, 30; best 3 Dairies (not 
loss than 3 cheese from each) from any town, 15. 
Those who present cheese for the premiums of¬ 
fered, must state in writing the time it was made; 
the number of cows kept; whether the cheese was 
made from one, or two, or more milkings; whether 
any addition is made of cream; the quantity of ren¬ 
net used, and the mode of preparing it; the mode 
of pressure; and the treatment of cheese ufterwards, 
and the kind of salt used. 
SUGAR. 
Best 25 lbs. maple sugar, $10; 2d do, 5; 3d do, 3; 
4th do, 'l’rans. 
'The process of manufacturing and clarifying, 
must accompany the samples offered. 
HONEY. 
Best 20 lbs., $5; 2d do, 3; 3d do, 2. 
GRAIN AND SEEDS. 
Best sample Winter Wheat, not less than 1 buL, 
$5; 2d do, do, 3. Best sample of Spring Wheat, 1 
bbl., 5; 2d do, do, 3. Best sample of Rye, 1 bbl., 
5; 2d do, 3. Best sample of Oats, 1 bbl., 5; 2d do. 
3. Best sample of Barley, 1 bbl., 5; 2d do, 3. Best 
sample Indian Corn, 1 bbl., 5; 2d do, 3, Best Ham- 
pie Buckwheat, 1 bushel, 3; 2d do, 2. Best sample 
Flax .Seed, 1 bushel, 3; 2d do, 2. Best sample Hops 
not less than 25 lbs., 5; 2d do, 3. Best sample 
Timothy seed, 1 bushel, 3; 2d do, 2. Best sample 
of newly introduced Grain, valuable to the farmer, 
not less than 1 bbl., 3. 
(Samples of Grain and Seed in all cases to be 
deposited in the Museum of the Society.) 
Sample of crops cultivated and raised on any one 
farm, tastefully arranged and exhibited on a v. agon 
or cart, $10; 2d do, 5; 3d do, Sm. Sil. Med. 
The exhibitors to present a certificate to the com¬ 
mittee that all were raised on the exhib/cor’e own 
farm. 
VEGETABLES. 
12 best stalks of Celery, $3; G best heads of 
Cauliflower, 3; G best heads of Brocoi , 3; 12 best 
white table Turnips, 3; 12 beet Carr y,, 3, 12 best 
Beets; 3; 12 best Parsnips, 3; 12 beat Onions, 3; 6 
best heads of Cabbage, 3; 12 best Tomatoes, 3; 2 
heat Purple Egg Plants, 3; 12 host Sweet Potatoes, 
3; best half peck of Lima Beane, T ,ost half pe< k 
of W'indsor Beans, 3; best hu id* <!• juble Parsley, 
3; 3 best Squashes, 3; largest Pumpkin, 3; 12 Lest 
ears of Seed Corn, 3; best naif peek table Potatoes, 
3; 2d do. 2; best and greatest vane! y of Vegetables 
raised by exhibitor, 5; 2d best do, 3; best new and 
valuable variety of vegetables with evidence of its 
superiority. 3. 
Discretionary premiums will he awarded on choice 
garden products not above enumerated. 
FLOUR, INDIAN MEAL, STARCH AND 
FARINA. 
Best l-arrel Flour, S. Sil. Medal, 2d do, Trans.— 
Best barrel Indian Meal, prepared for warm cli¬ 
mates, S. Sil. .Medal; 2d do, Trans.; best sample 
Starch from Corn, S. Sil. Medal; best sample do. 
from Wheat. S. Sil. Medal; best sample of Corn or 
Wheat Farina, S. Sil, Medal 
SILK AND DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES, 
No. 1. 
Best specimen manufactured silk, (woven into 
cloth or ribbons, not less than ten yards,) Diploma 
and $10; 2d do, 8; 3d do, 3. 
Heeled Silk — Not less than one pound. —Best 
specimen, Dip. and $5; 2d do, 3; 3d do, Trans. 
