MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
, (BfritjCftlitftiftl. 
BY L. WETHfeRELL 
SUMMER SCHOOLS. 
Tiie summer schools of the rural districts 
over the State are nearly all in progress at 
the present time. Some few, perhaps, have 
not yet been commenced. Those in oper¬ 
ation are mostly taught by young women, 
has not been learned and practiced at home, ft f n stem ’ and descending between the bark and 
no teacher need expect that it will be will- \ l.UUb wood. The staminate and pistillate plants 
ingly practiced at school. For if the child ■ ^ - = bear some resemblance to sex, whilst the 
.obeys not his father and mother, neither BOTANY. seeds without a stretch of fancy may be 
will he submit very gracefully to his teacher. Its departments—Extent of Vegetation—Affinity considered vegetable eggs. 
_ * to the Animal Kingdom. Animals differ in possessing sensibility 
THE GOOD TEACHER. Botany, is that division of Natural His- This quality forms the first step in the scale by 
It is a truth so ^^established that no tory, which treats of the vegetable kingdom which the animal rises above the vegetable, 
proof can make it plainer, that whatever structure, habits, uses, or whatever Some plants possess an irratibility, quite 
principles one would instil, he must carry relates to plants-which God m his good- analogous to the sensibility of some of the 
them out in his practice. It is mostly by Iie8S has created for a robe of beaut > r t0 the '° wer orders of the animal creatlon ’ and 
this law though aided by the superstitious earth, and as sustenance to the myriad forms there are those, who from this have claim¬ 
ant! ignorant material 'upon which they of ariimal hfe ’ ed sensibility as a trait in the vegetable 
work that false prophets, and others of like Like other sciences, it has its departments, kingdom. 
stamp, play so successfully upon the credu- One, Organography, treats of the organic Though plants select their food, there is 
lity of mankind. Now if the teacher went structure of plants. A second treats of their a marked difference in its nature, and in the 
as faithfully into his own glorious work, we vital functions, by which they exist, grow process by which the nourishment is con- 
It is a truth so well established that no 
proof can make it plainer, that whatever 
principles one would instil, he must carry 
them out in his practice. It is mostly by 
this law, though aided by the superstitious 
and ignorant material upon which they 
work, that false prophets, and others of like 
stamp, play so successfully upon the credu¬ 
lity of mankind. Now if the teacher went 
as faithfully into his own glorious work, we 
hould witness a far different result, even in and reproduce their species. This is Veg- veyed and assimilated. The vegetable se- 
IMMORTALITY • 
O, Listen, Man! 
A voice within ns speaks the startling word, 
“Man, thou shalt never die!” Celestial voices 
Hymn it unto our souls: according harps. 
By angel fingers touch’d when the mild stars 
Of morning sang together, sound forth still 
The song of our great immortality! 
Thick, clustering orbs, and this our fair domain, 
The tall dark mountains, and the deep-toned seas. 
Join in this solemn and universal song. 
—O, listen, ye, our spirits! drink it in 
From all the air? ’Tis in gentle moonlight; 
'Tis floating in day’s setting glories; night, 
Wrapped in her sable robe, with silent step 
Comes to our bed and breathes it in our cars; 
Night and the dawn, bright day and thoughtful eve, 
All time, all hounds, the limitless expanse. 
As one vast mystic instrument are touch’d 
By an unseen, living Hand, and conscious chords 
Quiver with joy in the great jubilee: 
—The dying hear it; and as sounds of earth 
Grow dull and distant, wake their passing souls 
To mingle in this heavenly harmony.—[R. II. Dana. 
THE SUN BEHIND THE CLO.D. 
The children of God liave an eternal 
and overflowing fountain of consolation 
not yet been commenced. Those in oper- ^ lasted land of intelligence. It is ab- etable Physiology, and intimately connected lects its food from the soil and atmosphere, Grow dull and distant, wake their passing souls 
ation are mostly taught by young women, s0 ] u te]y necessary to the good teacher. _ with the prosperity of the husbandman in through the medium of roots and leaves, by To mingle in this heavenly harmony.— ir. 11. Dana. 
many of whom have had little or no expe- And> thoge who are mo9t thoroughly im- the propgation, treatmeht and culture of mechanical action, without volition, feeling, THE S UN BEHIND THE CLO.D. 
