VOLUME II. NO. 26. Y 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.—THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1851 
-! WHOLE NO. 78 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL, DEVOTBg TO 
Agriculture, Horticulture, Mechanic Arts and Sci¬ 
ence, Education, Rural and Domestic Economy, 
General Intelligence, the Markets, &c., &c. 
have been turned aside from their purposes 
by some uncontrollable circumstances, they 
have submitted unwillingly to the present 
dominant power, but as soon, as they accumu¬ 
lated new strength and chances seemed to 
be in their favor, they have either reverted 
to a republic, or made at least a strenuous 
effort to do so. But various causes are in 
the way as yet of the permanent establish¬ 
ment of a republic, although it is very im¬ 
probable they will ever submit again to 
monarchy. 
There are in France yet, too many dukes 
and other degenerate limbs of royalty, who 
are sending their influence abroad through 
the medium of corrupt public journals, spec¬ 
ialities in politics, and false relgions.— 
There can be no perfect republic here, 
while these men live; while infidelity is 
so rife as at present; nor while liberty of 
speech is suppressed; never while the Sab¬ 
bath is desecrated as now; never while such 
a corrupt military is encouraged and kept 
up; never while the ambition of the proud 
and luxurious is tempted by so many ely- 
siums in the form of royal palaces; never 
while the public taste is corrupted by a 
vicious literature and art; never while 
jesuit friars, are secretly nosing all corners 
of the moral and social fabric, and destroy¬ 
ing its foundations at every pregnable point; 
and finally, never, while all Europe sets a 
bad example. But we think France, and all 
other nations, as well as America, will event¬ 
ually have this form of government;—we 
draw this conclusion from the general facts 
that man is originally constituted for an 
equalized, representative government; that 
education and civilization always tend to 
such a result; and finally that self govern¬ 
ment is the only one founded in justice and 
consistent with the largest liberty of tho’t, 
and action'. Time works slowly, but surely, 
in producing a great reformation, and the 
inevitable result to any nation must be, as 
it always has been, free self government or 
annihilation. History furnishes no exam¬ 
ple, and philosophy can prove no contradic¬ 
tion to this principle. M. M. Rodgers. 
with a perfect profusion of sculptured mar¬ 
bles, gilded carving and pannel work, inlaid 
floors, gorgeous tapestry, brocade, velvets, 
furniture injaid with ivory, pearl, and pol¬ 
ished metals,—gilded canopies and paint¬ 
ings all combined and arranged in the most 
exquisite tatse of which human ingenuity 
is capable. And if one can picture to him¬ 
self, a suit of these spacious rooms, illumin¬ 
ated by the myriads of crystal candelabras, 
echoing to the swelling strains of the most 
enchanting music, thronged with sceptered 
Kings and jewelled Queens, accompanied 
by a numerous retinue of youthful princes 
and princesses, blooming in beauty and 
richly attired, while everything combines to 
produce a harmonious and almost oppres¬ 
sive air of splendor and magnificence,—he 
will have before him a scene which he can 
hardly believe is surpassed by any in the 
celestial world: and yet, this has been an 
actuality 7 here, times innumerable. 
THE ROYAL PALACES AT VERSAILLES AND ST. 
CLOUD.-THE CHURCH AT ST. DENNIS. 
The first is less splendid in most respects 
than that just noticed: it has a valuable 
gallery of over three thousand pictures, and 
a fine collection of statuary and tapestry; 
there is also a splendid chapel, library and 
theatre. The parks here, are perhaps the 
finest in France, though far less extensive 
than those of Fontainbleau: the Royal Park 
here, (Fontainbleau,) contains G£,000 acres, 
and is 12 miles wide: the fountains, artifi. 
cial ponds, canals and statuary, are in per¬ 
fect profusion; there is also a large orangery, 
and fruit gardens, &c. 
The Palace at St. Cloud contains the 
finest collection of tapestry of all the royal 
residences, and has together with some 
splendid fountains, a series of artificial 
cascades. 
The Church at St.' Dennis, is the West¬ 
minster of Franco, as it contains the remains 
of nearly all her sovereigns; it well pays the 
visitor for a tour from Paris. 
THE JARDIN DES PLANTES. 