Sewing Silk — Net less than o?ie pound. —Best, 
specimen, Dip. and $5; 2d do, 3; 3d do, Trans. 
Cocoons. —Best hnlf bushel, (1851;) 5; 2d do, 
Trans. 
Woolen Goods. —Best pair woolen blankets, $G; 
2d do, 4; 3d do, 2. Best 10 yards flannel, 0; 2d do, 
4; 3d do, 2. Best 10 yards woolen cloth, 10; 2d do, 
8; 3d do, 3. Best 15 yards woolen carpet, 10; 2d 
do, 8; 3d do, 3. Best hearth rug, 5; 2d do, 4; 3d 
do, 3; 4th do, 2; 5th do, S. Sil. Medal. Best rag 
carpet, 15 yards, 5; 2d do, 4; 3d do, S. Sil. Medal. 
domestic manufactures, N 0.2. 
Best double carpet coverlet, $5; 2d do, 4; 3d do, 
3; 4th do, 2; 5th do, 1. Best 10 yards kersey; 5; 
2d do, 4; 3d do, 2. Best pair woolen knit stock¬ 
ings, 2; 2d do, 1. Best pair woolen wove stock¬ 
ings, 2; 2d do, 1. Best pair woolen fringe mittens, 
2; 2d do, 1. 
DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES, No. 3. 
Best 10 yards linen, .$8; 2d do, 6; 3d do, 4. Best 
10 yards linen diaper, G; 2d do, 4; 3d do, 2. Best 
15 yards tow cloth, 5; 2d do, 2. Best pair cotton 
knit stockings, 2; 2d do, 1. Best pair cotton wove 
stockings, 2; 2d do, 1. Best pair linen knit stock¬ 
ings, 2; 2d do, 1. Best, pair linen wove stockings, 
2; 2d do, 1. Best pound linen sewing thread, 2; 
2d do, 1. 
Articles in each of these domestic classes to be 
manufactured within the year—and in all cases, the 
exhihitors must furnish evidence that the articles 
are so manufactured. And no article manufactured 
im factories, or out of the family, will be received 
in either of the classes of domestic goods, No. 1, 2 
and 3. Exhibitors must uccompany their nrticles 
with a certificate of their manufacture in the family, 
and within the year. 
Discretionary premiums will be awarded on arti¬ 
cles of merit not included in the above lists. 
MANUFACTURES OTHER THAN DOMES¬ 
TIC. 
Best piece of black broadcloth, not less than 20 
yards, Diploma. Best piece of blue, do, Dip. Best 
piece of woolen carpet, manufactured in factory, 
not less than 20 yards, Dip. Best piece of satinet, 
20 yards, Dip. Best piece of cotton shirting, blench¬ 
ed, 2(1 yards, Dip. Best piece cotton shirting, un¬ 
bleached, do, Dip. Best piece of oil cloth, 10 yards, 
Dip. Best piece of prints, 20 yards, k ip. Best piece 
of rnousseliri de luines, 20 ynrds, Dip. Best piece of 
black broadcloth, from American wool, 20 yards. 
Dip. Best piece of blue, do, Dip. Best pieco of 
blankets, Dip. Best piece of flannel, Dip. Best 
piece of woolen shawls, from American wool, Dip. 
and Small Medal. 
Competition open to the world. 
NEEDLE, SHELL AND WAX WORK. 
Best ornamental needle-work, $3; best ottoman 
cover, 3; best table cover, 3; best group of flowers, 
3; best variety of worsted work. 3; best fancy chair 
work with needle, 3; best worked cushion and back, 
3; best worked collar and handkerchief, 3; best 
woolen shawl, 3; best worked quilts, 3; best white 
quilts, 3; best portfolios worked, 3; best silk bon¬ 
nets, 3; best straw bonnet, 3; best lace capes, 3; 
best lampstand mats, 3; second best do, 2; best or¬ 
namental shell work, 3; second best do, 2; best 
specimen of wax flowers, 3; second best do, 2. 
