VOLUME II. NO. 25. I 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 1851, 
•i WHOLE NO. 77. 
Immediately following the philosophical 
apparatus we find a glittering display of the 
precious metals. Among the articles are 
gold and silver, cast, hammered and chased 
work in great variety,— jewelry, precious 
stales, electro plating in gold and silver, 
and a piece of California gold containing a 
small proportion of silver, and weighing 18 
pounds and 13 ounces. We now pass to 
the central north gallery, which contains 
two splendid carpets presented to the Queen, 
— several pieces of tapestry, a great variety 
of knitted ard needle work, lace,&c. Com¬ 
mencing now at the east end of the south 
central gallery, we find some beautiful 
needle-work and tapestry, and a splendid 
state bed; n< xt is the chemical collection 
which is of great interest, but the articles 
of which are too numerous and technical to 
detail. Here also, is class 3, containing 
various articles of food, confectionary, cof¬ 
fees, gelatine, consolidated milk, cultivated 
plants and many other culinary substances. 
Farther on we find again a large collection 
ot engineering, naval, military and agricul¬ 
tural apparatus; among which, we notice a 
steam plow worked by a stationary engine, 
many thrashing machines, pumps, carts, 
digging machines, and numerous like articles. 
We pass now to the collection from South 
Australia, where we find many specimens 
of ores, some gold from the rivers, appara¬ 
tus for sraeltering metals, drawings and 
diagrams of the mining operations, geolog¬ 
ical specimens, precious stones and a variety 
of dried flowers and other vegetable pro¬ 
ducts, such as grains and the flour made 
from them, &c. From Van Dieman’s Land 
we find some specimens of manufactures, 
and much in the way of raw materials and 
natural products of the animal, vegetable, 
and mineral kingdoms. Beyond this divi¬ 
sion, occupying a space on the first floor as 
well as the gallery, we find the largest col¬ 
lection, the British Colonial products, viz., 
that of Canada. Many of these we noticed 
before, and now only add to the list a fire 
engine, some specimens of maple sugar, and 
a variety of wax and spermaceti articles. 
The East Indies present, next to this, a large 
variety of natural products, raw materials, a 
few models, coarse manufactures, precious 
stones and Hindoo furniture and toys, &c. 
We return now, again, to the statuary, and 
United States collection, which we have al¬ 
ready noticed briefly, and then come to the 
Russian department. 
Immediately west of the United States 
is the Russian collection, yvhich, as well as 
the United States, is comparatively small. 
A few articles of furniture, vases, candel¬ 
abra, and some metal castings and enamel¬ 
ed work, are worthy of note. In the small 
corner occupied by Denmark we find a ma¬ 
chine for composing and arranging type, 
and also for assorting all kinds of letters, 
when in “pi:” a fine collection of porcelain, 
steam guages, pianos, and some fine copies 
in “biscuit ware” of statuary, after the 
great Danish sculptor Thorwaldsen.— 
Norway and Sweden have fabrics in iron, 
specimens of nickel and cobaet, cotton, 
woolen and silk goods. 
We come now again to the “Zoll Verein” 
or Toll Union, many of the articles of which 
have been before noticed. Among them 
are a great variety of pottery, porcelain, 
ivory carving, stained glass, metal castings, 
chemicals, philosophical apparatus, paints, 
articles in papier mache, jewelry, toys and 
stuffed birds; also ornamental painted wall¬ 
paper, and canvass and oil paintings, ex¬ 
ecuted so as to resemble those done by the 
brush. Here again we pass by France, 
Holland, Bel gium, &c., and come to the tran¬ 
sept on the north side, where we find the 
small, but not the less interesting^ollections 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A WEEKI.Y JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Mechanic £.rts and Sci¬ 
ence, Education, Rural and Domestic Economy, 
General Intelligence, the Markets, &c„ &c. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
J. H. BIXBY, L. WETHER HI,!,, and II. C. WHITE. 
Dr. M. M. RODGERS, Foreign Correspondent. 
Contributors and Correspondents: 
L. B. Gang worthy, 
Wir.r.iAM Garbctt, 
S. I’. Chapman, 
David Ei.y, 
Myron Adams, 
II. P. Norton, 
T. (7. Peters, 
F. W. Lay, 
T. E. Wktmork, 
R. B. Warren, 
Archibam Stone, 
Chester Dewey, li,. d., 
.1. Ci.kment, 
D. W. Ballou, Jr., 
R. G, Pardee, 
L Hildreth, 
J \s. II. Watts, 
W. K. Wyckofe, 
VV. II. Bristol, 
Wm. Perry Fogg, 
S. Luther, 
L. I). Whiting. 
And nume.ro ,s others—practical, scientific, and literary 
writers—whose names are necessarily omitteu. 
PnOttRESS AM) I!»IPKOVEMENT. * 
LETTERS 0 N 
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE, ETC. 
BY M. M. RODGERS, M. D- 
ENGLAND. 
THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION. 
[CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK’S PAPER.] 
London, May 6, 1351. 