This consists of three distinct depart¬ 
ments, viz., the menagerie, the botanic gar¬ 
dens, and the museums: the first contains a 
large collection of animals and birds, all 
living as nearly in accordance with their ori¬ 
ginal habits and natures as possible: the 
botanical department contains almost every 
plant that can be made to flourish in the 
climate of Paris, with the assistance of arti¬ 
ficial heat, green houses, &c.—many of the 
tropical plants seem to grow as luxuriantly 
as if restored to their native habitudes.— 
The museums contain a vast collection of 
objects from the three kingdoms of nature, 
all preserved and arranged in the most per¬ 
fect order;—but I can only notice this place 
briefly,—together with the school of natu¬ 
ral sciences connected with it, where the 
student of natural history will find it offers 
every possible facility for the pursuit of his 
investigations during a life time. 
Many other places in Paris, such as 
churches, colleges, hospitals, galleries, mu¬ 
seums, libraries, manufactories and various 
public buildings, parks, gardens, &c., offer 
attractions hardly equalled in any other part 
of the world. 
PROSPECTS OF THE REPUBLIC. 
The name “ Republic,” seeips to be as 
yet a misnomer; an anarchy, such as that 
of France, scarcely deserves the name; but 
that the people will finally establish such a 
form of government, is almost certain, from 
their fixed determination to clo so. Since 
the remembrance of men now living, France 
has had four Kings, one Emperor, and has 
been twice a Republic; this fact goes to 
prove that at least a large portion of the 
people are determined on the overthrow of 
monarchy in all forms. Whenever they 
can but add to the strength of the soil as it 
decomposes; and the frequent and repeat¬ 
ed use of the cultivator will better prepare 
the ground for the growing crop than it 
could be by twice plowing—turning the sod 
to surface and exposing it to the free evap¬ 
oration and the consequent loss of a por¬ 
tion of its manurial gases. 
It is evident that seeds of any descrip¬ 
tion require the combined presence of heat, 
water and oxygen to induce a healthy ger¬ 
mination. There would be a greater 
amount of heat from the *lecay of the sod, 
turned under, than otherwise,—water would 
better be retained, and for a longer period 
—and at the same time a larger supply of 
oxygen would arise from its decomposition 
beneath, than upon the surface. 
TEMPLE OF NOTRE DAME. 
This vast and magnificent Gothic pile, 
whose lofty towers have looked down upon 
the change of dynasties and scenes ot bar¬ 
barism for seven centuries, has been the 
place of some of the most singular as well 
as memorable transactions of any in Europe. 
Here, in the “ reign of terror,” a naked 
prostitute was carried by the infamous Dan- 
ton and Robespierre, and set upon the al¬ 
tar and hailed by the infidel rabble as the 
“ goddess of reason.” Within its lofty walls 
Napoleon received the crown of France, 
placing the diadem on his brow with his 
own hand. The service here when high 
mass is performed, is truly splendid and im¬ 
posing; a large number of priests vestured 
in the richest sacerdotal robes, glittering 
with gold and dazzling with gay colors, 
chanting in sepulchral tones Latin pray¬ 
ers, surrounded by thousands of kneel¬ 
ing penitents, while white robed youths 
wave their silver censors and fill the air 
with aromatic odors. Meanwhile the gor¬ 
geous arches and painted walls, resound to 
the almost deafening tones of the enormous 
organ, accompanied by the silvery voices of 
numerous juvenile chanters. In no place 
in the world, Rome excepted, can this cere¬ 
mony be seen in such splendid perfection, 
and on so grand a scale as here. 
PARE LA CHAISE. 
This is the most splendid of the Parisian 
cemeteries, and is literally a “city of the 
dead,”—almost every monument being a 
small stone chapel, in which the friends of 
deceased persons attend worship at stated 
times, and drop a tear over the dust of de¬ 
parted ones. Here are the tombs of Mo- 
liere and La Fontaine, whose mortal re¬ 
mains render the place more sacred, hum¬ 
ble though their tombs, than the costly piles 
of marble that mark the resting places of 
all the military chiefs of France. Here 
also, is a splendid Gothic structure which 
marks the common grave of Abelard and 
Heloise, whose ardent and unfortunate at¬ 
tachment was so cruelly punished by the 
offended uncle;—to this tomb the sighing 
disciples of Cupid repair annually, to pledge 
anew their tender remembrance of the ill- 
fated pair, by strewing it with wreaths of 
perrennial flowers. Pare La Chaise is a 
delightful and a splendid place,—and ad¬ 
mirably fitted for the reflections of those 
who make a virtue of being unhappy with 
long cherished melancholy. The monu¬ 
ments of several Americans and other for¬ 
eigners are to be seen here. 
