MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
in so good a cause, llcsajs, we are mould-board wings over so much; that the TOO! SHOP FOR FARMERS 
confident that the means have already heel of the land“side sole is lifted an inch _ , - 
cen mien e , w ere y a ncs o ax or two from its proper level position in the Every farmer ought to possess a variety 
or hemp equa if not superior m every _ furrow-channel, and that the plow inclines » f « are needed in repairing 
durable quality, may be produced at 3 - 1L.- very much torun on tho point of theshare. h ™"g'“pl™ei.ts~fences,gatesandpens; 
prices as ow, as ose o in c cap 1 .'l atp Many of our American plows are too wide a ? d f° r doing such work generally as will 
^ bnCS 0f C T .V on the bottom for narroi furrows, too low al ™f be ™quired on the premises, and 
. Wlth , tbe e 0, 5“ en “ , of ., lr . Ue «>*»• \ffef '‘ ‘fy to «he mould-board for deep furrows, (or "7 Person may acquire the habit 
s asm he contends that it is a “de- \h. fS SM J furrows seven inches deep,)too short for of doing, although he has no mechanical 
plorable blunder a flagrant absurdity, surface uhe -^^IBlIpIlihi_ IlJEL 6 turning any furrows perfectly, and too un- ,ra ?°- How often does a nail give way, 
that cotton should now be twice as 1KT~ ^KT ^ steady in their movements generally. and hence a board becomes loose. If he 
dear as flax, while fabrics of flax are BASE DME _ rf/AVl"'' ^ - b - . ba3 nails and a hammer at hand, a few 
twice as dear as those manufactured QSjHTPmtH^ - ST. JOHN’S WORT.-STAGGEES IN SHEEP. minu tes will be sufficient to make it secure• 
from cotton. It is not rational or nat- r-rr- ^_ 5^*^? * ... Ok - whereas, if permitted to remain I 
ural that the industry and business of lllPlIlltf^ Mr. Moore :-Isee in the Maine Farmer, may fall and be broken, so that a new one 
the civilized world, should have its \| ^ of March 13th, a notice of the “ staggers in win be required to supply its place, 
prosperity suspended by the occur- 1 sheepand a cure s ed to be "Lied , H( \ w often wil1 the fastenings on the gate 
rence of an unseasonable frost on the M , . »uppu&eu uu cncoiea door demand a slight ^ 6 . 
lower Mississippi. This dependence of / Fi J 2 ' by pouring cold water upon the head. Al- destruction from the wind m 
labor, skill, and thrift, on the abun- /though largely conversant with sheep, and keep the stock from going where they ought 
dance of the cotton crop, is an incident having suffered from the various diseases to not How often does a rake tooth or an 
in the world s progress, which ourchil- which they are liable,I am not sure,never- axe handle get broken; a hoe handle be- 
dren are to outgrow, and their descendants Ruggles, Nourse, Mason <$• Co.'s Furrow Plow, No. 72.— Furrows 7 by 12 inches. theless, that I know what is distinctively and cor |! G hx^e in-its socket; a floor plank in the 
wonder at. _ life-time, it may yet be a very profitable der the beam in that region entire; the appropriately termed, the “staggers.” The aifd materiaf 8 f ^ be bas to .°^ s 
Washington’s monument. work. But the soil of by far a majority of i quadrant or clevis attached at the end of seat of the disease, the writer suggests, is he mav do it himJfifin vf repairs, 
The largest contribution for the construe- f ; rmS Je ee P en ^ d aR or so the beam, through the bolt of which the in the brain. But as to the cause, no satis- occupied in going after a mechanJtn d° J 
. • f ... at a time, if accompanied by liberal manu- draft-rod passes, is adapted to g ve the plow <■„ , •• . , , k„ c ;£o i T g i , hanic to do l4 ’ 
tion of this monument from the wealthy rings and good cultivation. In other words any desired landing or earthing; the moffid- factoi 7 °P'^n seems.to have been, or per- beadasifhe does he does not have to pay 
farmers of Western New York, is from a suitable range for the roots of our crops board is long, the line of transit over it for hapS can be g lven ‘ From th e account, it is ail ° tner P er80n ^ doing it. 