rience as teachers. A large number are bued w p h ar(? lke most ren0 wned for his trees, grains and vegetables. A third or locomotion. The nourishment of the an- - 
teaching this season for the first time. Such their glorious success. Indeed, he must be department is Glossology, that explains and imal is elaborated from crude, organized The children of God have an eternal 
find themselves in a new sphere of action. an earnest worker, toiling most assiduously defines those uncouth, jaw-breaking, so- matter, received into the system by a andnof^^ 
Many will succeed well and like it. Others ^ imp]ant and nurture his good precepts called scientific names, that Botanists have mouth, digested by a stomach and the cru- whi(; {J ia 9et j^ re There 
will meet with difficulties and discourage- deep wifchin the heart He must be pa- culled from the ancient languages to cliris- dities rejected through an intestinal canal. ig nQ con ’ dition> no trial, no gloom and hea- 
ments and become disheartened, and will don ^ There, perhaps, is no avocation, that ten the pretty flowers and plants that shed This affinity between the animal and vege- v iness of spirit, to which it is not adapted, 
abandon a vocation in which a little perse- has so much to irritate and perplex the their perfume in every pathway. A fourth table is one of the wonders of the gradations fully adequate, for all the relief that it is 
verance would render them useful. The m j nd _ so muc h to sour the disposition and department is Systematic Botany, which with which this world is stored. It is a best for them to receive. Journeying thro 
person who seeks for an employment that , morose and crabbed. If the teaches us the relation of one plant to an- fruitful subject and is already carried to a J b,s va e 0 tear *’ * he y must needs pass 
r 7 :: r make one morose ana craDDea. it me iem^ n u* . -—--, “I" "through many a dark and gloomy avenue. 
has no difficulties, nor trials, nor anxieties- teacher allows his temper to sour, and him- other with their affinities and diversities.- greater extent than was intended for this Stormg> yea tempesls of sorrow and dis . 
in other words, any one who seeks and ex- ge jf g row cross> he loses a great power It also arranges and classifies the 100,000 article. To the thoughtful mind it is pleas- t ress> -will assail them and beat upon them, 
pects to find a pathway through life free oyer y g pupds g y suc h conduct he be- or more species that exist on the globe, mg, unfolding to its vision, new ideas of the From the dark cloud that is over them, the 
from obstacles, will seek, says Dr. Chan- i- i • d teachings designating them all by distinctive charac- wonderful wisdom of the universal Ruler. thunders, will be heard, and the lightning 
• „• ° ° ‘ , , . j tew flash be seen. Bow to the storm they must; 
■NTvrj. in vain. tt _. _i_* »nn names. . i. a. yt. ... .. J ’ 
ning, in vain. He must be pleasant and kind at heart, ters and names. 
All who are employed in the responsible to acquire that power over the youthful Botany should claim, at least, a share of the 
labor of teaching, whether with experience, m i ud w hich shall enable him to lead it attention of every one, proportionate to its 
or without it, find the greatest difficulty in gently into the green pastures and by the great value, comprehending as it does a 
THE SLEEP OF PLANTS. 
its violence will admit of no effectual re¬ 
sistance. But, look! baiteied and way¬ 
worn traveler as fhou liest in the dust by 
The way in which sleep is shown in the reason 0 f the violence of the tempest, di- 
vi vumuuii miu me gitan .01 ui.myunj- in genuy into me greeu pastures anu uy great, vaiue, wuijiitnAiiuaig no m uueo a t. K1 . tin Horn is infinitelv more varia- — . - — - —, — • 
governing the children and youth commit- coo l water brooks. Yet, whilst he is kind, knowledge of the relations of the vegetable Me dian amorm animals Man throws him- T ect J our sight beyond the dark and frown- < 
r,. , • 1 Ti 11 l-iii X. ,0 A, J . r c oie uian among aumuua. ing borders of that cloud which is bursting < 
ted to their charge. It matters little how he must be firm, not stubborn nor wilful, kingdom to all the other departments of na- self prostrate; some kinds of monkeys he with all its violence upon vou. See! there < 
much knowledge one may have at his com- f or such characteristics will be the more ture, and aiming in its researches to develop on their sides; the camel places its head j g a streidi 0 f c j ear g j. y beyond, of golden < 
mand, if he lacks the capacity to govern, he developed in those under his charge, but the exhaustless resources of this kingdom between its fore legs; and birds roost their jjgbt diffusing its thousand splendors abroad. < 