Discretionary premiums will be awarded for arti¬ 
cles of merit not included in the above list; and 
small silver medals, to the number of twenty, muy 
be awarded, and Trans., Downing or Thomas on 
Fruits, and Norton’s Prize Essay. 
FLOWERS, PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR 
LIST. 
Professional List. 
Greatest variety and quantity of flowers, $5; 2d 
ditto, 3. 
Dahlias — Greatest variety, 5; best 24 dissimilar 
blooms, 3; 2d do, 2; best single dahlia, 2. 
Roses. —Greatest variety, 5; best 24 dissimilar 
blooms, 3; 2d do, 2. 
Phloxes ■—Best ten varieties, 3; best seedling, 2. 
Verbenas. —Greatest vnriety, Silver Medal; best 
12 varieties, 2; best seedling, 2. 
German Asters .—Best collection, Silver Medal; 
2d do, 2. 
Pansies. —Best and greatest variety, 3; best 24 
varieties, 2. 
Amateur List. 
Greatest variety and quantity of flowers, Silver 
Medal; 2d do, $3. 
Dahlias. —Greatest variety, Sil. Medal; best 12 
dissimilar blooms, 3; best 6 varieties, 2; best single 
variety, S. Sil. Medal. 
Roses.— -Greatest variety, Silver Medal; 2d do, 2; 
best 6 dissimilar blooms, 3. 
Phloxes. —Best G varieties, 3; best 3 varieties, 2; 
best seedling, 2. 
Verbenas. —Greatest variety, Silver Medal; best 
seedling, 2; best G varietios, 3; best 3 varieties, 2. 
German Asters. —Best collection, Sm. Sil. Medal. 
Pansies. —Best and greatest vuriety, Sil. Medal; 
best C varieties, 2. 
GENERAL LIST. 
Open to all Competitors. 
Best collection of green house plants, owned by 
one person, Silver Medal; 2d do, $3. Best floral 
design, Silver Medal; 2d do, 3. Best floral orna¬ 
ment, Silver Medal; 2d do, 3. Best hand bouquet, 
Hat, 3; 2d do, 2. Best hand boquet, round, 3; 2d 
do, 2. Best basket boquet with handle, Sil. Med. 
For the most beautifully arranged basket of flowers, 
Sil. Medal. Best floral exhibition, by nny Horti¬ 
cultural Society, Loudon’s Encyclopedia of Gar¬ 
dening. Best exhibition of dried specimens of 
planes, Silver Medal. For newly discovered varie¬ 
ties of plants, Sil. Medal. 
I-RUIT-APPLES AND PEARS. 
For the largest and best varieties of good table 
apples, 3 of each variety, named nnd labelled, grown 
by exhibitor, Diploma and Hovey’s Colored Fruits; 
2d do, $5; 3d do, Trans. For best 12 varieties of 
table apples, 5; 2d do, Trans, and 2. For best fall 
seedling apple, for all purposes, with description 
of tree, history of its origin, Ac., one dozen spec¬ 
imen* to be exhibited, 5. Best basket of standard 
fruits, Silver Medal. 
Pears. —For the largest number of varieties of 
good pears, named and labelled, Diploma and Hov¬ 
ey’s Colored Fruits; 2d do, $5; 3d do, Trans. For 
the largest and best collection of autumn pears, 
:<amed and labelled, Dip. and $5; 2d do, Truns. 
and 2. Best collection of newly introduced pears, 
with a description, Ac., Diploma and Hovey's Col¬ 
ored Fruits. 
PEACHES, PLUMS AND NECTARINES. 
Peaches. —Best G varieties, named and labelled, 
Diploma and $5; 2d do, 3. Best 3 varieties, named 
nnd labelled, 3; 2d do, Trans. Best 12 peaches, 2; 
2d do, Trans. Beet seedling variety, six speci¬ 
mens, 3. 
