MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
PATENT OFFICE BUILDING, WASHINGTON. 
The United States Patent Office Building The monotony of the extended front is still far- 
wns designed by Win. P. Elliot, architect and ther broken up, and the boldness of that outline 
engineer, of Washington, D. C., and adopted by increased by projections of thirteen feet next to the 
the XXlVth Congress, and approved by Presi- oast and west sides. The whole building is sur- 
dent Jackson. It was commenced in 1836, and rounded with bold antic or pilasters, let into the 
270 feet of the south side of the block completed external walls, which produce nearly as rich an 
and occupied within four years from that period. effect os the isolated frustum of columns, and are 
This magnificent building is one of the best much stronger, and serve also as buttresses to re¬ 
public edifices in Washington, and wo regret that sist the thrust of the arches. The entablature is 
want of space prevents us from giving a complete continuous, and surrounded by a blocking course, 
description of its architecture. We mny give more whieh finishes the superstructure. The windows 
full details hereafter, but can only add, now, the are arranged between the pilasters. The north 
following extract from a description published in a front, on G street, is the same as the south front, 
numhor nft.he Scientific American; 011 ^ street, except that the inner columns of the 
late number of the Scientific American; 0,1 * street, except that t he inner columns of the 
' The building is two stories high, resting upon P<>hico are omitted. The east front, on Seventh 
an elevated basement. The order of architecture street, is graced with a portico of six columns, 
adopted for the exterior is the Grecian Doric of which tends to break up the monotony of this ox- 
t he age of Pericles, when the fine arts in Greece, tended facade. The west front is relieved by a 
particularly architecture, had reached the highest similar portico. This portico, owing to the position 
point of excellence. The details are modelled af- of the ground on the west, rests upon a vaulted 
THE MOTION OF THE EARTH MADE VISIBLE. 
The accompanying engraving (says the Scientific tration that, to some minds, are obscure. The fob I with a little modification, have the phenomenon 
r .* _ __ . _ _ hitfid at. the Pantheon. 
ter the celebrated Parthenon, erected on the Acrop¬ 
olis Athens, one of the finest specimens of Athenian 
architecture, and which is now in part standing— 
the marbles having indurated to such a degree, by 
terrace, from which it will be approached. 
The vaults of the terrace are to be used for 
fuel, lumber. &.C. The 'cellar story, under this 
side of the block, owing to the low grade of Ninth 
an exposure of more than 2/200 years to the atmos- street, has a greater height, and may he divided 
phere ns to resist the action of a chisel. The into rooms, to be appropriated to some useful pr¬ 
incipal front, on F street, is graced with a portico pose, as they will be well ventilated and lighted, 
of 16 columns, octastyle arrangement,—the col and approached from the pavement on Ninth street, 
mans entablature, and pediment being of the size The horizontal terrace, or pavement, surrounding, 
and proportion of the Parthenon, caeh column the whole block, will, on the curb lino, be the 
being 18 feet in circumference at the base. The same size ns the appropriation on which the build- 
tympanum and metopes are left blank. In the ing is erected, viz., 500 by 363 feet, and be sur- 
Parthenon these parts wore enriched with very fine rounded by a handsome ornamented iron railing, 
sculptures in basso-relievo and alto-relievo, of such with gates, which aro to he kept locked at night.— 
extraordinary excellence that modern artists may The posts may support the lamps for lighting the 
well despair of equalling them. place. 
American,) exhibits Dn. Bachhoflner, of Lon¬ 
don, at the Polytechnic Institution, London, ex¬ 
plaining the experiment of Mr. Foucault, for de¬ 
monstrating the rotntionof our globe. 
Fixed to the floor is a circular table divided into 
360 degrees, and of 16 feet diameter north and 
lowing may prove less so; 
Suppose a pendulum at the North Pole vibrating 
! across a circular table. As the plane (or direction) 
now exhibited at the Pantheon. 
