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ROCHESTER, N. Y.-THURSDAY, MAY 15, 1851 
•i WHOLE NO. 72 
I weigh 60 to 62 lbs. to the bushel, (I speak 
from personal knowledge,) yielding a beau¬ 
tiful flour,—sweeter to the taste than win¬ 
ter wheat,—not so white, but rich and ex¬ 
cellent, exhibiting a slight golden tinge.— 
And the bread as an article of diet, is alto¬ 
gether more ^healthy and pleasant, than that 
made from superfine flour of winter wheat. 
It is doubtless known to all, that the finer 
the flour of winter wheat, the greater the 
tendency of the bread to produce constipa¬ 
tion of the bowels; thus inducing piles, and 
all the ailments resulting from costiveness. 
All these evils are remedied by the bread 
made from spring wheat. The effect is the 
same as that produced by Graham bread, 
while the spring wheat loaf is decidedly the 
pleasantest article of diet 
As to market value, it is generally about 
one shilling per bushel less than winter 
wheat. But this loss has always been more 
than made up, (in my own experience,) 
by the larger yield of the spring wheat.— 
The expense of culture also, is much less 
than of winter wheat, as one plowing late 
in full, or very early in spring is only neces¬ 
sary. Besides, it requires the use of land 
but a little more than half the length ot 
time needed for winter wheat. As to kinds, 
or qualities, there is no kind of spring wheat 
to be compared to the “ Italian.” This is 
a fair sized, plump and beautiful berry; 
yielding more flour, as the skin or bran is 
thinner, and of course, less in quantity, than 
that of other sorts; and the quality of the 
flour is superior to all others. I have culti¬ 
vated it extensively and never lost a crop 
but once. In this case, it was sown along 
side a crop of winter wheat, that was de¬ 
stroyed by the Hessian fly, and the spring 
wheat shared the same fate. Chess and 
cockle never annoy it. Bariev and oats be- 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Mechanic Arts and Sci 
ence, Education, Rural and Domestic Economy, 
General Intelligence, the Markets, &c., &c. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
J. H. BIX BY, L. WETHERELL, and H. C. WHITE. 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
ONE MODE OF RAISING CORN. 
This grain is one of the most important 
products of the United States, and the 
large crops which may be raised in most 
localities by proper culture, gives value to 
all information which may tend to increase 
the same. • As food for man and beast, it is 
at once cheap, healthy and pleasant, and its 
more general introduction in its various 
forms as an article of human food, will add 
much to the comfort and economy of the 
people. Indian Corn has but few enemies 
to contend with, compared with most 
other grains, and may be profitably raised 
in connection with wheat growing, the dairy 
business, or any other branch or department 
of Agriculture. 
We propose to give the mode by which 
one farmer in Niagara county, invariably 
succeeds in raising good crops of Indian 
corn, whatever his neighbors may do —who, 
though he may not plant as many acres as 
some, yet frequently gathers as many bush¬ 
els as those who go over two or three 
times the land in a slovenly, careless man- 
weed destroyed. Pumpkins are usually 
planted among the corn, and generally yield 
a large return. 
No suckering or topping is ever practiced. 
The corn is cut up by the roots, bound in 
small bundles, and stooked in the usual 
manner. When husked, the product is 
from 90 to 125 bushels of ears per acre, 
which affords a very fair profit for the in¬ 
vestment, and leaves the soil in good heart 
for any future crop. The variety preferred 
is the Yellow Dutton Corn, though the 
Red Blaze has been raised with good suceess 
With closer planting and more expensive 
manuring still larger crops may be raised 
—but this is given, not as a specimen of 
high farming, but as the practice of a plain 
man who believes in doing well what Mule 
he does perform—seeking neither to make 
a show nor take premiums, but content to 
live quietly yet independently upon the pro¬ 
ducts of the old homestead, upon which he 
has spent so many years of pleasant and 
honorable toil. 
CHEAP ORNAMENTAL COTTAGE 
CHEAP AND TASTEFUL COTTAGES. 
The above engraving, from one of Down¬ 
ing s designs, illustrates the mode of giving 
expression and tasteful effect to a cheap and 
simple cottage, by means of a projecting 
roof and window-copings, and the judicious 
disposition of a few ornamental trees.— 
The cost of the building is from three to 
five hundred dollars—the inside, of course 
to correspond in simplicity with the exterior. 
Rural dwellings—of the cheapest and 
most unpretending character—may have an 
air of taste and beauty given them, but in 
attempting thir<, care must be taken ttiai ibe 
inappropriate and unbecoming does not 
creep in from the imitation of highly orna¬ 
mented and expensive models. Adaptation 
and propriety should be studied, and “every 
man’s proper mansion and home, should 
“ according to the degree of the master, be 
decently and delightfully adorned.” 