Wheatland, Monroe County. Those who may be obtained in a few years. In no the furrow slice is easy, giving the slice a doubtless generally considered an incurable ° 0 , lc j se j In g s ’ he must have ham- 
have given nothing, doubtless console them- case ’ however, should the surface plow be long, easy, and equal curvature throughout disease. phisRolf o nr i iatC gimlets and augers, 
selves with the idea that the Country’s P Iun g ed mto a poor subsoil at hap-hazard. Fig. 2, shows the inclination of the land- I have had sheep affected with symptoms saws . d nils and screw-dnvers; 
fother lives in the hear* of his countrymen. began fo similar ,° those stated in the extract front plane or two, an aL™ “rawfog S? I 
Sterne has well said that be troubled to carry themlelves^ereTand \7Z beam over th^bodTof fltTS^ l **.":^^ She P ber ^ twenty other articles, 
“ Columns and labored orisons but vainly show do as good work as at six inches deep.— The share and lower parts of the mould- artlC 6 referred to above; and described as cost ot which is not much, not equal to 
The true C companion e and t the'frie’nd sincere, fg tlt incbe8 deep they did not do nice board are narrow, and the mould-board is ^ symptoms of “ staggers,”—such as turn- ![JV ^ , enablc a P er6on to save in a 
Need no mechanic help to force the tear.” work, and at nine inches deep they could high, to adapt the plow to deep, narrow work, inground—scarcely able to walk straight I3e8ide^ tl ’ . e uses them as he may do. 
If all the money subscribed for the mon- wor k at a P» until I added some con- The share is long with a raking cut, which —lameness in the hind legs—-and dimness, acts woukTnpvpt m such 
ument could be managed and applied with Z r °Z r ~ ^ t he ground. or partial loss of vision> AnJ as sheep of 
♦V/x - -it. r _ c jvuoui a year ago, i ., -si — iT.>- : _ui_ aj._a_j_ j- i . . _, . : I 
TOOL SHOP FOR FARMERS. 
SURFACE UNEr 
have to pay 
a r . , , „,. ’ own us J. was reauy to turn so< 
father lives in the hearts of his countrymen. rows sev en inches deep, my plows bej 
Sterne has well said that be troubled to carry themselves erec 
“ Columns and labored orisons but vainly show do as good work as at six inches de< 
An idle scene of desecrated woe; A + i .1 j-j , , 
The true companion and the friend sincere, * eight inches deep they did not do 
Need no mechanic help to force the tear.” work, and at nine inches deep they ( 
If all the money subscribed for the mon- n< ^ wor ^ ^ added some 
, ,i, j i t i • , tnvances of my own. 
ument could be managed and applied with ., J | 
the tact and economy that the farmers of c alled°^on Era iSgi ltg=wi 
Wheatland have managed their own farms, gles, Nourse, Mason <A =?%_ ■’ -■ S 
a monument might be erected that would Co., and upon stating the ijr^F -® 
astound the world. But how often it is difficulties I had experi- |-FF. _ . yg 
otherwise! Could Stephen Girard but e , ncwd w ’ dl , m y P^°ws, jm —L- 
.i xii ,. . they remarked that there 
see the waste and useless expenditure that wa / quite a growi de . vf 
has been made of the money devised by man d for plows for deep ifjjkf; I 
liim for the construction of his College, me- work; and they at once WkL - 
thinks he would shake in his grave. evinced a most commend- j|B|||pB 
--- able readiness to under- 
OF PLOWS AND PLOWING. take such a series of ex- ^9^%' 
“ periments, regardless of 
Under this heading the March number expense, as should ena-_ ' IQfjjf 
of the Albany Cultivator contains an excel- ble them to supply, in the A h y-yfiMk 
lent article from the pen of Hon. F. IIol- best manner, this demand 
brook, of Brattleboro, Yt. The subject is an a( |'' anc * n ? agricul- 
of the first importance, and as it is most tha( gaye satisfac ', ionj * 
ably discussed, we cannot perhaps do bet- for it could turn a furrow mwm- " 1 
ter than to copy Mr. H.’s communication afoot deep, and it did not 
entire. We give a portion of the essay be- c hoke under the beam.— 
low, and will conclude it in our next or the ^. ie “ a k' n g an d trial of 11 
succeeding number , ! u Sg ested furthe r improvem. 
o and thp.sp in turn IpH in /^fVinvo miaw 
or pan had been formed, through which • . * . . x 
the roots of the grasses and other crops did re( l^ lrin g least practicable width in pro- 
not penetrate. Not being able bv mvnwn P ortloa t() depth of furrow. 