ROYAL PALACE AT FONTAINBLEAU. 
This place has been the theatre of some 
of the most important events connected 
with the history of France. In this splen¬ 
did old palace the father of Charles X and 
Louis XIV died; here Christiana, Queen 
of Sweden, resided after her abdication; 
here Louis XIV revoked the edict of Nan¬ 
tes, and here Napoleon kept Pope Pius 
YII imprisoned two years,—and afterwards 
unwillingly signed his abdication of the 
throne, and took leave of his imperial eagles 
forever: here too, with the vain hope of 
leaving an heir to the throne, he sacrificed 
on the shrine of his insatiable ambition, and 
divorced the only wife of his affection, the 
amiable and faithful Josephine. This cruel 
and unjust act cost him a greater mental 
effort than all the victories he ever achieved, 
and planted a thorn in his pillow, which 
ceased to wound him only with his expiring 
groan at St. Helena. 
. I shall not attempt to describe the Palace 
of Fontainbleau, as language can hardly 
give any cor ect conception of its splendor 
It is an extensive structure of free stone, not. 
peculiarly imposing when seen from with¬ 
out; but within, it is finished and furnished 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
* assisted by 
J. H. BIX BY, L. WETHER ELL, and II. C. WHITE. 
Dr. M. M. RODGERS, Foreign Correspondent. 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. 
FRANCE. 
> Paris, January, 19.51. 
Mr. Editor:—I send you a few brief 
; sketches of the most interesting objects for 
“ sight seeing,” of Paris and its vicinity.— 
; These notes are miscellaneous, and without 
any pretension to exact and full description 
or historical connection; being merely a 
\ record of such impressions as would be left 
' on the mind of a traveler who visits every 
) place of interest, with no other end in view 
than that of general information. Paris 
■ combines, perhaps, a greater variety of ob- 
> jects of interest to the stranger, whether 
\ he be seeking for knowledge, or pursuing 
• pleasure merely, than any other city in the 
] world; but among the innumerable attrac- 
) tions which constitute a maze, in which at 
first, one is bewildered and confounded, we 
) will select a few of the most noted and 
> brilliant. 
> 
i; XUK PALACE Of 'DIE TUiLtERiEg.“~THfi LOU* 
VRE—PALAIS NATIONAL. 
From the circumstance of its being the 
1 scene of important events at the commence- 
1 ment of the last revolution, and the last resi¬ 
dence of the unfortunate Louis Piiillippe, 
it is peculiarly worthy of a visit; and here 
we may remark, that all public buildings 
and institutions in France, are wisely and 
liberally thrown open to the gratuitous in- 
i spection of the public. This however, is 
> not true of similar places in England and 
1 most continental countries. 
Here is to be seen the splendid throne 
room, mutilated and reft of its rich furni- 
ture and ornaments,—but not a • vestiire of 
( O 
the throne itself remains. In another room 
) is a silver statue of the goddess of the coun- 
j ° 
) try, of the size of life, which was presented 
to Napoleon by the citizens of Paris. Sev- 
. oral fine paintings and some rich antique 
; furniture constitute the sum of what remains 
J to be seen here at present, — although this 
extensive and splendid old palace is rich in 
> historical recollections. Joining this, is the 
palace of the Louvre, which contains the 
; famous gallery of paintings, consisting of 
over three thousand pieces from the mas¬ 
ters of nearly all countries: the works of 
this collection are exclusively from deceased 
artists, those of living artists having been 
( o o 
> removed to a new gallery in the Palais Na¬ 
tional, which collection consists also of about 
1 three thousand pieces, besides much fine 
\ sculpture. 
■ “HOTEL DES MONNIES.” 
s This is the Mint, an extensive stone edi¬ 
fice, containing all the coins and medals of 
France, through many different reigns, to- 
; geth'er with the coins of most modern na- 
tions; also the dies for coining, a collection 
) of precious ores and metals, chemicals and 
; apparatus for assaying them, extensive work- 
) shops for coining processes, &c. A visit to 
i this establishment amply compensates one 
! the time and labor required to see it. 