Plums. —Best collection of plums, 6 specimens of 
each variety, Diploma and $5; 2d do, 3. Best 4 
varieties of good plums, G specimens each, 3; 2d do, 
2. Best 12 plums, choice variety, 2; 2d do, Trans. 
Nectarines .—Best and largest number of good va¬ 
rieties, 6 specimens each, $2; 2d do, 2. Best 12 
specimens of any good variety, 2; 2d do, Trans. 
QUINCES, GRAPES, CRANBERRIES, Ac. 
Quinces .—Best 12 quinces, of any variety, $3; 
2d do, Trans. 
Grapes .—Best and most extensive collection of 
good native grapes, grown in the open air, $5; 2d 
do, 2. Best 3 varieties of native or foreign grapes, 
grown under glass, three bunches to be shown, 5; 
2d do, 2. Best dish of native grapes, Trans. 
Watermelons .—Best specimen of any variety, $3; 
2d do, 2. Best collection of watermelons, 3. 
Muskmetons .—Best specimen of any variety, $3; 
2d do, 2. Best collection of muskmelons, 3. 
Cranberries. —Best peck oi domestic culture, $o; 
2d do, 3. 
To be accompanied with a full description ol the 
manner of cultivation, nature of soil. Ac. 
Any premiums may be withheld, in the discretion 
of the committee, if the samples exhibited ure not 
worthy of a premium. 
The fruit exhibited for which premiums are 
awarded to be at the disposal of the committee. 
No person can receive but a single premium on 
the same fruit. 
12 volumes of Downing, common edition, and 12 
of Thomas’ Fruit (Cult., will he awarded by the 
committee in their discretion, for choice fruits not 
enumerated. • 
FOREIGN FRUIT. 
For best exhibition of each variety of Fruits 
named in the above list, by persons out of the State, 
Sm. Silver Medal and Trans.; 2d do, Downing or 
Thomas. 
Volumes of Downing or Thomas will be award¬ 
ed by the judges in their discretion for choice fruits 
not enumerated. 
PAINTINGS—ANIMAL PAINTINGS:, DRAW¬ 
INGS, Ac. 
Best specimen of animal painting in oil, by Amer¬ 
ican artist, Dip. or Sil. Medal. Best specimen of 
animal painting in water colors, by do. Diploma. 
Best specimen of animal painting in oil, by foreign 
artist, Dip. Best specimen of animal painting in 
water colors, by do, Dip. Best specimen of cattle 
drawing, Dip. Best drawing of show grounds for 
Society, Dip. Best portruit of some animal of mer¬ 
it of an improved breed, (the painting to be the 
property of the Society, on approval by Executive 
committee,) $25. Best specimen of paintings of 
Fruit, Dip. Best Daguerreotype of any domestic 
animal, Dip. 
STOVES. 
Cooking .—Best cooking stove for wood fire, Sil. 
Medal; 2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best cooking stove 
for coal, Sil. Medal; 2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best 
cooking range for families, Sil. Medal; 2d do, Small 
Sil. Medal. Best furnace or other apparatus for 
warming houses, economy of construction and con¬ 
sumption of fuel, and security to premises to be 
taken into consideration, Silver Medal. 
Parlor .— Best ornamental parlor stove, Sil. Med; 
2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best hall stove, Sil. Medal; 
2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best sample of hollow ware, 
S. Sil. Medal. 
SILVER WARE, CUTLERY AND BRITTAN- 
NIA WARE. 
Best exhibition of silver ware, Sil. Medal. Best 
exhibition of silver table cutlery, Sil. Medal. Best 
exhibition of table cutlery, American manufacture, 
Sil. Medal; 2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best exhibition 
pocket cutlery, American manufacture, Sil. Medal; 
2d do, S. Sil. Medal. Best specimen of silver ware 
with agricultural designs suitable for premiums, 
Sii. Medal; 2d do S. Sil. Medal. Best specimen 
of argentine and brittania ware, Sil. Medal; 2d do, 
S. Si!. Medal. 
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
Best iron gate for farm purposes, Diploma. Best 
ornamental cast iron vase on pedestal, Dip. Best 
water pipe, of water lime, or other durable material 
other than iron or lend, Dip. Best sample drain 
tile, Dip. Best dram tile or pipe draining machine. 