At Paris, the time required for the return of die 
pendulum to its first point of departure, is more 
across u uitur .- \- ■ t -. — —.. i- > 
in which the oscillation takes place does not change, | than 30 hours (30 hours and 40 minutes). That 
while the table below revolves with the earth from tho time must be more than that required at 
rixeu U) me uuur is a cutuiu, »uio - wane me -- : — - - - 
360 degrees, and of 16 feet diameter north and wes t to east, the pendulum will approach an ob-j the poles (24 hours) will be obvious if we re¬ 
south, supposed to rotate with the earth; while a 8er ver at each oscillation from a new point, its j fleet that at the equator the plane of oscillation of 
ball 28 lbs. weight, depending from an iron girder p i ane will seem to revolve. In twenty-four hours the pendulum, with regard to the poles or any ob- 
by a wire 45 feet long, vibrates over its surface. t he p i ane of oscillation will have completed an en- jeet fixed upon the earth, will not revolve. 
The plane of vibration apparently never changes; the revolution from east to west around the earth’s Anywhere between the poles and the equator 
hut the rotation of the table is visible by the altera- ax i 8; or , more correctly speaking, the plane hav- the time will vary from 24 hours (tho leust time) 
tion of the degrees, and the removal of small por- j ; n g been at rest, tho earth will, in twenty-four t o infinity. 
tions in the centre of the table by the point of the b ours, return to its former position. j n a latitude lower thnn that of Baris, the time 
ball in its transit. Dr. Bachhoflner professes Suppose now, for convenience of illustration, the reqilired for the return of the pendulum to its first 
to conduct the experiment after the manner em- eart h nor thward from this meridian of latitude to j|i( . of deparlur0) w jh be more than 30 hours, 
ployed at the Pantheon at Paris, and on the princi- bo fiat, the table to be extended from the pole on ^ BoiUm it wiU be 35 hours and 36 minutes, a 
pies laid down by the French mathematicians, ad- every 8 j de to the meridian, and over it a pendu- ^ obtained by dividing 24 by the sine of the 
pies laid down by the French mathematicians, ad¬ 
hering strictly to the definitions of M. Foucault. 
The proposition assumed in the experiment is, 
every side to the meridian, and over 1 a pent u q Uan tity obtained by dividing 24 by the sine of the 
lum of proportional length to be suspended. What latitudes> 
is true of the lesser table will be true of the larger: 
is irut. mi . , , These facts suggest a new method of determin- 
it will revolve with the earth. The pendulum \ ^ ” hh . ....... 
... nlmvp will continue to os- •"* Etudes: the arc through which the plane ot 
ROBERT 
Robert Fulton was born in 177G, in Lancaster 
Co. Pennsylvania. His parents wero Irish emi¬ 
grants, and his father died when he was three 
years old. When eighteen jears of ago ho could 
barely read and write, but went to Philadelphia 
where ho studied drawing, painting and mechan- 
ics,—after which he went from house to house 
selling landscapes or taking likenesses. By in¬ 
dustry and self-denial he succeeded in purchas¬ 
ing the little farm upon which his mother re¬ 
sided, and wont to Luropo and studied under 
West, tho celebrated American Painter. But 
mechanics were his favoriie study, and he project¬ 
ed many important inventions, besides that which 
has made his namo so famous. 
lie spent some years in France ami England, 
engaged upon his projected steamboat, but for 
want of means, his progress was slow and his 
success indifferent. Ho finally returned to this 
country, establishing himself at Now York. “He 
assembled there,” says the Rambler, “tho author¬ 
ities of the place, and a great number of the in¬ 
habitants, and laid before them his inventions in 
their most minute details, and immediately after¬ 
wards went to work at a steamboat, which he call- 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
issued from the united states patent office 
l-\>r the week eliding June 17, 1851. 
To Mahlow Gregg, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in Brick Machines. 
To H. W. Hayden, of Waterbury, Conn, for im¬ 
provement in the construction of Dies. 
To Elias Young, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ment in Cooking Stoves. 
To Win. T. Barnes, of Buffalo, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in Wash Boards. 
To Ransom Cook, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
for improvement in Augers. 
To Rufus Ellis, of Northampton, Moss., (assign¬ 
or to Wm, M. Chase, of Boston, Mass.,) forimprove- 
raent in Knitting Machines. 
To Chas. F. Brown, of Warren, R. I., for im- 
FULTON. 
ed tho “ Clermont.” Public opinion was entirely 
against Fulton; but the chancellor, Livingston, 
alone and unaided supplied the necessary funds. 