<£Z7|= 
are miserable patients under medical treat- days when nothing else would be done, 
ment, they have in most of these cases, af- . 8U °b habits of attention to the farm- 
ter a short time, died. - When they have l!! g lm P Iements > and to the various fix- 
„ . „ , . tures on the premises, whenever a iob of 
survived, the disease has so affected the sys- wor k is to be undertaken, no delay is caused 
tem, that the fleece has partially, and some- by the want of instruments to effect it 
times wholly, fallen off And the natural This is the secret why some farmers get 
and free use of the limbs, in some cases a l° a g w jth their labor so much better than 
for a considerable time, has been greatly ^ 1( j lr n ^'gbbors. . They do not have to wait 
impeded, causing lameness and stiffness, «„„> gig £T^pelT^Tee*: 
and occasionally an exceedingly bad “ string wright, or blacksmith, after the laborers are 
halt” If a case of this kind occurred in personally ready to engage in it. 
the winter I could assign no cause. But -—>--- 
when eight or ten cases occurred early in DRAINING. 
/ jcuicuiiuouuui me peu ui j.j.uii. x 1 . null- - >: -—— wmmmw the spring, and half a dozen deaths in a ^ IIE e x P er ™^ nts thorough draining 
? brook, of Brattleboro, Yt. The subject is an advancin g agricul- IG - ' few days, I felt assured the symptoms indi- w^hrrn^-r^r / offic !f r 1 s 0 ^. tbe Society, 
> of the first importance, and as it is most that gave me satisfaction, * - ^1= S cated poison, and of course carefully sought one was a field of potatoes, in which the 
! ably discussed, we cannot perhaps do bet- for it could turn a furrow 11 " | for J he cause * _ quantity and quality of the crop was greatly 
! ter than to copy Mr. H.’s communication afoot deep, and it did not g||sHi|i§j The flock after having been foddered in better in the drained than in the undrained 
! entire. We give a portion of the essay be- choke under the beam.— *- tbe mornin g» were suffered to range at P oxt * ons - 
low, and will conclude it in our next or the £l ie and ^ r * a l 11< ” 4 ‘ \ - : pleasure during the day over large fields, a 1 ”1 4 lc .^ bcr ^ ase |here was laid at the 
succeeding numbcF_ ^ ^ WUS^^ Tf 7“ ™ T ^ ^ ““ to 
found that my ^ *» —7 ^ Now^” 
five LLs"deep. C By long uso 0 of r thc°pLw !• To make u plow to turn furrows ten | covered, half «n inch to an inch in height, a "<> P w f ordinary dry upland. The effect 
ts.Wirssiasis .».,»«■-„—.w™. ,K.-sa"rs':,tr5:: 
not nem trite Notheingah e hv P ortion to the de pt }l of furrow. P Fl S‘ 3 ’ ^presents pretty well the move- symptoms that could not better be detailed lty, but winch in every other respect was 
reflections to discover any good Jason whv 3> To make a P low to turn dee P> narrow °. f a furr , ow sllce J inches deep and than in the description of the “staggers,” equally well treated, was planted with cab- 
the roots of my crops should be confined furrows ' and to turn them on so easy a line . inc b es Wlde * o v er the mould-board of referred to above. When shut out from ba ges early in July. The result, unfortu- 
SrilSwXtrSd finding 1 that ° f tranSit “ t0 P rCVCnt breaks In tbe V ^ e S t flT fS ^ this range, no cases afterward occurred. °“ " 0t be with absolu te ao- 
xi * J J , row-slice. tne plow. I he easy transit and the equal „ \ . , , , curacy, but as establishing the economy 
the standard authorities in agriculture al- 4 To make a w (0 turn de flexure of the slice are noticeable. By Trom the similarity of symptoms, I should of the improvement it is sufficient to mJ 
row furrows on the P casiest practicable twist, means of the inclined land-side and coulter strongly incline to the beliet that the cause that the underdrained parts of the field! 