Dip. and $10. Best quarter acre osier willow and 
the specimens of product manufactured, $5. Best 
wire hurdle fence, Diploma. Best water ram or 
other hydraulic apparatus, Silver Medal. Best 
w ire fence for farm purposes, with full description, 
cost of construction, and evidence of its adaptation 
to practical, beneficial and economical uses. Silver 
Medal. 
DISCRETIONARY DEPARTMENT. 
For improvements in machinery useful to the 
farmer, and having valuable properties, and not in¬ 
cluded under any head of any of the regular premi¬ 
ums, discretionary premiums will be awarded. 
Under this general head, premiums will be award¬ 
ed upon articles of ingenuity, usefulness and merit, 
which may be exhibited, which are not prodviifed 
for in the foregoing list of premiums; and they will 
be classed as follows: 
No. 1. Agricultural implements, or machinery for 
agricultural purposes not hefore named. 
No. 2. Machinery of metal composition for gene¬ 
ral uses. 
No. 3. Articles constructed of wood. 
No. 4. Articles manufactured of leather, India 
rubber, guttn percha, Ac., nnd not before named. 
No. 5. Articles composed of cloth, fur, Ac., such 
as caps, hats, furs, umbrellas, Ac., not before 
named. 
(In these several Discretionary Divisions, Diplo¬ 
mas, Small Silver Medals, Norton’s Prize Essay, 
Transactions, Ac., will be awarded as the impor¬ 
tance of the articles may demand. The Diploma 
is in all cases evidence of superior merit.) 
LARGE CROP OF WHEAT. 
William Wallace, Esq., township of Ca¬ 
van, has informed us, that he imported from 
Rochester last year, 11 bushels and 40 lbs. 
of the Soule’s wheat, which he sowed on 7 
acres, and which yielded the large quantity 
of 327 bushels of superior wheat, and ave¬ 
raging over 49 bushels and 42 lbs. to each 
acre. This is truly gratifying, and must 
prove greatly encouraging to our agricul¬ 
tural friends to imitate the laudable exam¬ 
ple of Mr. Wallace, and strive with all their 
might to get similar results from their well 
cultivated fields. If Mr. Wallace has not 
already disposed of his wheat, we would 
recommend every practical farmer within 
25 or even 30 miles of his residence, to try 
and get a few bushels of his celebrated 
wheat for seed, and give it a fair trial, and 
we have no doubt they will be fully and 
amply rewarded by a rich and abundant 
harvest— Port Hope C. W. Watchman. 
Disinfecting Agent. —Rooms in which, 
from any cause, there arises an unpleasant 
odor, may be freed of the obnoxious effluvia, 
by placing a few kernels of coffee on a hot 
shovel, and allowing the aroma, or smoke, 
to be freely disseminated. It will dispel, 
effectually, the most powerful odor arising 
form putrid animal or vegetable matter. 
It has been much used and with excellent 
success, in localities infected by cholera. 
fXoxticnltnxal. 
TRANSPLANTING TREES. 
In taking up trees for transplanting, re¬ 
gard should always be had to their size, 
and a due proportion should be preserved 
between the size of the tree and the amount 
of root attached. A deficiency of root may 
be partially, but not wholly compensated 
by a diminution or entire removal of the top; 
but there should always be root enough to 
supply nourishment to the body, (which, if 
large, requires; the more to sustain it,) and 
top enough to digest it A deficiency of 
top, however, is less fatal, especially in the 
early part of the season, than a deficiency 
of root; for if there be enough of the lat¬ 
ter, the tree will readily make enough of 
the former as fast as it shall be needed; but 
if there be a deficiency of root, although the 
tree may live and even grow for a time on 
account of its innate, vital energies, yet it 
will very probably die before the cl*se of 
the season. 