The Clermont was tried in tho August of 1807, 
mid with the most entire success. The genius of 
tho inventor had boen doubted; but now doubt and 
incredulity gave place to admiration without 
bounds, and an almost frenzied enthusiasm.” In 
a short time, his boat became tho regular convey¬ 
ance of the mail-* between New Y'ork and Albany. 
“ But amid all his success ho seemed doomed 
to encounter disappointment. His claim to the 
honor of having been tho first to establish to any 
purpose, steam navigation, was disputed before the 
Legislative Assembly of New Yoik, and they pro¬ 
ceeded so far as to seize upon one of his boats.— 
These fresh vexations totally destroyed his declin¬ 
ing health; and ho died on the 24th of January, 
1805, at the age of forty-nine years. As soon as 
this sad event became generally known, the pub¬ 
lic regret was manifested in a striking degroe.”— 
Every honor was now paid to his memory— 
when he had thus passed beyond the influence of 
sympathy or encouragement,—needing from man 
nothiug but quiet and a humble grave. 
proved connection of Telescopic Masts and Spars. 
To Seymour Carver, of Geneva, Ill., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for Dressing Shingles. 
To G. S. Griggs, of Roxbury, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in Ventilators. 
To W. O. Hickok, of Harrisburg, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in Regulators for the pen beam in Rul¬ 
ing Machines. 
To Chas. Anderson, of Warsaw, Pa., for im¬ 
provements in Revolving Boilers. 
RE-ISSUES. 
To Esther L. Larkin, Admx. of J. E. Larkin, de¬ 
ceased, of Ballston Spa, N. Y., for method of at¬ 
taching augers to their handles. Originally paten¬ 
ted Nov. 19,1850. 
DESIGNS. 
To J. G. Lnmb, of Cincinnati, O., for two Des- 
• igns for Stoves. 
Mil 
fjsri mpm\ fVHvx 
illill 
Mil.) 
mMte. 
I wm 
iuo , .----- is true 01 tne ..- 7?” These facts suggest a new method of determin- 
that a pendulum properly suspended and put in it w jn rev olve with the earth. The pendulum . bb 
1 me latitudes: the arc through which the plane ot 
motion will vibrnte always in tho some absolute thrown into oscillation above, will continue to os- b ...... , • 
. , . r . .... • , r mro ’ ., . , ... oscillation sweeps in a given time bearing a certain 
plane, notwithstanding the shifting of the point o eillatc in the plnne of its first vibration, and wnl , .. r , , 
v „ °. , , r , „ • relation to the distance from the poles, 
suspension; whence it follows, that at the poles a secm to be approaching an observer successi\ei> 
completo revolution will bo made in 24 hours, and f rom pom ts farther to the right. The above experiment has now been ten days 
that at the equator the plnneof vibration will nev- n 0W( conceive a small table in the margin of the on exhibition in the Laboratory of tho Scientific 
er alter nt all with respect to the meridian. larger, and over it a lessor pendulum made to os- School at Cambridge, and has been the centre of 
The best account of this experiment that has c ill a te in a plane parallel to that of the larger pen- considerable interest to persons in the vicinily. 
