MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
MORGAN HORSES. Morgan Chief I have not seen. Sire 
Mr. Moore :— Ywish”to correct an error Giftbrd Morgan, dam by Green Mountain 
which occurred in your editorial notice of Mor S an ’ ( a 60n of Glffor<k ) consequently he 
“Gen. Gifford,” and also to caution the kss purity of blood than Morgan Hun- 
community against false impressions from te i r ', The last tw0 hors « s n »“«d, are own- 
the same article. I do not accuse you or c ' d b >' AcK1Y * Gmbbt - East Hamilton, 
your informants with intentional mis-state- ' 1 ' ,,n Go ' 
ments, but of laboring under a mistake; Glffor<1 Mor S an Jr - 0ffn « d b J E - Mabbs > 
and preliminary to showing this, I propose Eal ™ ount ’ Onondaga Co., was bred by F. 
to give a brief history of the stock of horses ' IKB ’ Est l’ Walpole, IN. II. Sired by 
called Morgan. 0lfford Mor S an ’ “ d May 29, 1846. 
The horse from which the Morgan stock C “ lor dark chestnut. I append the bill of 
has sprang, was sired by True Britton, (and a e and cbl tificates of Mr. Wier. 
he by imported horse Traveler,) and foaled e. Marks to F. a. Wier j^ ctol>or ’ 10, 
in 1793, at West Springfield, Mass. His To 1 sorrel stud colt, called Gifford Morgan Jr., 
dam was sired by Diamond, and he by 
Wild Air, a son of the imported mare Wild 
foaled on 29th May last. $_ 
Received payment. F. A. Wier. 
Gifford Morgan Jr., was sired by Gifford Morgan, 
Air. This horse, known as Justin Morgan, now owned by me, dam Dolley, which I have this 
was taken to Vermont when two years old, so ^ to ^ of Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
and of his colts, four were saved for stock- Walpole, N. H., Oct. 10, 1846. * A ' ' VlER ‘ 
horses. These were called Revenge, Sher- Pedigree of Dolley.— -Sire Sherman Morgan, 
man, Woodbury, and Bulrush or Chelsea, g ran < lsl ™ Justin Morgan; dam of Dolley was sired 
/o n n* 4 , c i oa c* r+n i o \ } y old Justin Morgan. For a more full account of 
(See Cultivator of 1846, page 19.) the ped Igre e, I refer to the Cultivator for January, 
Revenge was foaled in Claremont, N. H., 1846. F. A. Wier 
and was kept there most of his life. His Walpole, N. H., Oct., 10,1846. 
dam of no particular blood. Those certificates of Mr. Wier (and 
Sherman was raised by James Sherman where hc 18 kBOT ™ will dispute their 
of Lyndon, Vt„ from n chestnut colored correctness) show Dolly possessed of eight 
mare of English blood. Ho was mostly and Glfford Mor S a " of 8 even- 
kept in the eastern part of N. H. arteenths of Morgan blood, consequently 
Bulrush was raised by a Mr. Gifford of Glfford Mor S an Jr l has fif,een P arts in ‘ bil ” 
Tunbridge, Vt., from a thick, heavy, dark ‘y 4 "' 0 " and lack8 ,mt on “ sixteenth part as 
bay mare. His colts were remarkably good ” U ° h “ or S an blood 113 can be fo ™ d “ “7 
road horses, possessed great powers of endu 10r8e ’ (more tian any other siring horse 
ranee, and several were saved for stock horses. 
known to me,) and combines a cross between 
THE GAME FOWL. 
It is not within the range of the pres¬ 
ent little treatise to hunt up the distinc¬ 
tions of the sporting fancy, particularly 
cock-fighting, which, it is hoped, will soon 
become obsolete; yet an allusion to those 
distinctions might excite the curiosity of 
the naturalist. It is the temperament 
which gives the bird its value in the eye 
of the sportsman; its physical qualities 
deserve the notice of the ornithologist, i 
But even now, many of the handsomest £ 
game cocks to be seen, are already trim- j| 
med, (in the comb at least,) in case they g| 
should be wanted in a hurry for a private H 
spar. 
The game cock approaches nearer to 
the Malay and pheasant-Malay than to 
any other variety of fowl. As I have 
made the Spanish fowl, on account of his j 
well-developed single comb, the type of 
the genus, so, in any circular arrangement % 
of the genus itself, I should make the 
game fowl the centre from which the rest, 
in one way or another, diverge. There are 
the white-legged, the yellow-legged, and 
the leaden or black-legged game fowl, all 
of which vary in the color of their plumage. 