will not succeed well as an instructor —for his Grmness must be tempered with good for man’s sustenance, protection and enjoy- beads b ^ n ^ atb tb ® w’ng. e )° n( \ us . ea,e 1 do not speak of the radiance of the nat- f 
the child must first obey-must first yield will and justice. He should govern in such ment; as food, medicine, shelter or beauty. ^ereTsTo end" to th'e'curious and'beauti- more ^JLldid^ oftlie Sun of \ 
the strong desire within him to guide his a manner, that his rule shall seem pleasant This claim is greater, perhaps, when the f u l diversity which rewards the seeker in righteousness, spreadingfar and wide around \ 
own steps, to the will of his “teacher, before and his requirements be acceded to as a study can be made so directly useful in ad- Nature’s mysteries. . bim celestial'glory, such as beams from \ 
he can be successfully taught—that is to happy duty. His whole being should be vancing the kindred employments of Ilorti- Some plants droop their leaves at night, the throne of God. That Sun will shine \ 
say, he must be wholly guided by the will of so strongly imbued with love and kindness, culture and Agriculture, and the improve- the flat part becoming flaccid and pendulous. wken darkness and storm—when all other < 
his parents, and such teachers as they em- that wherever he moves, whether in or out ment of the intellectual and moral faculties. ^ove^andVetchS, close thcTrTeaflets to- mi!h STllXct vou < 
ploy to aid them in instructing and training of the school-room, at home or abroad, he There is no other science that more ef- gether in pairs, and occasionally the whole and cheer ou onward to that blessed place < 
their offspring. shall shed such a radiance of good, that fectually combines pleasure with profit— leaf drops at the same time. The three w j iere t b c L ord Jesus will be your everlast- 1 
The first work of an instructor is to gov- those who come within the charmed circle Nature clothes every field, and wood, and leaflets of clover bring their faces to the j n g jjght, and the Saviour God a glory that \ 
ern his school. Let this be done with dig- shall have their love excited and a yearn- de ll, and hill, and valley—every nook and JJJtTvvhose a°exls the 1 0 ^ 0 ?union^be- neVCr wanes * — ■ Pro f Stuart. j 
nity, kindness and firmness. Do not be all ing of spirit to seek a more intima.e com- corner w T ith beauty. Botany takes her pu- tween t j ie leaflets and their stalls. Lupines, THE SWEETNESS OF HOME. i 
indulgence at one time, and then strict to munion and grow better therefor. pil by the hand and leads him forth amidst which have leaves resembling a seventy- - 
mark every seeming offence at another.— Thus qualified and farther imbued with it all, in the freshness of Spring, in the glory fingered hand without a palm, fold together He who has no home has not the sweet < 
By thus exhibiting yourself before your pu- the holy principles of God’s truth, the of Summer, in the gorgeousness of the mel- Lke a lady’s half-closed parasol. Chick- pleasures of life; lie feels not the thousand ' 
J , . . , J r 1 , . . , . . . , wppd raises its leaves so as to embrace the endearments that cluster around that hal- } 
pils, they come to the conclusion that you teacher may go forth, accomplishing great low autumn and even m the snow drapened and some spec ies of lotus, besides lowed spot to fill the void of his aching ; 
command and exhort, not from any settled good among his fellows, and working a re- winter. In each of the seasons she opens m ’ of itg e i C g. mt f am ily, the Legumino- breast, and wliile away his leisure moments j 
plan or principle of action, but from the formation in the rising generation that shall to the studious mind a vast and varied store- brim' them together in such a way as in the sweetest of life’s joys. Is misfortune 1 
feeling which prompts you at the time. Be be limitless in effect, and the fruits of which house of knowledge, that insensibly imbues to protect the young flower-buds and im- your lot? \ ou will find a friendly welcome ; 
impartial. Treat all alike. Make no dis- shall crown him a greater hero than ever the heart with a higher and more exalted mature seed vessels from the chill air of from hearts beating ti ue to your own. Iho } 
tinctions but such as age and character re- trod the blood-red, fields of carnage and sense of the Adorable Hand that planted ni S bt - ^nnmLtb!! wL°n ^othpr^hiv^dpspHpd °a 1 
quire. There are some persons who carry strife. These are high qualifications that all things. It pleases the senses, refines the cases whioh cou f d be instanced of change hand to help when all others refuse, and a ; 
their likes and dislikes so far as to render are sadly wanting in many who take upon feelings and makes the heart more suscepti- pos gi on i n leaves, wdiilst in flowers there heart to feel your sorrows as her own. Per- \ 