greater range of mature K F«uL fi P i/ and to %bten the draught of the plow th e shoe is cut off the land upon a bevel, of the disease in both cases was the same, yielded everywhere much the best, largest 
its regular order was accordingly broken w b en ever it could be done without detri- ^ lc 1 7 er / ^ ucb ^ acddates ^ ts dr °pping And that sheep should be poisoned in win- aad g reate8t number of marketable heads, 
regular oraer, was accordingly broken ment to the best work in snugly beside the previously turned slice. tor h „ T /. . A f The experimenter, a judicious and experi- 
up six inches deep. The additional soil 5 To mak e a ^ries of sizes of plows for U wiU be observed tbat the width cut tG by ^ ^ COuM be for enc e d practical farmer, estimates the vafoe 
remainth !n the W foflue^ea of tura ing flat furrows, seven, nine and twelve made b 7 the sha re is such as to leave a only on the supposition that the plant was of the additional yield upon the drained 
the atmosphere and of cood cuflivation— mchee deep, each plow proportionately com- a good hmge uncut, upon which the furrow among the hay. Being cut with the grass land as seventy dollars an acre; a sum 
When tlu P fields were retirlv f r H f bining the above specifications. holds its proper position at the bottom, while and cured with it in the heap and in the sufficient to refund the whole outlay upon 
rotation I found the roots of tho !r The experimental trials also led tn the tbe t0 ^ ^ descr ibing a quarter of a circle mow, it imbibes from sweating, enough of ^ bis g rand permanent improvement of this 
MexLdedjnstt C as 1 had pC! P.rodncflo^Tw"? ptws’t^e! “ tneToffflm of ‘" e <“7 *o todnefthem fo ea, ^ 
and that, to all appearance, the soil was of ^c soil 8 , laying lapped furrows at an angle lf tbe s n c / wer e cut entirely off by the {t 11 IS doubtIess an unpalatable plant, Experiment on Potatoes.-I n the 
uniform quality to the depth of six inches. “ ^ ■ a ^™sizes of pfows for turning share, it would be apt to push off at the bot- from the fact that sheep will neglect it, if spring of 1847 I planted potato seed in 
his state of things pleased me so well that * _ tom so far as to fail of being turned over the grass has started sufficient for grazing, drills, it grew, and I transplanted one plant, 
I determined to plow still deeper; and the Iig-1, represents a furrow side elevation to its proper position,—in other words, a It is a powerful narcotic, and to sheep a boed il often ’ and thc produce was about 
fields were accordingly broken up seven of the No. 72 or the smallest size of the new wider furrow would need to be taken to deadly poison It can easily be eradicIL halfa P int - In the spring of 1848 I plan- : 
inches deep. It is true, the appearance fiat-furrow plows, and 1’ig. 2, a horizontal turn well. yP . can ca8ll _y be eradicated, ted the produce of the one plant and in ' 
of the surface of the furrows was rather plan of the same. In considering the re- Fig. 4, shows that theoretically, a furrow ? 0tbeing ^quent in cultivated grounds, the fall I dug one bushel of beautiful pota- : 
suspicious and forbidding; but I had hopes marks I offer upon the No. 72 plow, it will cut straight from the land will shut in be- ^ obtains chiefly in old fields, and neglect- toes, the largest two weighing 19 and 20 ’ 
t lat the agents that had operated so kindly be borne in mind that plow No. 73, for fur- side the previously turned furrow. The ed spots around stumps, and in balks along ounces. I have planted seed from the ball < 
core would act favorably again. They rows nine inches deep, and plow No. 74, furrow slice, c, d, e, f, is cut straight down side of fences. ed four years in succession, and have produced \ 
did so; and the crops were satisfactorily in- for furrows twelve inches deep, each pos- at a, b, and rising on the corner e, as a---- ' some new and excellent kinds that I never ^ 
creased. At the time for the next rotation, sess the same general form and working pivot it describes a quarter circle, e, g, and “ GATES ™ BAES ’’ saw before. I have experimented on pota- 