No other breed runs off into so many varie¬ 
ties, which still are all “true game fowls.” 
The catalogue of sorts is a long one; and 
many of them have been preserved in vari¬ 
ous noble and gentle families, in Europe, 
distinct. At present, the Earl of Derby 
possesses a breed which has been in pos¬ 
session of that noble family for many gener¬ 
ations, and which is sedulously preserved 
from base alloy. It is a black-breasted red, 
with a purple band across the wing, and 
though superior in size to the Bankiva jun- 
wsam 
,, , c , , . m V • J the Sherman and Woodbury Morgans. As 
Woodbury also was foaled in iunbndge, , , _ . , J b 
, . c , . y.r I am the owner, I forbear to say more of 
from a bay mare of good traveling qualities. . J 
He was noted for nerve, action and courage, 
which made him a parade favorite horse.— 
him individually. 
The true Morgan horse has not the size 
His stock generally bay or chestnut, and he whlch , 18 most usefuI for hauIin S hea ''F loads 
was kept most of his life in Vermont.- at a slow S alt , If the aot,on - vi g or - e " d “- 
(Cult 1846, page 100.) ranCe ’ and s P eed ’ can be retained ’ 4 i8 d88b 
I have briefly shown the origin of Justin raWe ‘° inCreaSe the size ’ and t0 do this 
w, , r n i - i properly is it not well to select a sire of 
Morgan and of his four colts which were , J . ... 
, ,i known purity of blood ? Their present size 
kept for stock horses, and as there was no ...... , 1 
•Air . i i c M combined with the speed and endurance 
Morgan mare to breed from, all the Morgan .... , „ \ 
. , j , . a , which they rarely fail to possess, renders 
blood we have got, or can have in any horse , '. ■ 1 ’ 
i , lf on n-cr a u them peculiarly adapted for road, or carriage 
is only half, consequently Den. Difiord could . r ^ 1 ° 
not have been bred by a “ pure Morgan : 
horses, and they possess a certain sameness 
in character, and appearance, by which they 
I now come to the descendants from Re- arc Ccls ’ty matched, and where they are best 
venge, Sherman, Woodbury, and Bulrush; known ’ the T are raost hi g hl y prized, fre- 
and of these Gifford Morgan will claim a ff uc Fly selling at prices varying from $300 
prominent place, for he was the sire of t0 eack ’ and f° r sorae of the choicest 
many stock horses now owned in this state, specimens much higher prices are sometimes 
Gifford Morgan was sired by Woodbury. P 3 ^- 
The sire of his dam, and also of his great- ^ kave endeavored to state facts correct- 
grand dam, was Justin Morgan, thus giving and no * ; detract from the merits of 
him seven-sixteenths of Morgan blood.— either horse named. I hey are all worthy 
This horse died at Walpole, N. ID, in Oct. of patronage, and no incorrect representa- 
last, and as he has three times been exhib- tions should be made editorially or otlier- 
ited at our annual fairs, no minute descrip- w i sc > t° g^e one preference over all others; 
tion of him is necessary. He was emphat- an< ^ ^ ska ^ °t° se this article with an extract 
ically a large horse in small compass. Col- f rom a letter from F . A. Wier, in the F’eb. 
or chestnut,— courage, spirit, and action, number of the Cultivator, 
unsurpassed, and he stamped these quali- “ ^ ^nd it necessary again to remind gen- 
ties on his colts in a remakable degree, and tlemen who are desirous of providing tliem- 
many of them have been celebrated for se ^ ves w ^th true Morgan stock, for the pur- 
fast traveling. Perhaps no horse in this P ose breeding, of the need of using the 
country ever sired so many valuable colts g rea f es f circumspection to secure them- 
as did “ old Gifford Morgan.” 
selves against the designs of those unscru- 
And now Mr. Editor I propose to give a P u ^ ous persons who are aiming to palm off 
brief, and I trust impartial and truthful, their horses as genuine, under color of fic- 
sketch of the descendants of old Gifford titious pedigrees.” E. Marks. 