been published is in the communication of Brof. d „l am . As the lesser table revolves with the lar- I he pendulum is .36 feet long, and consists of a 
Horsford, of Cambridge, Mass. In order to give gerj it will, in twenty-four hours, accomplish a slender copper wire less than a medium sized pin 
the readers of the IIukai. New Yorker a clear revolution—not around its own centre, but around m diameter, suspending a pear-shaped weight of 
idea of the modus operandi of the experiment, we that of the larger table, and the lesser pendulum four pounds. A few inches above the weight a 
copy Brof. II.’s explanation entire — as follows; 08C illating continually in a direction parallel to that wooden circle is erected, and upon it, on opposite 
. . • 1 :u _<■ „„ r»v,m sides, are placed two movable cards, subdivided by 
“Tho accounts of the interesting exhibition now of tho larger, will perform an entire rexolutmn > 1 , f 
° 1 foLio »mi it* nAiubi- tiie same number of vertical black marks, an eighth 
being made at the Bantheon, in Pans, brought to round the table. If tho larger table and its pendu ... .. , ... . , 
b , , . . , •„ 1 r m wp utml! of an inch apart, the centre lines of the two cards 
us by the foreign papers, employ methods of illtis- 1 lum be omitted from the 1 lustration, we sliall, 
3 a v 1 being diametrically opposite to each other, when 
. the weight is drawn to the rim of the circle, so as 
to bring tho wire of suspension against the extreme 
t individual oscillation cannot he readily seen, but 
\ after sweeping two minutes, its progress becomes 
j abundantly apparent, and in about 20 minutes it 
| advances nearly an inch, or speaking more correct- 
j ly, tho earth advances that distance while the plane 
It may not be uninteresting to your readers to 
! know that this beautiful experiment is so simple 
j that it may be readily repeated in most of our dwel¬ 
lings. Wherever a clear space of from 25 to 40 
j feet in height, even if it he not more than a foot in 
j breadth, can be commanded, there the experiment 
I may be made. The continuous stairways, from 
i the first floor to the attic ; in many houses, provide 
| tho desired space. Over this a screw, driven into 
1 the ceiling, furnishes the point of attachment. 
From the screw, by a slender copper or iron wire, 
j of a diameter less than that of a medium-sized pin, 
j a weight of about four pounds may bo suspended. 
An ordinary steelyard weight, of the larger size, 
attached to tho wire, not by the hook but by tho 
eye to which the hook is fastened, will answer the 
purpose well. The weight should come within two 
feet of the floor, place two chairs, back to back, at 
the extremes of the sweep of the pendulum, some 
four feet apart, and fix by pins a strip of finely ruled 
I paper (the lines perpendicular) on the top piece of 
j the back of each chair—on tho back of the chair 
! more distant, on the inside or front of the chair 
] nearest the observer. Now, having tied a thread 
j around the w-eight, draw it near to one of the verti- 
^ » 1 cal marks. When the weight and the wire have 
come entirely to rest, burn the thread, and the 
THE BIRD OF PARADISE. . . ... ... .. „ 
pendulum will commence its oscillations. Note 
Many marvellous things have been related of dimensions. The head, the throat, and the neck, the point of departure, and the mark to which it 
- this splendid bird,—but the truth is strange enough are of a pale gold color. The base ot the bill is sweeps on tho back of the chair opposite. It will 
for the purpose of our readers. It is a native of surrounded by black feathers, as also the side of be observed in a few moments that the pendulum 
the Molucca Islands where it is called by the na- the head and throat, which are soft as velvet, and will return to a mark a little to the left of that of 
fives God’s bird, as ’superior to all others he has changeable like the neck of a mallard. The hind- its first departure, and will sweep to a point a cor- 
- created. They live in large flocks-at night er part of the head is of a shining green mixed responding distance to the right of the mark on the 
- peiching on the same tree. They fly very rap- with gold. The body and wings are chiefly cov- cl T T'*’ g „ K ‘ *' . 
idly, and are almost constantly on the wing in pur- ered with beautiful brown, purple, and gold tenth- _^ _ 
* suit of their insect prey. Tho Library of Natural ers. Tho uppermost part of the tail feathers is of 
History gives the following descr.pt.on: a pale yellow and those beneath are, , ^ (m ftble mining ei , aineorf of i> otteville> Pa<) 
There are about eight different species of these longer than the former; for svInch reason the lnnd- ^ ^ advanc “ d the theory long ago _ that 
birds; but that which is best known is the greater er part ot tiio tai appears to 1 .1 w 1 1 e. under the red ash coal seams, the large white ash 
paradise bird, which appears to the eye ol the size what chiefly excites curiosit} uro two ong, na ei coa j scams would bo found at workable depths, 
nearly of a pigeon, though in reality the body is feathers, which spring from the upper part ot the >p b j 8 theory has been demonstrated lately by bor- 
not much larger than that of a thrush. The tail, rump above the tail, and which are usually about j ng y be Schuylkill coal basin is now held to be 
which is about six inches, is as long as tho body; two feet long, the whole shaft of a deep black and three times more valuable than it was a short time 
the winirs are larce compared with the bird’sother the feathered extremity of changoble color. ago. 
THE BIRD OF PARADISE. 
Cambndgo, May 8, 1851.” 