) found he g rass roots had penetrated and properties of No. 72. They are each con- shuts in snugly beside the previous furrow, M w -7 AT n A „ toes more or less for twenty years past, in 
formedthemBelves into a net-work just as structed upon the principles of an ingenious g, h, i, k. Butin practice it is difficult to Messrs. Editors :-In No. 9 of the Ku- Warren county, Pa, and think that they do < 
low as I had plowed. I had now become scale, the lines of which, as applied to the make the furrows do so; they are very apt RAL ]s an artlcIe from a subscriber in which best of late years, when planted very early, < 
well satisfied that deep plowing was better mould-boards of the three nWs nro ro^ __ J . v_• c _.___i .. ^ -:i T f J < 
us regular oruer, was accoramgiy proken . , ------ 
up six inches deep. The additional soil 1 m ° at m° 11 ° 1 beSt W ° rk ' 
- - 1 5. io make a series 
thus brought to the surface was allowed to 
remain there, subject to the influences of • rnm g fi at furrows, seven, nine and twelve 
the atmosphere, and of good cultivation.— 7! c . ies oeep, each plow proportionately com- 
When the fields were ready for the next 
rotation, I found the roots of the grasses 
bining the above specifications. 
The experimental trials alsc 
, . ' . -^ me uiuiuiw as lung sna uuvei-cui irom me iana, tms practical diffi- horses cattle she™ No qro flllawwl mg w cxpenmeni upon m Samuel 
deepening the soil, until port,ons of iho raking, which gives the plowman a power- culty is avoided. Horses, cattle, stteep, are allowed to run B arton— PiU.ficld, Pa., 1850. \ 
fields bear a furrow nine Indies deep; and fill leverage, and an easy and accurate con- Fig. 6, represents the movement of the t0 « ether - ,f .B ates are used mst<!ad of bars ---- 
as many grass roots will now be seen at trol of the implement; the beam is high, furrow slice over an imperfect mould-board. I wl11 tel1 bim how it can be done, leaving Skill in Farming.— Skill adds more to < 
this depth as were formerly seen at the and arches well over the coulter, to permit It will be observed that the plow is too wide him to judge of the expediency of the plan, tbe profits of farming than hard work. In < 
depth ot six inches. The crops are good; loose grass or other loose matters to pass off, on the bottom to take a narrow furrow, Fences and gates are generally built so high th e article of butter for instance, the same 
for their roots can now strike deep, and ex- and the plow to swim clear; the coulter is and if the attempt is made to turn a 11 that cattle can nass under the ton ™1 1 ° Ut J ay 18 re quired, or nearly the same, to 
pand and luxuriate, and gather up nourish- consequently long, and is made wholly of inch furrow there is no hinge left for it to j . i Tf *i P n ' ’ make a hundred pounds of poor butter as 
ment’ in formerly forbidden boundaries. steel, to give it the requisite stiffness; the turn on. The mould-board is short and board ' 1 ien ’ a sraa S ate cannot be would be required to make a hundred 
EL-nces, pear as aeep a lurrow as others; the side of the beam gives the plow an un- row, and is completely buried. We find in i n „ 0 f ., e ., , ’ importance of scientific farming is realized 
then, again, where the surface soil is by na- steady movement; a wrench accompanies practice that such plows can only be kept ™ \ 1 prevent the escape of the horses, by those who have found such benefit as is 
ture very thin, and the subsoil is very poor, the plow, adapted to the adjustment of the erect in furrows seven inches deep by con- • , accommodatlon tbe sheep and noted above in nearly every department of 
the process of creating a fertile soil eight coulter, roller, clevis, <fcc.; the draft-rod is stant laborious exertion on the part of the P ! g s let 8raall g atc be constructed with their labor. 
inches in depth is a work of time, patience, short, connecting with tho beam forward of plowman; that they have a constant tenden- a moveable board m that caa be displa- -7-7 7 ' . 
and skill; and though it be the work of a the coulter, in orL to preerve the space nn- of p^e^foymS 