Morgan, which are known to me and kept __!_ 
for stock horses in this state. MERRYMAN’S BUTTER PREPARING AND 
MERRYMAN’S BUTTER PREPARING AND 
Gen. Gifford was bought at the state fair PACKING MACHINE. 
at Auburn ’ 0f ° ALYra Esq., of j K spealing of th ~. hine> the gt Louis 
Chelsea, Vermont, by Brown, Mason, Republican gives the following particulars: 
Munro and Marks, of Onondaga county. We have never seen a process for pre- 
He was said to be the son of Gifford Mor- paring butter for packing so speedy and 
gan, pedigree of the dam unknown. At cer hhn as that °t Dr. Merryman, noticed 
.1 , c c ,, r t-, , a few days since in this paper. The ma- 
the request of one of the purchasers, F. A. ,• J 4 n , . . 
_ TT a . ,, 7 . . A tt . . chine consists simply of two rollers in 1 m- 
Wier, Esq., of Walpole, N. H., at that time mediate contact with each other, and opera- 
the owner of Gifford Morgan, and celebra- ted by a crank and spur-wheels. They are 
ted for his investigations of the history of placed in a vat or trough, and partially 
Morgan horses, undertook to ascertain su bmerged in water. The butter passing 
Ike pedigree of the dam of Gen. Gifford. «o narrow a space, every panicle 
TT f., , , , . , , , is brought m immediate contact with the 
He did so, and found that she had no Mor- wa t er which washes away the butter-milk 
blood, consequently the General is posses- as fast as it is expressed from the butter, 
sed of but seven parts in thirty-two of Mor- After this it is only necessary to salt and 
gan blood. He is a horse of fine form, spir- P ac ^ ^ away in close vessels, and it will be 
it, and action, and his stock is in good re- F^rved sweet and pure for any necessary 
* wi i t ^ >, ,• length of time. The machine is simple 
pute When kept in Onondaga, Co., his nnd b cheap and saves labor _ Imd docs £ ol 
weight was about ten hundred, varying as occupy a space larger than four feet by two. 
in condition. WTth one properly constructed, a single 
Major Gifford now kept by Eli Sheldon, hand can work 12 pounds per minute, or 
Esq., of Penn Yann, Yates Co., is a strong- ^ von , han ^e d a « d twenty pounds an hour. 
i_* r t , a ■ . . . . We think it ought to be in the hands of 
ly made liorse perhaps deficient in spirit every batter maker, and are satisfied that 
and action, at least has not so much as the n o woman who has to labor over butter for 
Genera], and on the authority of Mr. Wier, hours, seeing that she could produce better 
his pedigree is the same. results with comparatively no. labor, would 
Morgan Hunter is a good sample of a w ^^ out one - ^ or renovation of 
Morgan horse, himself and dam both sired w “ u,d P' 0 ™ “valuable in the 
i /Y-rr i ir . . , . , hands of butter merchants. Butter of an 
by Glfford Morgan, gmng him about oue inferior quality, may, in a fow minutes, be 
part in three, Morgan. made into good table butter. 
RESPONSIBILITIES OF FARMERS. 
It may seem to some to be a novel and 
perhaps an erroneous assumption, to say 
that American Farmers have any responsi¬ 
bilities resting upon them other than that 
of providing for their physical wants, yet 
it is nevertheless true, that there is no class 
of people living who occupy a more res¬ 
ponsible position than they. Composing 
two thirds of the population of the com¬ 
monwealth, and forming the ground-work 
upon which our mighty Republic is reared, 
and upon which depends the stability and 
continuance of our free institutions, it is 
evident that they fill no irresponsible sta¬ 
tion among the denizens of the world. 
Could we cast aside the the veil of years, 
and behold the myriad millions, who shall 
inhabit the hills and valleys of our land 
ere three centuries shall have elapsed,— 
could we hear the busy hum of industry 
which shall enliven the scenes now barren 
and silent; aye, could we behold the vast 
and mighty nation who will possess and till 
the soil, when we are dust again, and are 
mingled with our mother earth,—could we 
realize the boundless influence which we 
now exert upon their future happiness and 
welfare, we should feel as we ought, the 
vast responsibility which rests upon us in 
preparing and moulding their destiny. 
Upon us also devolves the demonstration 
of the practicability of self government.— 
The eyes of the world are upon us. * Des¬ 
pots of every grade predict and desire our | 
ruin, but the hearts and sympathies of the 
people are with us, and our success and 
prosperity which has thus far been unex¬ 
ampled, has awakened in. hearts sunk be¬ 
neath oppression and wrong, a knowledge 
of the power of free institutions. For this 
influence we are indebted to the diffusion 
of knowledge among us, which though im¬ 
perfect and partial, is far more general than 
in any other nation on the globe. 