The contents of this gallery are very 
numerous,*—models of bridges, lighthouses, 
piers, samples of chain cables, galvanized 
iron houses, cutlery, surgical instruments, 
gutta pereha and India rubber work, orna¬ 
mental sawing done by machinery, brushes, 
&c. The central north gallery contains a 
vast collection of glass fabrics, mostly of 
British manufacture; there are also display¬ 
ed the various sands, alkalies, furnaces, and 
other implements used in the various oper¬ 
ations of this branch: one large gothic chan¬ 
delier, and one combining cut glass of white, 
red and blue, are well worth notice; a great 
variety of colored and stained glass, the 
tints of which are the result of the combin¬ 
ations of metallic oxides, as gold, silver, 
copper, cobalt, uranium, &c., with common 
flint glass;—imitations of Venetian glass, 
specimens of silvering glass by precipitating 
silver from a solution ;—plate glass of large 
sizes and various tints, together with nu¬ 
merous articles of pressed glass, complete 
this collection. A little to the west of this 
is a handsome, but not large collection of 
musical instruments, consisting of pianos, 
horns, harps, organs, <fcc., many of which 
are from Germany. 
Still farther on we find a large collection 
of philosophical and chemical apparatus, 
photographic implements, electro-magnetic 
machines, arrangements for electrical light, 
electrical engines, electrotypes, telegraphs, 
mariner’s compasses, galvanic batteries,&c., 
illustrating very fully the perfection attained 
in this branch of philosophy. A large col¬ 
lection of Daguerreotypes, Culotypes, and 
Photographs on glass from the United States 
are very superior; among them are heads, 
landscapes, and architectural pieces: ap¬ 
paratus fon dissolving views, scales and bal¬ 
ances,—globes and orreries, for educational 
purposes, complete the selection, and we 
proceedjo the west end. The most prom¬ 
inent object here, is the grand organ, 38 
feet high and 2G wide, with 500 pipes, the 
longest being 32 feet, and the shortest § of 
an inch; it has 80 stops; behind this organ 
is a great variety of naval architecture; har¬ 
poons, one of which is sent from a gun by 
moans of powder, in the same manner as a 
ball,—life boats, and many other like arti¬ 
cles, mostly British. Passing northward 
we find a variety of stained window glass, 
clocks, thermometers, burometers, chro¬ 
nometers, &c. Among the clocks is one 
which was made by a self-taught artist, who 
was occupied in the work 34 years; here 
are also some specimens of steel armor. 
CLOVER FOR HAY, 
Clover, for hay, says the Am. Farmer, 
should be cut when it first comes into bloom. 
When cut, it should be permitted to remain 
in the swath 4 or 5 hours, then he put into 
cocks of about 50 lbs. each; the next morn¬ 
ing, after the dew is exhaled, the cocks should 
be gently turned over, and as soon as the 
moisture is evaporated, put four or five cocks 
together, make them up smooth, to turn rain; 
the next day if no rain shall have occurred, 
the clover may be stowed away, and will he 
the better of having a peck of salt to the 
ton strewn over it as it is being packed 
away. Clover cut thus early, and thus cured, 
makes much the best hay, does not lose its 
leaves, and is green and fragrant. Beside 
which, the after math is much more luxu¬ 
riant, and less injury sustained by the soil. 
from Egypt, Persia, Arabia, Brazil, Chili, 
Peru, and California. These contain vari¬ 
ous specimens of seeds, metals, and other 
raw products, with a few manufactured ar¬ 
ticles. This completes the tour through 
the Crystal Palace, and gives us a very 
general view of its entire contents, with 
perhaps as much detail as would be valu¬ 
able to the general reader. 
APOLOGY FOR THE UNITED STATES. 
It cannot be denied that we are thinly 
and rather poorly represented in this exhi¬ 
bition: but there are several good reasons 
for this, which, when considered, go far to¬ 
wards excusing our failure. 1. —We had 
a long distance to send goods. 2.—There 
was no appropriation of money, or other 
demonstration of encouragement to ourar- 
tizans, by Government. 3.—We did not 
sufficiently consider the importance of the 
enterprise. 4.—We had no security against 
piracies on patents. 5.—We were not suf¬ 
ficiently informed in relation to expenses 
and other conditions of contributing. 6.— 
We lacked confidence in our skill to com¬ 
pete with older nations, on certain articles. 
And lastly, there was an ungrounded jeal¬ 
ousy existing with some individuals, as to 
the intentions of the English, and their 
policy in getting up the Exhibition in their 
own country and capital. 
JUSTIFICATION OF THE ENGLISH. 
It is but just in view of the prejudice 
which exists in some quarters against the 
whole proceeding, to say that the English, 
so far have undoubtedly had the good of 
art and manufacture in view, without par¬ 
ticular reference to any nation, and that so 
far they h ive nobly redeemed their pledges. 
They allotted fairly to us, as to all others 
the amount of space in the Palace, which 
they demanded: they invited all, and ex¬ 
cluded none; but when we, with Russia 
and some others failed to fill our space, they 
observed great fairness and liberality to¬ 
wards us, by extending our time for putting 
in goods four months longer than they ask¬ 
ed for themselves, viz., until August 
In their notices through the press they 
have praised what they could, and found 
less fault with us than our own journals 
have done. Parliament, as soon as com¬ 
plaint was made of piracies on patents, took 
measures immediately to suppress the prac¬ 
tice and secure to each one the benefits of 
his own labor and thought And lastly, 
they offer to purchase many of our articles 
at prices vastly above what our own people 
would pay. 
