arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, 
so as to render it at once on example and fit instru- 
met forintrodtling the same absolute rule into these 
colonies: 
For taking away our charters, nbolishing our 
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally 
the forms of our government. 
For suspending our own legislatures, and declar¬ 
ing themselves invested with power to legislate 
for us in all cases whatsoever. 
He has abdicated government here, by declaring 
*is out of his protection, and waging war against us. 
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 
burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
people. 
lie is, at this timo, transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, 
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with cir¬ 
cumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paral¬ 
leled in the most barbnrous ages, and totally un¬ 
worthy the head of a civilized nation. 
He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken 
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their 
country, to become the executioners of their friends 
nnd brethren, or fall themselves by their hands. 
He has excited domestic insurrection among us, 
and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of 
our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished de¬ 
struction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 
In every stage of these oppressions we have pe¬ 
titioned for redress in the most humble terms; our 
repeated petitions have been answered only by re¬ 
peated injury. A prince whose character is thu 8 
marked by every act which may define a tyrant, 
is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our 
British brethren. We have warned them, from 
time to time, of attempts made bv ,ieir legislature 
to extend an unwarrantable jv /sdiction over us. 
We have reminded them of the circumstances of 
our emigration and settlement here. We have ap¬ 
pealed to their native justice and magnanimity, 
and we have conjured them by the ties of our 
common kindred, to disavow these usurpations 
which would inevitably interrupt our connexion 
and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf 
to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We 
must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which 
denounces our separation, and hold them as wo 
hold the rest of mankind—enemies in war—in 
peace, friends. 
We, therefore, the representatives of the United 
States of America, in general Congress assembled, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for 
the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and 
by the authority of the good people of these colo¬ 
nies, solemnly publish and declare that these united 
colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and in¬ 
dependent States; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all politi¬ 
cal connexion between them and the State of 
Great Britian is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; 
and that, as free and independent States, they have 
full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract 
alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other 
acts and things which independent States may of 
right do. And for support of this Declaration, 
with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine 
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our 
LIVES, OUR FORTUNES, AND OUR SACRED HONOR. 
JOHN ADAMS’ LETTER, 
The following is an extract from the memora¬ 
ble and proplieucTetter of John Adams, written, 
the day after the i5eclarfdion of Independence 
was passed by Congress: 
Philadelphia, July 5th, 1776. 
“ Sir: —Yesterday the greatest question was 
decided which was ever debated in America, and 
greater, perhaps, never was or will be decided by 
men. A resolution was passed without a dissent¬ 
ing colony, THAT THESE UNITED STATES 
ARE, AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE 
FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES. 
The day is passed. The 4th of July, 1776. 
will be a memorable epoch in the history of 
America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated 
by succeeding generations as a great Anniversary 
Festival. It ought to be commemorated as 
the Day of Deliverance, by solemn acts of 
devotion to Almighty God. It ought to be sol¬ 
emnized witli pomp, shows, games, sports, guns, 
bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of 
the continent to the other, from this time forward 
forever. 
You will think me transported with enthusiasm, 
but I am not. I am well aware of the toil, and 
blood, and treasure that it will cost to maintain 
this Declaration, and support and defend these 
States, yet through all the gloom, I can see the 
rays of Light ami Glory—I can see that the end 
is worth more than all the means, and that pos¬ 
terity will triumph, although you and I may rue, 
which I hope we shall not 
I am, <fec., John Adams.” 
JUDGE HOPKINSON. 
Joseph Hopkinson is a name destined to live 
forever, as the author of that stirring National 
Lyric, “ Hail Columbia.” It was written during 
the summer of 1789, when there was a prospect 
of war with France, and our people were much 
divided by political party questions, growing 
out of the contest between that country and 
England. Its object was to aid in arousing an 
American spirit, which should lead all classes to 
regard the interests of our young Republic as 
above all price. In this object, it was very suc¬ 
cessful, becoming one of the “songs of the people,” 
to which every American heart responded. 
“ What a mighty power there is, after all, in a 
simple song or ballad. It has often more influence 
than a ponderous volume. This song of Hopkin- 
son’s, is an extremely simple one. There is no 
logic in it—no parade of fine words. But when 
it is sung, it excites in the breast of ever)’ patriot a 
glow of enthusiasm for our Republic, warmer per¬ 
haps, than that of the eloquence of a Patrick 
Hf.nry or a Webster.” 
Joseph Hopkinson was the son of Francis 
Hopkinson, one of the Signers of the Declaration 
of Independence. Ho was born in Philadelphia, 
in 1770, and during his life, which terminated 
eight years since, has filled various public offices. 
He has served two terms as member of Congress, 
and for many years was Judge of one of the Dis¬ 
trict Courts of Pennsylvania. 
HAIL COLUMBIA. 
Hail Columbia ! happy land 1 
Hail ye heroes ! heaven-born band ! 
Who fought and bled in freedom’s cause, 
Who fought and bled in freedom’s cause, 
And when the storm of war was gone, 
Enjoyed tfl& peace your valour won. 