It is for this reason that many trees that 
“ start well ” are often found to die in the 
latter part of summer, notwithstanding all 
other circumstances seem to favor their 
preservation. It is a mistake to suppose 
that if a tree onee begins to grow all risk is 
at an end. The first season will not always 
decide; for if that shall be peculiarly favor¬ 
able, a small root may sustain a tree through 
it; but the consequence of a small root may 
be a corresponding small top, and of both, 
a dead strip running the whole length of 
the tree occupying, perhaps, one third, or 
one half of its whole circumference. Some 
trees have a much greater tenacity of life 
than others, and hence may grow with a 
much smaller root, or even with none at all. 
But with these exceptions there should al¬ 
ways be a direct proportion between the 
size of a tree and its root, and an inverse 
proportion between the root and the tenaci¬ 
ty of life: i. e., the less the tenacity of life 
the greater should be the root h. 
Down East, Feb. 17,1801. 
FRUIT CULTURE, 
It is now a conceded point, that a good or¬ 
chard yields a greater percentage of profit 
in proportion to the outlay, than any other 
mode of occupying the soil. While fruit 
has been cut off by late frosts and blight, 
both east and west, to a considerable extent, 
for several years past, the orchards in this 
part of the state, have without exception 
(save in 1849, and then fruit was more 
abundant here than any where else,) pro¬ 
duced an abundant crop. Last autuam, I 
am informed, some farmers in our county 
sold from 1500 to 2,000 barrels of fruit at 
six shillings per barrel, thus realizing with 
comparatively a small expenditure, as much 
cash, for the produce of eight or ten acres 
of orcharding, as they could from seventy 
or eighty acres of wheat, without taking into 
consideration the great outlay iu its produc¬ 
tion. This being a fact, every intelligent 
farmer will see the importance of attending 
to this matter, at the earliest possible time. 
We have some valuable nurseries in this 
and the adjoining counties, but all of them 
can not supply the ordinary demand for 
trees for exportation; and if no trees were 
exported, they could scarcely supply five 
per cent of what ought to be set in our own 
section of the state. What then should be 
done ? Evidently every farmer ought to 
set about supplying himself. 
Every tree that does not already produce 
fruit of a decidedly good quality, should be 
grafted. Every spontaneous tree about the 
farm (and many such there are about most 
farms) should have its place, rank and file 
by the old orchard, and there by grafting, 
and careful protection be made to produce 
its quota of the choicest fruit 
The time will come (and many of our best 
informed and shrewdest farmers say it,) 
when our lands, even in Western New 
York, will cease to produce a remunerating 
crop of wheat; when other sources of wealth 
must be sought. Many have already sold 
and gone to the more productive West 
This need not be. Ours is one of nature’s 
most favored spots. All that is necessary, 
is to provide for the change before it come. 
It is not wisdom to neglect such advantages 
as are here; comfortable homes, moral and 
intelligent neighborhoods, ample facilities 
for the education of our children, a health¬ 
ful and bracing climate, and to plunge again 
into the wilderness to undergo the hard¬ 
ships of a pioneer settlement Our facili¬ 
ties for sending produce, both east and west, 
will soon be vastly increased, and what are 
we doing to secure a share of their advan¬ 
tages to ourselves—to make them a matter 
of personal emolument? Some few are 
prepared to reap the advantages, by having 
given to the subject of improving their 
orchards considerable attention .—Niagara 
Democrat. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FKOW THE UOTTKD STATES PATENT OFFICE, 
For the week ending February 19, 1851. 
I o E. II. Ashcroft, of Boston, Mass., for insu¬ 
lated fusible plug for steam boilers. 
To Thomas Champion, of Philadelphia, Pa,, 
for improved annular steam boiler. 
I o II. Carretson, of Clay, Iowa, for improve¬ 
ments in hand looms. 
3 o P. S. Boars, of Hamden, Conn., for im¬ 
provements in machines for turning irregular 
forms. 
1 o John A. I ry, of Edinburg, Va., lor improve¬ 
ment in tools for tongueing, jointing, and reba- 
ting. 