We copy below some remarks of Mr. 
Downing originally given with the cut in 
the Horticulturist: 
“We would, first of all, give our cottage 
the best proportions. It should not be too 
narrow, it should not be too high. These 
are the two prevailing faults with us. After 
giving it an agreeable proportion—which is 
the highest source of all material beauty, 
we would give it something more of char¬ 
acter as well as comfort, by extending the 
roof. Nothing is pleasanter to the eye than 
the shadow afforded by a projecting eave. 
It is nearly impossible that a house should 
be quite ugly, with an ample projecting 
roof; as it is difficult to render a simple one 
pleasing, when it is narrow and pinched 
about the eaves. 
After this, we would bestow a little char¬ 
acter by a bold and simple dressing, or fa¬ 
cing, about the windows and doors. The 
chimneys may next be attended to. Let 
them be less clumsy and heavy, if possible, 
than usual. 
The rafters are stout joists, placed two 
feet apart, which are allowed to extend be¬ 
yond the house, two feet, to answer the pur¬ 
pose of brackets for the projectin 
ABOUT FARMERS’ GARDENS. 
As a part of rural and domestic econo¬ 
my, the garden should claim a share of the 
farmer’s attention. Whether the number 
of his acres be ample or circumscribed, it is 
policy to devote a corner thereof to the cul¬ 
tivation of such roots, herbs, plants and 
fruits as please the taste and add to the 
choice stores of the kitchen. The care of 
a garden need not tax the time of the far¬ 
mer, for much of the labor can be perform¬ 
ed by the younger members of the family, 
whilst the odds and ends of time that every 
iill bo quite 
enough for the remainder. 
To remunerate cultivation, however, it 
must be kept in order and free from weeds, 
for it never refuses to honor all drafts prop¬ 
erly made upon it. We expect more than 
ordinary results, but unless we give it more 
than the care ordinarily bestowed on the 
crops of the farm we must be disappointed. 
And here it is, one may see high cultivation 
epitomized, and learn that if we will extend 
equal care to all the land we cultivate, we 
shall be equally rewarded with high crops. 
All soils are not alike adapted to gardening 
purposes. By carefully noticing their faults, 
and pursuing a judicious course to correct 
them, there are none but may in a very 
few years be brought to the highest state of 
gardening tilth. 
Who, having once fully realized the com¬ 
fort and benefit arising to the health of the 
family, to say nothing of the gratified taste, 
with a dozen other improved enjoyments, 
would forego the well filled and well cared 
for garden. As it greatly economises the 
staple products of the farm, it is really, aside 
from all the other inducements, a matter of 
pecuniary profit. 
To make the matter short, friends, those 
of you who have not yet done it, get you a 
garden, bring it to the highest state of tilth 
your time and circumstances will permit 
Secure it from all encroachments of vicious 
pigs and other unruly creatures. You will 
find it just the place for your currants, 
gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries, Ac., 
— for every one with a trifle of pains can 
have an ample supply of all these delicious 
fruits. And then in their proper times— 
out with the early and late peas and beans, 
the sweet corn, the beats, parsnips, salsify, 
onions, radishes, lettuce, cucumbers, melons, 
squashes, tomatoes, pie plants, Ac., Ac.— 
Give them the benefit of a deep and thor¬ 
ough tilth, and care, and then in the au¬ 
tumn, strike the balance and see how great 
gainers you have been. My word for it, if 
you do the thing well, you will be so much 
gratified as to follow it up each succeeding 
year with improvements. 
The sals ify or vegetable oyster, is a root 
that should bejgQQj^; generally cultivated. 
Cooked in Various wav3 it is most delicious 
Ano 
mora or 
g eaves. 
The window dressings, which should have a 
bold and simple character, are made by 
nailing on the weather boarding stout strips, 
four inches wide, of plank, one inch and a 
half in thickness. The coping piece is of 
the same thickness, and six to eight inches 
wide, supported by a couple of pieces of 
joists nailed under it for brackets. 
We have tried the effect of this kind of 
exterior, using unplaned boards, to which 
we have given two good coats of paint, sand¬ 
ing the second coat. The effect we think 
much more agreeable—because it is in bet¬ 
ter keeping with a rustic cottage, than when 
the more expensive mode of using ^planed 
boards is resorted to.” 
judicious manuring and culture which will 
best tend to remedy the defects of both.— 
The volcanic formation of the great moun¬ 
tain chain which extends from the Andes 
to the northern extremity of the Rocky 
Mountains, gives to the scil ’ w.-ugbout the 
whole extent that superabundance of pot¬ 
ash, and alkaline salts, which is fou id to 
compose one half the ashes of :he potato. 
A rich loose soil, to admit the circulation of 
air among the roots is also supplied. w. s. 