Let Independence be our boast. 
Ever mindful what it cost, 
Ever grateful for the prize, 
Let its altars reach the skies. 
Firm—united—let us be. 
Rallying round our liberty; 
As a band of brother’s join’d 
Peace and safety we shall find. 
Immortal patriots ! rise once more ; 
Defend your rights, defend your shore ; 
Let no rude foe, with impious hand. 
Let no rude foe, with impious hand. 
Invade the shrine where sacred lies 
Of toil and blood the well-earn’d prize. 
While offering peace sincere and just, 
In heaven we place a manly trust, 
That truth and justice will prevail. 
And every scheme of bondage fail. 
Firm—united, &c. 
Sound, sound, the trump of fame ! 
Let Washington’s great name 
Ring through the world with loud applause. 
Ring through the world with loud applause, 
Let every clime to freedom dear, 
Listen with a joyful ear; 
With equal skill, and God-like power 
He govern’d in the fearful hour 
Of horrid war; or guides with ease. 
The happier times of honest peace. 
Firm—united, &c. 
Behold the chief who now commands, 
Once more to serve his country stands— 
The rock on which the storm will beat; 
The rock on which the storm will beat; 
But arm’d in virtue, firm and true. 
His hopes are fix’d on heaven and you. 
When hope was sinking in dismay, 
And glooms obscured Columbia’s day. 
His steady mind, from changes free, 
Resolv’d on death or victor)’. 
Firm—united—let us be. 
Rallying round our liberty ; 
As a band of brothers join’d. 
Peace and safetv we shall find. 
For the following charade, with its accompany¬ 
ing illustration, wo are indebted to a foreign peri¬ 
odical of high standing. An answer will bo 
deferred for four weeks, that our young friends 
may have opportunity to furnish solutions. An¬ 
swers in verse would be most acceptable, of course, 
though wo shall take pleasure in acknowledging 
an) answer that may bo forwarded in prose: 
i 
I graced Don Pedro’s revelry. 
All dressed in tire and feather, 
When loveliness and chivalry 
Were met to feast together; 
lie flung the slave who moved the lid 
A purse of inaravedis; 
And this that gallant Spaniard did 
For me and for the ladies. 
He vowed a vow, that noble knight, 
Before he went to table, 
To make his only sport the fight— 
His only couch the stable— 
Till he had dragged, as he was bid, 
Five score of Turks to Cadiz; 
And this that gallant Spaniard did 
For me and for the ladies. 
111 
To ride through mountains where my first 
A banquet would be reckoned— 
Through deserts, where to quench their thirst 
Men vainly turn my second— 
To leave the gates of fair Madrid, 
To dare the gates of Hades; 
And this that gallant Spaniard did 
For me and for the ladies. 
ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, &c. IN NO. 78. 
Answer to Miscellnnious Enigma. —The World’s 
Industrial Exhibition. 
Answer to Zoologieul Enigma. —Gilbert C. 
Smith aged twelve years, Lodi. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY, AT ROCHESTER, BY 
D. D. T. MOORE, Proprietor. 
Publication Office in Burns’ Block, [No. 1,2d floor,] 
corner of State and Buffalo sts. 
— 
The New-Yorker contains more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Educational, Literary and 
News matter, than any other Agricultural or Family Jour¬ 
nal published in the United States. Those who wish a 
good paper, devoted to useful and instructive subjects, are 
invited to give this one a careful examination—and to bear 
in mind that the postage on a first class periodical is no 
more than on the smallest sheet, or most trashy reprint. 
Terms, in Advance: 
Two Dollars a Year — 81 for six months. To Clubs 
and Agents as follows :—Three Copies, one year, for ©5; 
Six Copies (and one to Agent or getter up of club,) tor ©10; 
Ten Copies (and one to Agent,) for ©15; Twenty Copies 
for ©’JS, and any additional number, directed to individuals 
at the same rate. Forty Copies, directed to one person, for 
@40, and any additional numlter, thus addressed, at the 
game rate. Six months subscriptions at proportional rates. 
All moneys received by mail will be acknowledged in 
the paper, and receipts sent whenever desired. 
Post-Masters, Clergymen, Teachers. Officers and Mem¬ 
bers of Agricultural Societies, and other influential persons 
of all professions — friends of Mental and Moral as wcN as 
of Agricultural Improvement — are respectfully solicited to 
obtain and forward subscriptions to the New-Yorker. 
53^Subscription money, properiy enclosed, maybe 
sent by mail at our risk. 
TERMS OF ADVERTISING : 
A limited numlter of appropriate advertisements will be 
inserted in the New-Yorker, at the rate of @1 per square 
(twelve lines or less,) for the first insertion, and 50 cents for 
each subsequent publication.—To be paid for in advance. 
XW° Notices relative to Meetings, &c., of Agricultural. 
Horticultural, Mechanical and Educational Associations, 
published gratuitously. 