themselves almost powerless for good as in- themselves this responsible station, yet they ble to the influences of beauty and goodness, seems to be no limit to variation. The haps a smiling cherub, with prattling glee \ 
structors. Children are keen-eyed and will are requisite in the good teacher as the j n }t s fields of research, it knows no greater part shut the petals at night, the and joyous laugh, will drive all sorrow Irom 
discriminate as accurately in matters of this great ground work upon which are added bound.; for vegetation is coextensive with ^ “^b^V^d (Sri w°reathTof domeSIbli^ “ C j 
kind as older persons. Treat all your pu- others—such as aptitude, a quick percep- the earth’s surface. Wherever light, heat, lhem U p like miniature volutes. The sleep No matter how humble the home may } 
pils with love and affection. Impress them tion to spy out resources in emergencies a j r and soil exist, there is some form of 0 f suc h plants is probably unaccompanied be, how destitute its stores, or how poorly f 
with the thought that you are not only their whether in discipline, in illustration or in- greenness to lend beauty to the spot. Amid by any external change. The same may its inmates are clad; if true hearts dwell J 
teacher, but their friend, —one who is ever centives, a ready adaptation to circumstan- Alpine rigors or on burning sands; inther- be said ofcampanalus, and other bell-shaped there, it is yet a home —a cheeriul, prudent ( 
ready to advise and assist them whenever ces without involving principle, and a keen ma l waters or on Ocean beds; in snows and flowers of Cruciferae, it should have been wife, obedient anc a ectiomdoc 11 rai,wh < 
.. . : , A Q u . , , , , - , , • t ' , , observed, are remarkably careless of repose, give their possessor more real joy than bags < 
it is m your power to do so. Such treat- knowledge of character or the workings of caves? , vegetation in some of its thousand Their sl ’ never app / ars S0U nd or even of gold and windy honor. _ j 
ment will not fail to secure the love and es- the human heart in its different phases. forms is found. constant, for many successive nights they The home of a temperate, industrious, *> 
teem of your pupils. Then you can benefit cannot be expected we shall have The vegetable kingdom holds a space in- seem restless, and in the morning always honest man, will be his greatest joy. He \ 
them both by example and by precept— p i enty of n00( i teachers, until there is great termediate between that of the animal and look dozy and uncomfortable. comes to it “ weary and worn,” but the ( 
mould them as it were, as you will. improvement in the ideas of the people on mineral-front the latter of which it re- , f tL‘'pfello' Shood IheemS; a^Uin? buttedthy ‘ 
There must exist between the mind of this subject. As it is generally, the instruc- ceives its sustenance, and to the former of mena of glecp are very considerably di- meal awaits him. Envy, ambition and strife ; 
the teacher and the child who is to receive tor of the immortal mind is not required to which it has many striking resemblances or m j n ishe d . In fact, they* are only seen in have no place there; and, with a clear con- j. 
instruction, a feeling of sympathy. Without • pass through as much training as is deemed affinities. perfection when the growing powers of the science, he lays his weary limbs down to j 
this it is almost if not quite impossible for necessary for one who shall set up the trade Plants resemble animals in possessing a plant are in full energy. Deciduous trees rest in the bosom of his family, and under < 
the instructor to benefit the learner, either of horse-shoeing, or the making of house- living principle. What that principle is, it — that is, such as cast their leaves in au- t le protecting care ol t le poor man s nen 
by example or precept, however excellent hold furniture; and yet the qualifications of may be impossible to say. I he animal monlhg pi owers too lose their sensibili- - 
these may be. It is hard for the child to the instructor should be as infinitely above breathes, moves, and feels, and performs ties altogether, when the period of fertiliza- The “ Sevens ” of Human Life.—A n- \ 
honor and obey one whom he does not love the other, as the soul is above the horse or certain voluntary actions. This is animal tion is passed, as it may readily be seen by a cbdd was not named before / J 
—one toward whom he feels not the least furniture. And the disparagement in re- life. It ceases to breathe, move or feel; inspecting a field of daisies early in the days, not being accounted fully to have li e ;• 
, . , , 1 0 , . . , Lr.fnvp the rW nff the (rrasq before that periodical day—the teeth spring ; 
sympathy. And it is as natural for a child muneration is almost as great. We cannot lays motionless, soon undergoes a rapid de- ™ )rnln S’ Dtioie me new is 011 me grass. r J. ) s fi ed and re . 