Without wishing to lean to either side 
from prejudice alone, we think, as an eye¬ 
witness to the operations of the Exhibition 
and its orginators, that we have given the 
view of the case which justice and gener¬ 
osity demands; and if the Americans are 
not greatly profited by the Exhibition, we 
think they will have neglected or mistaken 
their own interest. 
ORNAMENTAL FOUNTAINS. removed. If the circle is cut in turf, you 
rp , . , . c will have a handsome grass edge around 
Ihese tastelul embellishments of gar- ... , , 
, , , , , . • , • the basin. I he bottom and sides may be 
dens and pleasure grounds have not, in this .. , . . J 
, ... , . . lined with water cement, at trifling expense, 
country, been introduced as extensively as T . , • , r 
c , . , .. . . . . In using cement, mix one-third clear coarse 
from their beautiful and refreshing influ¬ 
ence, they well deserve. This has arisen, 
sand with it, and put it on with a trowel, 
having first rammed the ground hard.— 
in part no doubt, from an erroneous idea , , . , 
c , , ,, JNext get clean white pebbles to cover the 
ot the expense oi their construction, as wtdl . .. ° , 
, . . inside of the basin, and surround the pine 
as or the amount or water required to keep . . , ... 
. ...... , with stones, no matter how rough, in the 
them m operation, during those hours only , . 
, Al . . _ ... , . ' shape of a cone, 
when their benefits will be best appreciated. „ .. 
... . , , . About twenty-five gallons of water a day 
We propose to give an illustrated descrip- „ • , , r 
. . , ° . * is sufficient to supply such a fountain, and 
tion ot the mode of constructing one of the . , V . 
, i , . r i as it can be stopped at any time by simply 
cheaper kind; also a design for the orna- , . . , . , J f / 
, , . ° , , , „ turning a cock, which must be placed in 
mental part, (see engraving at the head of . .. , , , , 
. . . ' , . „ | , the pipe, it need not play in cool or stormy 
this article,-) to be followed by others of like , , . ', . J 
, weather, and only at such times as may 
character in future numbers of the Rural. A , . . ■ J 
suit the convenience or taste of the owner. 
Wheie no natural head of water is at- j n this way a very small amount of v.ater 
tainable the plan of raising it figured below w jjj answer 
is found at once both cheap and effective. j n re ’gard to the cost—that of the pipe 
J will he the principal expense. Lead 
pipe one inch in diameter, which is 
the proper size for a small fountain, 
can be purchased for less than a shil¬ 
ling a foot; so if the water has to be 
conducted 40 feet the cost will he but 
§5. The ornamental designs, of cast 
iron, painted or bronzed, add from $15 
dition which they prove to pleasure 
Place a barrel near your well or at some grounds, we wonder that they are not more 
place convenient for filling, and at aconsid- frequently introduced as an embellishment. 
erable elevation. It should be out of sight - 
—as behind a wall or over an arbor, or COUN TY FA IRS. 
summer-house, hid by vines and creepers We desire to say something to our 
having a lead pipe from the bottom lead- friends in the different counties, concerning 
ing to the place designed for the fountain, their approaching annual Fairs. Many of 
In the figure above, A is section of wall, B the County Ag. Societies have but few 
butt, C lead pipe under ground. Place the members, and as a consequence, not a large 
pipe low enough to be out of the way of amount to offer for premiums. This mate- 
frost, and as straight as possible, as all el- rially retards their operations, renders the 
bows and bendings diminish the force of attendance and number of members small, 
the water. The height of a jet does not and there is very little of “ progress and 
depend upon the quantity of water, but up- improvement” shown from year to year, 
on the height of the head or barrel. The We perceive from lists and regulations 
closer the jet to the surface of the ground, received, that most of the societies restrict 
the greater the height of water. The rise a fl entries and premiums to the stock, im- 
can be added to by sinking the ground into plements, and manufacturers of the county, 
a hollow around the fountain. The pipe at excluding those without its bounds from a 
the fountain end must be contracted to one- participation in the competition. We deem 
fourth its size, a tube of a few inches in this course erroneous, as it must operate to 
length attached, and the water will rise retard the growth and prosperity of the 
nearly as high as the head. I he barrel Society. By inviting adjacent counties to 
can be filled by a force-pump, or in any way exhibit at the Fair, their best stock, ma- 
COUNTY FAIRS. 
preferred. 
chines, fabrics, and domestic products, charo-- 
In preparing the basin for a fountain— ing each one for membership, and bringing 
first, choose a location either in the garden, the products of both into competition and 
or in the lawn in front of your house; mark comparison, a new life and interest would 
a circle the size you wish.— take out and be infused into the County Fairs, 
form a basin ten or twelve inches deep.— The objection to such a course, would 
The earth taken out should, of course, be doubtless be found in the want of means to 