On the shore dimly seen, through the mists of the deep, 
Where the foe’s haughty host, in dread silence reposes; 
What is that which the breeze, o’er the lowering steep. 
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses ? 
Now it catches the gleam, of the morning’s first beam. 
In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream. 
’ Tis the Star Spangled Banner, oh ! long may it wave. 
O’er the Land of the Free, and the Home of the Brave. 
And where is that band, who so vaunting!)* swore, 
That the havoc of war and the battle’s confusion, 
A Home and a Country shall leave us no more ? 
Their blood hath washed out their foul footsteps’ pollution. 
No refuge could save, the hireling and slave. 
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave. 
And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave. 
O’er the Land of the Free, and the Home of the Brave. 
Oh ! thus be it ever, when Freemen shall stand, 
Between their loved home, and the war’s desolation ; 
Blest with vict’ry and peace, may the Heaven rescued land. 
Praise tho Power that hath made and preserv’d us a Nation. 
Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just. 
And this be our motto, “In God is our trust; 
And the Star Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave. 
O’er the Land of the Free, and the Home of the Brave. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YOU KER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
ILLUSTRATED CHARADE. 
When, in the course of human events, it be¬ 
comes necessary for one people to dissolve the 
political bands which have connected them with 
another, and to assume among the powers of the 
earth the separte and equal station to which the 
laws of nature and nature’s God entitle them, a 
decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires 
that they should declare the causes which impel 
them to the separation. 
We hold these truths to be self-evident—that all 
men are created equal; that they are endowed by 
their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that 
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of 
happiness: that to secure these rights, govern¬ 
ments are instituted among men, deriving their 
just powers from the consent of the governed; that 
whenever any form of government becomes de¬ 
structive to these ends, it is the right of the people 
to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new govern¬ 
ment, laying its foundation on such principles, and 
organizing its powers in such form, as to them 
shall seem most likely to effect their safety and 
happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that 
governments long established should not be chang¬ 
ed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, 
all experience hath shown that mankind are more 
disposed to suffer,while evils are sufi’erable, than to 
right themselves by abolishing the forms to which 
they are accustomed. But when a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the 
same object, evinces a design to reduce them un¬ 
der absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their 
duty, to throw off such government, and to pro¬ 
vide new guards for their future security. Such 
has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; 
and such is now the necessity which constrains 
them to alter their former systems of government. 
The history of the present king of Great Britain 
is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, 
all having in direct object the establishment of an 
absolute tyranny over these States. To prove 
this, let facts be submitted to a candid world:— 
He has refused his assent to laws the most whole¬ 
some and neoessary for the public good. 
lie has forbidden his governors to pass laws of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspend¬ 
ed in their operation till his assent should be ob¬ 
tained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly 
neglected to attend to them. 
He has refused to pass other laws, for the ac¬ 
commodation of large districts of people, unless 
those people would relinquish the right of repre¬ 
sentation in the legislature—a right inestimable to 
them, amd formidable to tyrants only. 
He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the de¬ 
pository of their public records, for the sole purpose 
of fatiguing them imto compliance with his meas¬ 
ures. 
He has dissolved representative houses repeat¬ 
edly, for opposing with manly firmness Ins inva¬ 
sions on the rights of the people. 
He has refused, for a long time after such dis¬ 
solutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby 
the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, 
have returned to the people ut large, for their ex¬ 
ercise; the state remaining in the meantime, expos¬ 
ed to all the danger of invasion from without and 
convulsions within. 
He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws 
for the naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass 
others to encourage their migration hither, and 
raising the condition of new appropriations of lands. 
He har obstructed the administration of justice, 
by refu_.«,kg his assent to laws for establishing ju¬ 
diciary powers. 
He nas made judges dependent on his will alone 
for ttie tenure of their offices, and the amount and 
payment of their salaries. 
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and 
sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our popu¬ 
lation and eat out their substance. 
He has kept among us, in time of pence, stan¬ 
ding armies, without the consent of our legislature. 
He has affected to render the military indepen¬ 
dent of, and superior to, the civil power. 
He has combined with ethers to subject us to a 
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unac¬ 
knowledged by our laws, giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation— 
For quartering large bodies of armed troops 
among us: 
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from 
punishment for any murders which they should 
commit on the inhabitants of these States: 
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world: 
For imposing taxes onus without our consent: 
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits 
of trial by jury: 
For transporting us beyond sens, to be tried for 
pretended offences: 
For abolishing the free system of English laws 
J n a neighboring province, establishing therein an 
Oh 1 say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light, 
What so proudly we hail’d at the twilight’s last gleaming ? 
Whose broad stripes and bright Stars, through the perilous fight. 
O’er the ramparts we watch’d, were so gallantly streaming; 
And the rocket’s red glare, the bombs bursting in air. 
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. 
Oh! say, does that Star Spangled Banner still wave. 
O’er the Land of the Free, and the Home of the Brave? 
DECLARATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 
Unanimously Adopted July 4, 1776. 