If we wish to escape the fate of our 
predecessors of the republics of Greece 
and Rome, we must avoid their errors, we 
must educate the masses. This they neg¬ 
lected, and consequently exist but in the 
annals of history. 
It is of vital importance to us that knowl¬ 
edge should be universally diffused, and it 
s a momentous duty which we owe both 
to ourselves and to future generations, to 
cultivate the mind as well as the soil—spread¬ 
ing universal education among the future 
sovereigns of this great Repuplic. Of 
these, there is no class who need intel¬ 
ligence and the ability to do their own 
thinking, more than Farmers, to the end 
that they may not be blown around by the 
winds of political agitation, and be made 
the dupes of ambitious aspirants, whose 
only qualification is an utter want of honor¬ 
able principle and lack of capacity to fill 
the stations to which they aspire. 
But great as is our need of education, 
and intellectual improvement, the sad truth 
forces itself upon our cognizance that no 
other class are so far behind the age as we. 
gle fowl, it closely resembles that bird in 
plumage and in elegance of contour. 
The game cock is by no means the ag¬ 
gressive, sanguinary tyrant that he is com¬ 
monly represented to be. He will submit 
to no insult nor intrusion within his own do¬ 
main; but neither does he offer any un¬ 
provoked assault. If his antagonist flee, he 
is satisfied, and does not pursue him in or¬ 
der to perpetrate any bloody revenge. 
Other poultry that are killed by game cocks 
generally draw down the punishment upon 
themselves, by their own impudent and 
coutinued aggression. The bird, too, is as 
.enduring of pain, as he is bold in combat. 
— Browne’s Amer. Poultry- Yard. 
While science brings her mighty aid to al¬ 
most every other class of artizans, we, scorn¬ 
ing her assistance, plod on in the “ good 
old way,”—plant and sow as did our fathers 
before us—-waste the materials of bread in 
the soil—borrow from it and never dream 
of repaing, until it will lend us no more, 
and then away to the miasmatic west to re¬ 
peat the process. By thus destroying the 
fertility of the soil, we not only injure our¬ 
selves, hut also entail a deep curse upon 
posterity; the forests and prairies of the 
west will soon be filled up, and future gen¬ 
erations will be obliged to renovate the 
lands which we have worn out, and robbed 
of their most valuable constituents. This 
renovation will cost millions of dollars, all 
of which might be saved if we but knew 
our duty, and possessed sufficient intelli¬ 
gence to do it. 
It is both a duty which we owe to our¬ 
selves, and a necessary qualification to ena¬ 
ble us to perform those which we owe to 
others, that we should cultivate our intellec¬ 
tual faculties and bring science to aid us in 
our avocations, which require, and will well 
reward deep thought, extended knowledge, 
and as careful investigations, as any other, 
however learned it may be. 
In this utilitarian age a very limited view 
is taken of the sphere of man’s enjoyments 
and happiness—the mind is enslaved to the 
body, and while it labors to feed and clothe 
the physical organization, itself is starved 
and habited in rags. 
The mere pleasures of sense which we 
enjoy are worthless compared to those 
which are derived from intellectual culture 
and refinement; and, in the thirst for gain 
we come far short of the end for which 
we were created. The means for the dis¬ 
semination of knowledge are abundant.— 
That mighty engine of power, the printing 
press is atouroommand; by making a proper 
use of the facilities which it affords us—by 
aiding and sustaining those who are already 
laboring for us, —by devoting more time to 
the cultivation and improvement of our in¬ 
tellects, in which alone consists our superi¬ 
ority to the mere brute,—by these means 
we shall be enabled to act honorably and 
successfully our parts in the drama of life 
—to perform all the duties which devolve 
upon us, and witlial reap a measure of hap¬ 
piness therefrom, to which if we otherwise 
act, we shall be entire strangers, j. g. k. 
West Dryden, Tomp. Co., N. Y., 1831. 
Why Coffee is so Seldom Well Made. 
— 1 st. The berries are frequently too 
much and too rapidly roasted, their color 
being that of cinnamon; 2 nd. The coffee 
is ground too fine: 3rd. Not enough coffee 
is used; 4th. It is usually overboiled, by 
which means the bitter principle is extract¬ 
ed from the berries, and little or no pains 
are taken to clarify it. In teas, as well as 
coffee, the markets in Canada and the 
States are always overloaded with inferior, 
and frequently worthless kinds; from whieh 
it is impossible to prepare a wholesome 
and delicious beverage. Pure water is in¬ 
finitely preferable.— Canadian Ay. 