To C. T. Judkins, of Lowell, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in weavers’ heddles. Dated Feb. 18, 
1851; ante-dated Dec. 10, 1849. 
To Wm. Post, of Flashing, N. Y., for improv¬ 
ed attachment for opening and closing doom or 
shutters. 
To Philip Rhodes, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for im¬ 
proved snatch-block. 
lo L. H. Soulhworth, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in planing machines. 
To Isaac Btraub, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for im¬ 
provement in saw mills. 
Po J. T. Willoughby, of Scotland, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in apparatus for raising and carrying 
water. 
To E. J. Delany, (assignor to H. J. Adamson,) 
oi Philadelphia, Pa., for design for umbrella stands. 
RAZOR STROPS. 
Philosophy of production and eradication—Ja - 
cob's Ladder—two rods of beard"■—sin of bad. 
Razors—a Recipe. 
Mk. Moore: —It is said that he who 
makes two blades of grass grow where but 
one grew before, confers a greater benefit 
on society, than all the speculative theorists 
from the false prophets of old, up to father 
Miller; and I don’t see why he that causes 
the cutting down of a bad and troublesome 
growth ot human weeds, in a comfortable 
and expeditious manner, is not also entitled 
to the meed of praise, and to he elevated 
another round on the Jacob’s Ladder of 
commendation. I am getting on the shady 
side of three score, and find on calculation 
that I have cut from my face more than two 
rods of beard, and sometimes with a most 
villainous dull razor, which I fear has caused 
me to add some anathemas to the vocabu¬ 
lary of curses, on cutting edges. 
Not having any thing else to bequeath 
to posterity, that they will sensibly feel, do 
me the favor to publish the following recipe, 
for renewing or constructing the sharpening 
properties of a razor strop. 
Buy two pennies worth of pummice stone, 
from the druggist, or paint dealer, in two 
pieces with flat surfaces, rub these above 
the strop, letting the dust fall on its surface. 
When sufficiently covered, invert it to al¬ 
low any coarse particles to fall oft’; smooth 
and rub it down with the blade of a knife, 
and it is ready for the razor. If the strop 
is dry and stiff, moisten it, and add a little 
oil or soft grease before dusting it If it 
makes too harsh an edge at first, reverse 
the manner of stroping from heel to point, 
to from point to heel, and if proper manage¬ 
ment and skill is used, it will cut three days 
under the skin and an inch before the edge. 
Razor Strop Man 
CANAL STEAMBOATING. 
The Buffalo Commercial states that Mr. 
H. Perkins, of that city, has invented a 
machine for the propulsion of boats on the 
canal by steam, and has filed his caveat 
preparatory to taking out a patent. The 
Commercial’s description of the plan is that 
the apparatus consists “in the paddles get¬ 
ting their adhesion aft of the boat—com¬ 
mencing to travel three feet from the stern, 
making a fine stroke.” This is done by 
having two cases ten inches square by eight 
feet long, sliding out of two stationary cases 
from under the stern deck two feet apart 
and within four inches of the surface of the 
water, when the boat Is loaded. Each of 
these cases contains a tongue on six wheels, 
traveling inside, on a rail track. In the fur¬ 
ther end of the tongue is a paddle two feet 
by fifteen inches deep, with a joint three 
inches above the surface of the water, caus¬ 
ing it to pass on the surface in its travel 
towards the boat The whole is under the 
control of the helmsman, and the cases can 
be drawn out of or into the boat at any- 
moment by his putting his hand to a lever. 
The apparatus occupies the room under 
the stern deck, projecting six feet Into the 
cabin, and in no way lessens the bearings 
or capacity for storage. 
Mr. P. is now adapting his machine to a 
boat The whole weight of the propelling 
aparatus, it is said, will not exceed 3900 
; pounds, and he estimates that the whole 
cost of trip round to New York will not 
cost over $40. He calculates on a speed 
of three miles an hour— which Ls considera¬ 
bly above the average attained by towtag. 
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