A x - 11 x • A u e• , . 1 , - , , . J 1 The overblown one will be found wide open; oui in me /m monm, anu are sneu anu re 
that is well trained by his parents, to love therefore expect good teachers when the composition and is resolved into its original ^ oun ,, er gta eg a q c-imson newed in the 7th year, when infancy is ! 
liic foitlifnl incfrnr»tnr qq it io fnv tlao nno vn Jo itc nvm-mon -Trw nlnmontc IQ flnimfll Hpflt.il Til nlanto . J 7 inta pLiLlLnnH At. th rir>.« 7 -ppars < 
tumn—are in a sort of trance in the winter and help. 
The “ Sevens ” of Human Life. —An¬ 
ciently a child was not named before 7 
his faithful instructor, as it is for the one talent necessary is forbidden its exercise for elements. This is animal death. In plants, t | pped) and sound a sleep. 
who is not in subjection to his parents at want of proper encouragement. It must this living principle, that gives to the animal--- 
home, to hate his teacher, if he seeks to en- inevitably be diverted to other channels of vitality and motion, is modified. Though A Mammoth Tree. — On the land of Mr. 
.force obedience to the rules of the school, development, and the field be left to be they exercise no voluntary motion, still they L.ife, three miles fiom agerstown, ., 
How many faithful teachers by compelling seized upon by charlatans who seek it be 
such children to pay an outward observance cause they fail of doing well elsewhere, 
to the order of school, have thereby incur- t. e. w. 
red their hatred, not unfrequently accom- -- 
panied by a spirit of revenge. "h 1115 Lkess is too often used for the woist 
r J 1 c> 'nrV»ile+ chniiiH Orman ra rrt 
^ near Salem Church, stands the dilapidated 
possess certain vital functions. They select trunk of a hollow sycamore tree , thfecircum- 
changed into childhood. At thrice 7 years , 
the faculties are developed, manhood com- < 
rnencos, man becomes legally competent to ( 
all civil acts—at four times 7 a man is in ' 
full possession of his strength—at five times < 
7 he is fit for the business of the world— \ 
their food, and from it make the necessary f er ence of which is, at the ground, thirty- at six times 7 he becomes grave and wise i 
secretions by which they grow and flourish, nine feet two inches. The Hagerstown or never—at seven times 7 he is in his apo- f 
This is vegetable .life. These functions Herald says: gee, and from that day decays—at eight ■■ 
cease; the plant droops, decays and is re- “The «vity is entered by an aperture tunes 7 he tsin h.sfirstcl,mactenc-atntoe 
’. \ ••.11 mi- which admits a man without stooping; and times-7, or 63, he is in his grand chmacter- 
^ J b * purposes; and whilst we should encourage ’ . . . . , J . . which admits a man without stooping; and times-7, or 63, he is m his grand chmacter- ^ 
We cannot imagine a more unpleasant and support a press disseminating correct solved Int0 lts orr & nnal elem ents. Ihis is ^ inner d j ameter averages eleven feet ic, or year of danger; and ten times 7, or < 
situation to be placed in, than that which morality, and a pure literature, let us frown vegetable death. In one as in the other, f our i nc h es . Mr. Gelwicks and 20 scholars, three-score years and ten, has by the Roy- l 
requires of one as a teacher, to govern cliil- down a press that would wield its power to the principleof life is endowed with a power, from 8 to 17 years old, stood in a circle of al Prophet been pronounced the natural pe- j 
dren committed to his charge, that have °o rru P t tbe morals of the people. to a certain extent, of repairing injuries.— one deep on the extreme of the circle of riod ol human lite. _ 
never obeyed the fifth commandment from Criiios are ^"elV in the grand army both ; U’T/ W ^0^“ ^ ^ PKOOUEBSIOK.-Hn that i. good may ! 
any other motive than that of self-interest of letters, stationed at the corners of news- tbe s P ecies - Iheir clrculatl o n 18 somewhat - s - -- hope to become better; he that is bad may j 
The first lesson which the child has to learn papers and reviews, to challenge every new analogous. In the vegetable it is regular Ninety-one degrees Fahrenheit is the fear that he will become worse; for vice, } 
is obedience to legitimate authority. If this author. ° and neriodic. ascendintr the interior of the greatest cold ever produced, virtue and time never stand still. j 
and periodic, ascending the interior of the 1 greatest 