• 
Stock need looking to at this season. 
RAISING OF TOBACCO. 
It is long since I have had much to do 
with the weed. As some propose to culti¬ 
vate the plant, and ask for knowledge on 
its culture, I offer the following experience 
to your readers, provided nothing preferable 
comes to hand. 
The seed should be sown on a loamy soil 
finely pulverized, as early as possibly in the 
spring, and not have the young plants cut 
off by the frost. Though rather strong in 
odor, the leaves are tender and delicate and 
very sensitive to cold. 
When the young leaves have become 
about an inch or a little more in length, the 
plants should be transplanted into well mel¬ 
lowed and rich loam, and placed about three 
feet to three and a half feet apart. If the 
soil is very rich, the leaves will extend two 
feet or more, and the distance of four feet 
would not be too great. The plants should 
be carefully taken up, and equally carefully 
placed in the hills, and then be protected 
for a few days from the hot sun. In a 
drought they should be watered with care 
The water should not be dashed by the 
quart on such tender plants. The hoeing 
should be repeated so that not a weed may 
grow on the ground, and the earth moder¬ 
ately raised about the roots, special care 
being taken that the roots be not broken or 
strained. Tobacco will not flourish under 
the rough tillage sometimes received by 
Indian corn. 
When the plants shoot up to blossom and 
send out their rudiments of flowers, the 
stem is to be cut off at the bottom of the 
flowering part, that the leaves may receive 
the whole nutriment and become larger and 
more valuable. 
For seed, a few fine large plants are not 
thus to be cropped. 
As shoots come out at the base of the 
leaves, they should be carefully removed 
from the cropped plants. The plants also 
are to be carefully watched, and the toba. - 
co worm be destroyed, if it appears. 
As the roots are large and descend far 
into the earth, the ground should be spaded 
deep. 
When in autumn, before frosts, when the 
leaves begin to be brittle, the plants are to 
be cut up at the root, and slightly wilted 
on the earth. They are then to be removed 
under cover and bung up with their tops 
downwards, that the leaves may become 
straight, so that they may be taken off and 
packed straight 
The seeds are very small, and are often 
mixed with fine ashes when sown, and care¬ 
fully covered, but not deep. 
As tobacco exhausts the soil greatly, I 
have never known it too rich. 
CuLTURIST. 
MANURE YOUR GARDEN. 
Manure may be carted or wheeled into 
the garden at this season of the year, when 
there is not much out door work to attend 
to. This will advance preparation for gar¬ 
dening in the spring, when time and labor 
are more valuable. Manure cannot be ap¬ 
plied to better advantage any where, than 
in the garden—therefore it should always 
have a liberal allowance. This, however, 
may be over-done by a continuation of the 
same kind of manure, in large quantities, 
year after year. If a garden has thus bein 
surfeited with barnyard manure, which is 
frequently the case, some other fertilizer 
should be applied. Lime, applied once in 
three years will be very beneficial and if 
the soil has become too stiff, a liberal coat¬ 
ing of road sand may be used to great ad¬ 
vantage. If any one doubt the propriety 
of applying road sand to resuscitate old 
gardens that have been surfeited with barn¬ 
yard manure until it ceases to have any ap¬ 
parent effect, let h m try on a part of his 
garden. Cover the soil two inches deep 
with the sand, give it a thorough mixtuie 
with the spade and it will act like a charm. 
Big your garden deep. If the subsoil 
is not suitable to bring to the top, which is 
often the case, trench it, by keeping an open 
space on the top, while you dig and pulver¬ 
ize the subsoil. This operation should be 
carried to the depth of two feet at least 
Many roots will penetrate beyond that depth 
if the soil is properly* prepared. The great¬ 
est advantage follows deep digging in dry 
seasons, and trencli draining is necessary 
to success, in wet locations. 
The most important points in preparing 
ground for successful gardening, are, — 
manure well and dig deep. 
Candi.es. — Tn Russia, the candles used 
in the mines are made of tallow mixed with 
charcoal dust, (or povs dered charcoal) whi h 
is found to increase tl e intensity of the 
light Let some of our chandlers try this 
mixture. 