ROOT CULTURE.-THE RUTA BAGA. 
The farmer who wishes to avail himself 
of every mode of good management by 
which the general productiveness of his 
form m ay be increased, will not neglect, in 
the proper season, to sow his acre or less of 
the ruta baga. To the grazier and dairy¬ 
man this root is of high value, being more 
productive, as well as more nutritive than 
any other turnip—keeping better and later, 
and particularly adapted to the spring feed¬ 
ing of all domestic animals. To the grain- 
grower, who pays but little attention to 
stock, they are of importance—saving land 
for the plow which must otherwise be em¬ 
ployed for meadow, — for from half an acre 
of ruta bagas as much animal food may be 
obtained as from several acres of hay. For 
table use, they are highly prized—their 
sweetness and long-keeping qualities, ren¬ 
dering them a general favorite. 
The time of sowing is already at hand, 
but may be extended through the present 
month and even later, yet the sooner done, 
the better the crop, as they continue grow¬ 
ing until all vegetation ceases from cold, so 
that their size depends in part upon early 
planting. The following is one mode of 
cultivation. 
The best soils are those deep, light and 
sandy—new ground, grass-swards or clover- 
leys producing the greatest crops. The 
drill culture is decidedly better than broad¬ 
cast, though the latter is sometimes prac¬ 
ticed. The land should, by repeated plow¬ 
ing, harrowing, &c., be brought into a state 
of deep, fine tilth, and the manure, well 
rotted, placed in furrows and covered with 
the plow, over which the seed is sown with 
a drill machine, (if any amount of sowing 
is to be done, the greater ease and nicety 
will pay for the investment,) and covered 
lightly with fine mould, rolled down. 
As soon as the plants come up, a dust¬ 
ing, for several mornings in succession be¬ 
fore the dew is off, with ashes, soot, lime or 
plaster, will prevent the ravages of the fly, 
as well as add, by their fertilizing proper¬ 
ties, to the early growth of the plants.— 
They must be kept clear from weeds, and 
thinned out, to at least ten inches distance, 
—and frequent working in the early stages 
of their growth is of great importance.— 
This can in part be done by a narrow cul¬ 
tivator, which should be followed by the 
hoe, for in this as in all other crops thorough 
work is the secret of success. They will 
well repay all the labor bestowed upon 
them, and the good looks of the cattle and 
sheep to whom they have been fed, in the 
spring, will prove their value very satisfac¬ 
torily to the producer. 
Brag Calf. —Mr. Aaron Wilson, one 
of our Ovid subscribers, has a calf, which, 
when five hours old, weighed 111 lbs. The 
cow is one-half Durham and one-half Dev¬ 
onshire—the calf from Devonshire bull. 
ONCE PLOWING FOR WHEAT. 
There is no grain raised in the Middle 
States which pays a better profit than wheat, 
although at present its yield is somewhat 
uncertain, owing to the weevil, rust, and 
other enemies which sometimes attack it 
These should not discourage the agricultur¬ 
ist, but rather incite to more earnest search 
for remedies therefor. As it is the season 
of commencing the preparation of the wheat 
ground by the farmer, I have thought, it 
might not be irrevalent to advance a few 
ideas and suggestions on the subject. 
The old mode of plowing the ground in 
June, and letting it lie until August or 
September, and then cross-plowing—turn¬ 
ing up the old, partly decayed sod to the 
sun, wasting thus a portion of its substance 
and strength—is still practiced by many 
farmers. Better plow your sod ground just 
before harvest, or immediately after if you 
choose, to the depth of seven or eight inch¬ 
es, then thoroughly harrow, after which put 
on a good steel-tooth cultivator, and ply 
that over the field two or three times, as 
your time may permit, and the nature of 
the land require. After going through with 
this process, sow on your wheat and culti¬ 
vate in,—between the first and tenth of 
September is the most suitable time. 
The double profit to be derived from this 
management proves its propriety. But 
some may say the strength of the buried 
sod oannot assist the early growth of the 
wheat. I think it can and does. The ve£- 
etation turned under—let it be clover or 
any other grass to the, depth eight inches, 
